Borel Sigma Algebra generated by Open Intervals












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So I know that the Borel $sigma$-algebra of $mathbb{R}$ is the $sigma$-algebra generated by open sets. I have been able to prove that this Borel $sigma$-algebra is also generated by the family of open intervals of the form $(a,b), a,b in mathbb{R}$ Now I want to show that the family of open intervals $(a,infty)$ also generate the Borel $sigma$-algebra. So what I have done is first show that



$(a,b) = bigcup_{q in mathbb{Q}, q<b} ((a, infty)-(q,infty))$. This shows that every open interval is a countable union of intervals of the form $(a,infty)$ and thus $sigma$-algebra generated by $(a,b)$ is contained in the $sigma$-algebra generated by $(a, infty)$ But how would I show the other way around, i.e. that every interval $(a, infty)$ is in the Borel $sigma$- algebra?



(Can we just say that every interval $(a, infty)$ is infact an open interval in itself and thus belongs to the $sigma$-algebra generated by $(a,b)$?)










share|cite|improve this question



























    1














    So I know that the Borel $sigma$-algebra of $mathbb{R}$ is the $sigma$-algebra generated by open sets. I have been able to prove that this Borel $sigma$-algebra is also generated by the family of open intervals of the form $(a,b), a,b in mathbb{R}$ Now I want to show that the family of open intervals $(a,infty)$ also generate the Borel $sigma$-algebra. So what I have done is first show that



    $(a,b) = bigcup_{q in mathbb{Q}, q<b} ((a, infty)-(q,infty))$. This shows that every open interval is a countable union of intervals of the form $(a,infty)$ and thus $sigma$-algebra generated by $(a,b)$ is contained in the $sigma$-algebra generated by $(a, infty)$ But how would I show the other way around, i.e. that every interval $(a, infty)$ is in the Borel $sigma$- algebra?



    (Can we just say that every interval $(a, infty)$ is infact an open interval in itself and thus belongs to the $sigma$-algebra generated by $(a,b)$?)










    share|cite|improve this question

























      1












      1








      1


      1





      So I know that the Borel $sigma$-algebra of $mathbb{R}$ is the $sigma$-algebra generated by open sets. I have been able to prove that this Borel $sigma$-algebra is also generated by the family of open intervals of the form $(a,b), a,b in mathbb{R}$ Now I want to show that the family of open intervals $(a,infty)$ also generate the Borel $sigma$-algebra. So what I have done is first show that



      $(a,b) = bigcup_{q in mathbb{Q}, q<b} ((a, infty)-(q,infty))$. This shows that every open interval is a countable union of intervals of the form $(a,infty)$ and thus $sigma$-algebra generated by $(a,b)$ is contained in the $sigma$-algebra generated by $(a, infty)$ But how would I show the other way around, i.e. that every interval $(a, infty)$ is in the Borel $sigma$- algebra?



      (Can we just say that every interval $(a, infty)$ is infact an open interval in itself and thus belongs to the $sigma$-algebra generated by $(a,b)$?)










      share|cite|improve this question













      So I know that the Borel $sigma$-algebra of $mathbb{R}$ is the $sigma$-algebra generated by open sets. I have been able to prove that this Borel $sigma$-algebra is also generated by the family of open intervals of the form $(a,b), a,b in mathbb{R}$ Now I want to show that the family of open intervals $(a,infty)$ also generate the Borel $sigma$-algebra. So what I have done is first show that



      $(a,b) = bigcup_{q in mathbb{Q}, q<b} ((a, infty)-(q,infty))$. This shows that every open interval is a countable union of intervals of the form $(a,infty)$ and thus $sigma$-algebra generated by $(a,b)$ is contained in the $sigma$-algebra generated by $(a, infty)$ But how would I show the other way around, i.e. that every interval $(a, infty)$ is in the Borel $sigma$- algebra?



      (Can we just say that every interval $(a, infty)$ is infact an open interval in itself and thus belongs to the $sigma$-algebra generated by $(a,b)$?)







      measure-theory






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      asked Apr 18 '15 at 7:24









      user1314

      628719




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          2 Answers
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          Hint: $$(a,infty) = bigcup_{n in mathbb{N}_0} (a+n,a+n+1).$$



          And yes: If you know that the Borel-$sigma$ algebra contains all open sets, then $(a,infty) in mathcal{B}(mathbb{R})$ follows also from the fact that $(a,infty)$ is an open set.






          share|cite|improve this answer























          • Ok, so even though the identity you gave is correct I think I will just use the fact $(a, infty)$ is an open interval, hence an open set. Just one last question, how would I show the above for $[a, infty)$. I can express $(a,b)$ as a union of intervals of the form $[a, infty)$ but can't show the other way around
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:36












          • @user1314 Hint: Use $$[a,infty) = bigcap_{n in mathbb{N}} (a- frac{1}{n},infty)$$
            – saz
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:43










          • By the way a small correction, a bit pedantic maybe, but in the above formua, don't you mean $nin mathbb{N}_{0}$, since you used that in the earlier one.
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:50












          • @user1314 You mean the formula in my previous comment? No, I don't mean $n in mathbb{N}_0$ - $frac{1}{n}$ is not well-defined for $n=0$.
            – saz
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:52










          • oh of course, sorry, I kept thinking $mathbb{N}_{0}$ means $mathbb{N}$ without the 0, yes you are absolutely correct. Thanks for the help
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:54





















          1














          Denote $mathcal{B}=sigmaleft(tauright)=sigmaleft(left{ left(a,bright)mid a,binmathbb{R}right} right)$ (this equality was found out by you allready)
          where $tau$ denotes the topology and $mathcal{B}_{1}=sigmaleft(left{ left(a,inftyright)mid ainmathbb{R}right} right)$.



          Then $left{ left(a,inftyright)mid ainmathbb{R}right} subsettau$
          so that $mathcal{B}_{1}subseteqmathcal{B}$.



          To prove the converse
          inclusion it is enough to show that $left{ left(a,bright)mid a,binmathbb{R}right} subsetmathcal{B}_{1}$.



          We have $left(a,cright]=left(a,inftyright)-left(c,inftyright)inmathcal{B}_{1}$
          for each $c$, and consequently $left(a,bright)=bigcup_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b-frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$.






          share|cite|improve this answer























          • I don't see any contradiction: $left(a,bright]=cap_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b+frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$. Maybe, $left(a,bright)=cup_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b-frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$.
            – Aidas
            Nov 20 '18 at 15:38










          • @Aidas You are right, and thank you for attending me. I repaired. I really don't understand (and remember) how I could write that.
            – drhab
            Nov 20 '18 at 16:12











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          2 Answers
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          2 Answers
          2






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          Hint: $$(a,infty) = bigcup_{n in mathbb{N}_0} (a+n,a+n+1).$$



          And yes: If you know that the Borel-$sigma$ algebra contains all open sets, then $(a,infty) in mathcal{B}(mathbb{R})$ follows also from the fact that $(a,infty)$ is an open set.






          share|cite|improve this answer























          • Ok, so even though the identity you gave is correct I think I will just use the fact $(a, infty)$ is an open interval, hence an open set. Just one last question, how would I show the above for $[a, infty)$. I can express $(a,b)$ as a union of intervals of the form $[a, infty)$ but can't show the other way around
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:36












          • @user1314 Hint: Use $$[a,infty) = bigcap_{n in mathbb{N}} (a- frac{1}{n},infty)$$
            – saz
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:43










          • By the way a small correction, a bit pedantic maybe, but in the above formua, don't you mean $nin mathbb{N}_{0}$, since you used that in the earlier one.
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:50












          • @user1314 You mean the formula in my previous comment? No, I don't mean $n in mathbb{N}_0$ - $frac{1}{n}$ is not well-defined for $n=0$.
            – saz
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:52










          • oh of course, sorry, I kept thinking $mathbb{N}_{0}$ means $mathbb{N}$ without the 0, yes you are absolutely correct. Thanks for the help
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:54


















          2














          Hint: $$(a,infty) = bigcup_{n in mathbb{N}_0} (a+n,a+n+1).$$



          And yes: If you know that the Borel-$sigma$ algebra contains all open sets, then $(a,infty) in mathcal{B}(mathbb{R})$ follows also from the fact that $(a,infty)$ is an open set.






          share|cite|improve this answer























          • Ok, so even though the identity you gave is correct I think I will just use the fact $(a, infty)$ is an open interval, hence an open set. Just one last question, how would I show the above for $[a, infty)$. I can express $(a,b)$ as a union of intervals of the form $[a, infty)$ but can't show the other way around
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:36












          • @user1314 Hint: Use $$[a,infty) = bigcap_{n in mathbb{N}} (a- frac{1}{n},infty)$$
            – saz
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:43










          • By the way a small correction, a bit pedantic maybe, but in the above formua, don't you mean $nin mathbb{N}_{0}$, since you used that in the earlier one.
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:50












          • @user1314 You mean the formula in my previous comment? No, I don't mean $n in mathbb{N}_0$ - $frac{1}{n}$ is not well-defined for $n=0$.
            – saz
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:52










          • oh of course, sorry, I kept thinking $mathbb{N}_{0}$ means $mathbb{N}$ without the 0, yes you are absolutely correct. Thanks for the help
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:54
















          2












          2








          2






          Hint: $$(a,infty) = bigcup_{n in mathbb{N}_0} (a+n,a+n+1).$$



          And yes: If you know that the Borel-$sigma$ algebra contains all open sets, then $(a,infty) in mathcal{B}(mathbb{R})$ follows also from the fact that $(a,infty)$ is an open set.






          share|cite|improve this answer














          Hint: $$(a,infty) = bigcup_{n in mathbb{N}_0} (a+n,a+n+1).$$



          And yes: If you know that the Borel-$sigma$ algebra contains all open sets, then $(a,infty) in mathcal{B}(mathbb{R})$ follows also from the fact that $(a,infty)$ is an open set.







          share|cite|improve this answer














          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer








          edited Apr 18 '15 at 7:44

























          answered Apr 18 '15 at 7:31









          saz

          78.2k758123




          78.2k758123












          • Ok, so even though the identity you gave is correct I think I will just use the fact $(a, infty)$ is an open interval, hence an open set. Just one last question, how would I show the above for $[a, infty)$. I can express $(a,b)$ as a union of intervals of the form $[a, infty)$ but can't show the other way around
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:36












          • @user1314 Hint: Use $$[a,infty) = bigcap_{n in mathbb{N}} (a- frac{1}{n},infty)$$
            – saz
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:43










          • By the way a small correction, a bit pedantic maybe, but in the above formua, don't you mean $nin mathbb{N}_{0}$, since you used that in the earlier one.
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:50












          • @user1314 You mean the formula in my previous comment? No, I don't mean $n in mathbb{N}_0$ - $frac{1}{n}$ is not well-defined for $n=0$.
            – saz
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:52










          • oh of course, sorry, I kept thinking $mathbb{N}_{0}$ means $mathbb{N}$ without the 0, yes you are absolutely correct. Thanks for the help
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:54




















          • Ok, so even though the identity you gave is correct I think I will just use the fact $(a, infty)$ is an open interval, hence an open set. Just one last question, how would I show the above for $[a, infty)$. I can express $(a,b)$ as a union of intervals of the form $[a, infty)$ but can't show the other way around
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:36












          • @user1314 Hint: Use $$[a,infty) = bigcap_{n in mathbb{N}} (a- frac{1}{n},infty)$$
            – saz
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:43










          • By the way a small correction, a bit pedantic maybe, but in the above formua, don't you mean $nin mathbb{N}_{0}$, since you used that in the earlier one.
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:50












          • @user1314 You mean the formula in my previous comment? No, I don't mean $n in mathbb{N}_0$ - $frac{1}{n}$ is not well-defined for $n=0$.
            – saz
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:52










          • oh of course, sorry, I kept thinking $mathbb{N}_{0}$ means $mathbb{N}$ without the 0, yes you are absolutely correct. Thanks for the help
            – user1314
            Apr 18 '15 at 7:54


















          Ok, so even though the identity you gave is correct I think I will just use the fact $(a, infty)$ is an open interval, hence an open set. Just one last question, how would I show the above for $[a, infty)$. I can express $(a,b)$ as a union of intervals of the form $[a, infty)$ but can't show the other way around
          – user1314
          Apr 18 '15 at 7:36






          Ok, so even though the identity you gave is correct I think I will just use the fact $(a, infty)$ is an open interval, hence an open set. Just one last question, how would I show the above for $[a, infty)$. I can express $(a,b)$ as a union of intervals of the form $[a, infty)$ but can't show the other way around
          – user1314
          Apr 18 '15 at 7:36














          @user1314 Hint: Use $$[a,infty) = bigcap_{n in mathbb{N}} (a- frac{1}{n},infty)$$
          – saz
          Apr 18 '15 at 7:43




          @user1314 Hint: Use $$[a,infty) = bigcap_{n in mathbb{N}} (a- frac{1}{n},infty)$$
          – saz
          Apr 18 '15 at 7:43












          By the way a small correction, a bit pedantic maybe, but in the above formua, don't you mean $nin mathbb{N}_{0}$, since you used that in the earlier one.
          – user1314
          Apr 18 '15 at 7:50






          By the way a small correction, a bit pedantic maybe, but in the above formua, don't you mean $nin mathbb{N}_{0}$, since you used that in the earlier one.
          – user1314
          Apr 18 '15 at 7:50














          @user1314 You mean the formula in my previous comment? No, I don't mean $n in mathbb{N}_0$ - $frac{1}{n}$ is not well-defined for $n=0$.
          – saz
          Apr 18 '15 at 7:52




          @user1314 You mean the formula in my previous comment? No, I don't mean $n in mathbb{N}_0$ - $frac{1}{n}$ is not well-defined for $n=0$.
          – saz
          Apr 18 '15 at 7:52












          oh of course, sorry, I kept thinking $mathbb{N}_{0}$ means $mathbb{N}$ without the 0, yes you are absolutely correct. Thanks for the help
          – user1314
          Apr 18 '15 at 7:54






          oh of course, sorry, I kept thinking $mathbb{N}_{0}$ means $mathbb{N}$ without the 0, yes you are absolutely correct. Thanks for the help
          – user1314
          Apr 18 '15 at 7:54













          1














          Denote $mathcal{B}=sigmaleft(tauright)=sigmaleft(left{ left(a,bright)mid a,binmathbb{R}right} right)$ (this equality was found out by you allready)
          where $tau$ denotes the topology and $mathcal{B}_{1}=sigmaleft(left{ left(a,inftyright)mid ainmathbb{R}right} right)$.



          Then $left{ left(a,inftyright)mid ainmathbb{R}right} subsettau$
          so that $mathcal{B}_{1}subseteqmathcal{B}$.



          To prove the converse
          inclusion it is enough to show that $left{ left(a,bright)mid a,binmathbb{R}right} subsetmathcal{B}_{1}$.



          We have $left(a,cright]=left(a,inftyright)-left(c,inftyright)inmathcal{B}_{1}$
          for each $c$, and consequently $left(a,bright)=bigcup_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b-frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$.






          share|cite|improve this answer























          • I don't see any contradiction: $left(a,bright]=cap_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b+frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$. Maybe, $left(a,bright)=cup_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b-frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$.
            – Aidas
            Nov 20 '18 at 15:38










          • @Aidas You are right, and thank you for attending me. I repaired. I really don't understand (and remember) how I could write that.
            – drhab
            Nov 20 '18 at 16:12
















          1














          Denote $mathcal{B}=sigmaleft(tauright)=sigmaleft(left{ left(a,bright)mid a,binmathbb{R}right} right)$ (this equality was found out by you allready)
          where $tau$ denotes the topology and $mathcal{B}_{1}=sigmaleft(left{ left(a,inftyright)mid ainmathbb{R}right} right)$.



          Then $left{ left(a,inftyright)mid ainmathbb{R}right} subsettau$
          so that $mathcal{B}_{1}subseteqmathcal{B}$.



          To prove the converse
          inclusion it is enough to show that $left{ left(a,bright)mid a,binmathbb{R}right} subsetmathcal{B}_{1}$.



          We have $left(a,cright]=left(a,inftyright)-left(c,inftyright)inmathcal{B}_{1}$
          for each $c$, and consequently $left(a,bright)=bigcup_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b-frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$.






          share|cite|improve this answer























          • I don't see any contradiction: $left(a,bright]=cap_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b+frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$. Maybe, $left(a,bright)=cup_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b-frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$.
            – Aidas
            Nov 20 '18 at 15:38










          • @Aidas You are right, and thank you for attending me. I repaired. I really don't understand (and remember) how I could write that.
            – drhab
            Nov 20 '18 at 16:12














          1












          1








          1






          Denote $mathcal{B}=sigmaleft(tauright)=sigmaleft(left{ left(a,bright)mid a,binmathbb{R}right} right)$ (this equality was found out by you allready)
          where $tau$ denotes the topology and $mathcal{B}_{1}=sigmaleft(left{ left(a,inftyright)mid ainmathbb{R}right} right)$.



          Then $left{ left(a,inftyright)mid ainmathbb{R}right} subsettau$
          so that $mathcal{B}_{1}subseteqmathcal{B}$.



          To prove the converse
          inclusion it is enough to show that $left{ left(a,bright)mid a,binmathbb{R}right} subsetmathcal{B}_{1}$.



          We have $left(a,cright]=left(a,inftyright)-left(c,inftyright)inmathcal{B}_{1}$
          for each $c$, and consequently $left(a,bright)=bigcup_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b-frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$.






          share|cite|improve this answer














          Denote $mathcal{B}=sigmaleft(tauright)=sigmaleft(left{ left(a,bright)mid a,binmathbb{R}right} right)$ (this equality was found out by you allready)
          where $tau$ denotes the topology and $mathcal{B}_{1}=sigmaleft(left{ left(a,inftyright)mid ainmathbb{R}right} right)$.



          Then $left{ left(a,inftyright)mid ainmathbb{R}right} subsettau$
          so that $mathcal{B}_{1}subseteqmathcal{B}$.



          To prove the converse
          inclusion it is enough to show that $left{ left(a,bright)mid a,binmathbb{R}right} subsetmathcal{B}_{1}$.



          We have $left(a,cright]=left(a,inftyright)-left(c,inftyright)inmathcal{B}_{1}$
          for each $c$, and consequently $left(a,bright)=bigcup_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b-frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$.







          share|cite|improve this answer














          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer








          edited Nov 20 '18 at 16:10

























          answered Apr 18 '15 at 7:54









          drhab

          97.9k544129




          97.9k544129












          • I don't see any contradiction: $left(a,bright]=cap_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b+frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$. Maybe, $left(a,bright)=cup_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b-frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$.
            – Aidas
            Nov 20 '18 at 15:38










          • @Aidas You are right, and thank you for attending me. I repaired. I really don't understand (and remember) how I could write that.
            – drhab
            Nov 20 '18 at 16:12


















          • I don't see any contradiction: $left(a,bright]=cap_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b+frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$. Maybe, $left(a,bright)=cup_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b-frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$.
            – Aidas
            Nov 20 '18 at 15:38










          • @Aidas You are right, and thank you for attending me. I repaired. I really don't understand (and remember) how I could write that.
            – drhab
            Nov 20 '18 at 16:12
















          I don't see any contradiction: $left(a,bright]=cap_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b+frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$. Maybe, $left(a,bright)=cup_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b-frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$.
          – Aidas
          Nov 20 '18 at 15:38




          I don't see any contradiction: $left(a,bright]=cap_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b+frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$. Maybe, $left(a,bright)=cup_{ninmathbb{N}}left(a,b-frac{1}{n}right]inmathcal{B}_{1}$.
          – Aidas
          Nov 20 '18 at 15:38












          @Aidas You are right, and thank you for attending me. I repaired. I really don't understand (and remember) how I could write that.
          – drhab
          Nov 20 '18 at 16:12




          @Aidas You are right, and thank you for attending me. I repaired. I really don't understand (and remember) how I could write that.
          – drhab
          Nov 20 '18 at 16:12


















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