マシュリク











マシュリクの地図.


マシュリク（مشرق Mashriq）は、アラビア語の「日が昇るところ」を原義とし、「東方」を意味する語。マグリブ（西方）に対して東方を指し、普通には概ねエジプト以東のアラブ諸国（東アラブ）のことであるが、その地理範囲は一定ではない。


古くはアッバース朝の都バグダードを中心にとみて、イランの東部と中央アジアを指したこともあった。イスラム世界の中心から離れたマグリブの人々にとっては、マシュリクとは東方の聖地マッカ(メッカ)や学問の中心カイロの方面を指して漠然と呼ぶのに使われた地理概念であった。今日ではシリア地方やイラクを指す言葉として用いられることが多いが、マグリブの地理概念に比べるとマシュリクのそれは曖昧であり、地域内の経済的・政治的繋がりもマグリブ諸国ほど緊密であるとはいえない。



関連項目



  • 肥沃な三日月地帯

  • メソポタミア

  • レバント

  • 歴史的シリア

  • マグリブ




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