How does one evaluate the multiplication $f(2)cdot f(3)cdot f(4)cdots f(15)$ by formulating?












4












$begingroup$


Suppose



$$f : mathbb{Z}^+ rightarrow mathbb{R}$$



$$f(x) = 1-dfrac{1}{x^2}$$



How does one evaluate the multiplication $prod_{i=2}^{15} f(i)=f(2)cdot f(3)cdot f(4)cdots f(15)$?



Here I have to see the trick that directly yields the calculation.



How come that we write this using $Pi$ (product) notation? I'll be glad to hear your dear thoughts.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Have you looked carefully at the product of the first few terms? I think if you use a bit of algebra, you'll see that there is some cancellation between numerators and denominators of adjacent terms.
    $endgroup$
    – hardmath
    Jan 2 at 17:11










  • $begingroup$
    @hardmath That's absolutely true. I also have looked carefully at the product of first few terms, no doubt.
    $endgroup$
    – Enzo
    Jan 2 at 17:13






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It would also depend on how you write those terms. If you just write $left(1 - frac1{2^2}right)left(1 - frac1{3^2}right)left(1 - frac1{4^2}right)cdots$ then I don't think you will see a useful pattern.
    $endgroup$
    – David K
    Jan 2 at 17:16












  • $begingroup$
    I have got $$frac{8}{15}$$ with my TI calculator
    $endgroup$
    – Dr. Sonnhard Graubner
    Jan 2 at 17:18


















4












$begingroup$


Suppose



$$f : mathbb{Z}^+ rightarrow mathbb{R}$$



$$f(x) = 1-dfrac{1}{x^2}$$



How does one evaluate the multiplication $prod_{i=2}^{15} f(i)=f(2)cdot f(3)cdot f(4)cdots f(15)$?



Here I have to see the trick that directly yields the calculation.



How come that we write this using $Pi$ (product) notation? I'll be glad to hear your dear thoughts.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Have you looked carefully at the product of the first few terms? I think if you use a bit of algebra, you'll see that there is some cancellation between numerators and denominators of adjacent terms.
    $endgroup$
    – hardmath
    Jan 2 at 17:11










  • $begingroup$
    @hardmath That's absolutely true. I also have looked carefully at the product of first few terms, no doubt.
    $endgroup$
    – Enzo
    Jan 2 at 17:13






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It would also depend on how you write those terms. If you just write $left(1 - frac1{2^2}right)left(1 - frac1{3^2}right)left(1 - frac1{4^2}right)cdots$ then I don't think you will see a useful pattern.
    $endgroup$
    – David K
    Jan 2 at 17:16












  • $begingroup$
    I have got $$frac{8}{15}$$ with my TI calculator
    $endgroup$
    – Dr. Sonnhard Graubner
    Jan 2 at 17:18
















4












4








4


0



$begingroup$


Suppose



$$f : mathbb{Z}^+ rightarrow mathbb{R}$$



$$f(x) = 1-dfrac{1}{x^2}$$



How does one evaluate the multiplication $prod_{i=2}^{15} f(i)=f(2)cdot f(3)cdot f(4)cdots f(15)$?



Here I have to see the trick that directly yields the calculation.



How come that we write this using $Pi$ (product) notation? I'll be glad to hear your dear thoughts.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




Suppose



$$f : mathbb{Z}^+ rightarrow mathbb{R}$$



$$f(x) = 1-dfrac{1}{x^2}$$



How does one evaluate the multiplication $prod_{i=2}^{15} f(i)=f(2)cdot f(3)cdot f(4)cdots f(15)$?



Here I have to see the trick that directly yields the calculation.



How come that we write this using $Pi$ (product) notation? I'll be glad to hear your dear thoughts.







functions products






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Jan 2 at 17:14









Henrik

5,99892030




5,99892030










asked Jan 2 at 17:08









EnzoEnzo

1537




1537








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Have you looked carefully at the product of the first few terms? I think if you use a bit of algebra, you'll see that there is some cancellation between numerators and denominators of adjacent terms.
    $endgroup$
    – hardmath
    Jan 2 at 17:11










  • $begingroup$
    @hardmath That's absolutely true. I also have looked carefully at the product of first few terms, no doubt.
    $endgroup$
    – Enzo
    Jan 2 at 17:13






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It would also depend on how you write those terms. If you just write $left(1 - frac1{2^2}right)left(1 - frac1{3^2}right)left(1 - frac1{4^2}right)cdots$ then I don't think you will see a useful pattern.
    $endgroup$
    – David K
    Jan 2 at 17:16












  • $begingroup$
    I have got $$frac{8}{15}$$ with my TI calculator
    $endgroup$
    – Dr. Sonnhard Graubner
    Jan 2 at 17:18
















  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Have you looked carefully at the product of the first few terms? I think if you use a bit of algebra, you'll see that there is some cancellation between numerators and denominators of adjacent terms.
    $endgroup$
    – hardmath
    Jan 2 at 17:11










  • $begingroup$
    @hardmath That's absolutely true. I also have looked carefully at the product of first few terms, no doubt.
    $endgroup$
    – Enzo
    Jan 2 at 17:13






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It would also depend on how you write those terms. If you just write $left(1 - frac1{2^2}right)left(1 - frac1{3^2}right)left(1 - frac1{4^2}right)cdots$ then I don't think you will see a useful pattern.
    $endgroup$
    – David K
    Jan 2 at 17:16












  • $begingroup$
    I have got $$frac{8}{15}$$ with my TI calculator
    $endgroup$
    – Dr. Sonnhard Graubner
    Jan 2 at 17:18










1




1




$begingroup$
Have you looked carefully at the product of the first few terms? I think if you use a bit of algebra, you'll see that there is some cancellation between numerators and denominators of adjacent terms.
$endgroup$
– hardmath
Jan 2 at 17:11




$begingroup$
Have you looked carefully at the product of the first few terms? I think if you use a bit of algebra, you'll see that there is some cancellation between numerators and denominators of adjacent terms.
$endgroup$
– hardmath
Jan 2 at 17:11












$begingroup$
@hardmath That's absolutely true. I also have looked carefully at the product of first few terms, no doubt.
$endgroup$
– Enzo
Jan 2 at 17:13




$begingroup$
@hardmath That's absolutely true. I also have looked carefully at the product of first few terms, no doubt.
$endgroup$
– Enzo
Jan 2 at 17:13




1




1




$begingroup$
It would also depend on how you write those terms. If you just write $left(1 - frac1{2^2}right)left(1 - frac1{3^2}right)left(1 - frac1{4^2}right)cdots$ then I don't think you will see a useful pattern.
$endgroup$
– David K
Jan 2 at 17:16






$begingroup$
It would also depend on how you write those terms. If you just write $left(1 - frac1{2^2}right)left(1 - frac1{3^2}right)left(1 - frac1{4^2}right)cdots$ then I don't think you will see a useful pattern.
$endgroup$
– David K
Jan 2 at 17:16














$begingroup$
I have got $$frac{8}{15}$$ with my TI calculator
$endgroup$
– Dr. Sonnhard Graubner
Jan 2 at 17:18






$begingroup$
I have got $$frac{8}{15}$$ with my TI calculator
$endgroup$
– Dr. Sonnhard Graubner
Jan 2 at 17:18












2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















8












$begingroup$

Hint: $f(x) = frac{x^2-1}{x^2} = frac{(x-1)(x+1)}{x^2}$


and take product of $f(2),f(3),...,f(n)$



Look:
$$
frac{(1)(3)}{2^2} cdot frac{(2)(4)}{3^2} cdot frac{(3)(5)}{4^2} cdot ... frac{(n-3)(n-1)}{(n-2)^2} cdot frac{(n-2)n}{(n-1)^2} cdot frac{(n-1)(n+1)}{n^2} = frac{1}{2} cdot frac{n+1}{n} $$

and take this for your task






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    That does not really help.
    $endgroup$
    – Enzo
    Jan 2 at 17:16






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @Enzo Perhaps you should try harder to understand it. It is the same hint I would have given; I don't think there is an easier way.
    $endgroup$
    – David K
    Jan 2 at 17:18










  • $begingroup$
    Write as I said and look what will happen
    $endgroup$
    – VirtualUser
    Jan 2 at 17:19










  • $begingroup$
    @Enzo I'll go out on a limb and say that there is no easier way.
    $endgroup$
    – John
    Jan 2 at 17:20










  • $begingroup$
    $$biggr (frac{(2-1)(2+1)}{2^2} biggr ) biggr ( frac{(3-1)(3+1)}{3^2} biggr )$$ No such term cancels out here.
    $endgroup$
    – Enzo
    Jan 2 at 17:22





















1












$begingroup$


It is also convenient to use the factorial notation $n!=1cdot2cdots n$. We obtain
begin{align*}
color{blue}{prod_{i=2}^{15}f(i)}&=prod_{i=2}^{15}left(1-frac{1}{i^2}right)\
&=prod_{i=2}^{15}frac{i^2-1}{i^2}\
&=prod_{i=2}^{15}frac{(i-1)(i+1)}{i^2}\
&=frac{14!cdot 16!/2}{left(15!right)^2}tag{1}\
&,,color{blue}{=frac{8}{15}}tag{2}
end{align*}




Comment:




  • In (1) we use $prod_{i=2}^{15}(i-1)=1cdot 2cdots 14=14!$ and $prod_{i=2}^{15}(i+1)=3cdot4cdots 16=frac{1}{2}cdot 16!$.


  • In (2) we see that $14!/15!=1/15$ and $16!/15!=16$.







share|cite|improve this answer









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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes








    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    8












    $begingroup$

    Hint: $f(x) = frac{x^2-1}{x^2} = frac{(x-1)(x+1)}{x^2}$


    and take product of $f(2),f(3),...,f(n)$



    Look:
    $$
    frac{(1)(3)}{2^2} cdot frac{(2)(4)}{3^2} cdot frac{(3)(5)}{4^2} cdot ... frac{(n-3)(n-1)}{(n-2)^2} cdot frac{(n-2)n}{(n-1)^2} cdot frac{(n-1)(n+1)}{n^2} = frac{1}{2} cdot frac{n+1}{n} $$

    and take this for your task






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$













    • $begingroup$
      That does not really help.
      $endgroup$
      – Enzo
      Jan 2 at 17:16






    • 1




      $begingroup$
      @Enzo Perhaps you should try harder to understand it. It is the same hint I would have given; I don't think there is an easier way.
      $endgroup$
      – David K
      Jan 2 at 17:18










    • $begingroup$
      Write as I said and look what will happen
      $endgroup$
      – VirtualUser
      Jan 2 at 17:19










    • $begingroup$
      @Enzo I'll go out on a limb and say that there is no easier way.
      $endgroup$
      – John
      Jan 2 at 17:20










    • $begingroup$
      $$biggr (frac{(2-1)(2+1)}{2^2} biggr ) biggr ( frac{(3-1)(3+1)}{3^2} biggr )$$ No such term cancels out here.
      $endgroup$
      – Enzo
      Jan 2 at 17:22


















    8












    $begingroup$

    Hint: $f(x) = frac{x^2-1}{x^2} = frac{(x-1)(x+1)}{x^2}$


    and take product of $f(2),f(3),...,f(n)$



    Look:
    $$
    frac{(1)(3)}{2^2} cdot frac{(2)(4)}{3^2} cdot frac{(3)(5)}{4^2} cdot ... frac{(n-3)(n-1)}{(n-2)^2} cdot frac{(n-2)n}{(n-1)^2} cdot frac{(n-1)(n+1)}{n^2} = frac{1}{2} cdot frac{n+1}{n} $$

    and take this for your task






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$













    • $begingroup$
      That does not really help.
      $endgroup$
      – Enzo
      Jan 2 at 17:16






    • 1




      $begingroup$
      @Enzo Perhaps you should try harder to understand it. It is the same hint I would have given; I don't think there is an easier way.
      $endgroup$
      – David K
      Jan 2 at 17:18










    • $begingroup$
      Write as I said and look what will happen
      $endgroup$
      – VirtualUser
      Jan 2 at 17:19










    • $begingroup$
      @Enzo I'll go out on a limb and say that there is no easier way.
      $endgroup$
      – John
      Jan 2 at 17:20










    • $begingroup$
      $$biggr (frac{(2-1)(2+1)}{2^2} biggr ) biggr ( frac{(3-1)(3+1)}{3^2} biggr )$$ No such term cancels out here.
      $endgroup$
      – Enzo
      Jan 2 at 17:22
















    8












    8








    8





    $begingroup$

    Hint: $f(x) = frac{x^2-1}{x^2} = frac{(x-1)(x+1)}{x^2}$


    and take product of $f(2),f(3),...,f(n)$



    Look:
    $$
    frac{(1)(3)}{2^2} cdot frac{(2)(4)}{3^2} cdot frac{(3)(5)}{4^2} cdot ... frac{(n-3)(n-1)}{(n-2)^2} cdot frac{(n-2)n}{(n-1)^2} cdot frac{(n-1)(n+1)}{n^2} = frac{1}{2} cdot frac{n+1}{n} $$

    and take this for your task






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$



    Hint: $f(x) = frac{x^2-1}{x^2} = frac{(x-1)(x+1)}{x^2}$


    and take product of $f(2),f(3),...,f(n)$



    Look:
    $$
    frac{(1)(3)}{2^2} cdot frac{(2)(4)}{3^2} cdot frac{(3)(5)}{4^2} cdot ... frac{(n-3)(n-1)}{(n-2)^2} cdot frac{(n-2)n}{(n-1)^2} cdot frac{(n-1)(n+1)}{n^2} = frac{1}{2} cdot frac{n+1}{n} $$

    and take this for your task







    share|cite|improve this answer














    share|cite|improve this answer



    share|cite|improve this answer








    edited Jan 2 at 17:23

























    answered Jan 2 at 17:15









    VirtualUserVirtualUser

    59412




    59412












    • $begingroup$
      That does not really help.
      $endgroup$
      – Enzo
      Jan 2 at 17:16






    • 1




      $begingroup$
      @Enzo Perhaps you should try harder to understand it. It is the same hint I would have given; I don't think there is an easier way.
      $endgroup$
      – David K
      Jan 2 at 17:18










    • $begingroup$
      Write as I said and look what will happen
      $endgroup$
      – VirtualUser
      Jan 2 at 17:19










    • $begingroup$
      @Enzo I'll go out on a limb and say that there is no easier way.
      $endgroup$
      – John
      Jan 2 at 17:20










    • $begingroup$
      $$biggr (frac{(2-1)(2+1)}{2^2} biggr ) biggr ( frac{(3-1)(3+1)}{3^2} biggr )$$ No such term cancels out here.
      $endgroup$
      – Enzo
      Jan 2 at 17:22




















    • $begingroup$
      That does not really help.
      $endgroup$
      – Enzo
      Jan 2 at 17:16






    • 1




      $begingroup$
      @Enzo Perhaps you should try harder to understand it. It is the same hint I would have given; I don't think there is an easier way.
      $endgroup$
      – David K
      Jan 2 at 17:18










    • $begingroup$
      Write as I said and look what will happen
      $endgroup$
      – VirtualUser
      Jan 2 at 17:19










    • $begingroup$
      @Enzo I'll go out on a limb and say that there is no easier way.
      $endgroup$
      – John
      Jan 2 at 17:20










    • $begingroup$
      $$biggr (frac{(2-1)(2+1)}{2^2} biggr ) biggr ( frac{(3-1)(3+1)}{3^2} biggr )$$ No such term cancels out here.
      $endgroup$
      – Enzo
      Jan 2 at 17:22


















    $begingroup$
    That does not really help.
    $endgroup$
    – Enzo
    Jan 2 at 17:16




    $begingroup$
    That does not really help.
    $endgroup$
    – Enzo
    Jan 2 at 17:16




    1




    1




    $begingroup$
    @Enzo Perhaps you should try harder to understand it. It is the same hint I would have given; I don't think there is an easier way.
    $endgroup$
    – David K
    Jan 2 at 17:18




    $begingroup$
    @Enzo Perhaps you should try harder to understand it. It is the same hint I would have given; I don't think there is an easier way.
    $endgroup$
    – David K
    Jan 2 at 17:18












    $begingroup$
    Write as I said and look what will happen
    $endgroup$
    – VirtualUser
    Jan 2 at 17:19




    $begingroup$
    Write as I said and look what will happen
    $endgroup$
    – VirtualUser
    Jan 2 at 17:19












    $begingroup$
    @Enzo I'll go out on a limb and say that there is no easier way.
    $endgroup$
    – John
    Jan 2 at 17:20




    $begingroup$
    @Enzo I'll go out on a limb and say that there is no easier way.
    $endgroup$
    – John
    Jan 2 at 17:20












    $begingroup$
    $$biggr (frac{(2-1)(2+1)}{2^2} biggr ) biggr ( frac{(3-1)(3+1)}{3^2} biggr )$$ No such term cancels out here.
    $endgroup$
    – Enzo
    Jan 2 at 17:22






    $begingroup$
    $$biggr (frac{(2-1)(2+1)}{2^2} biggr ) biggr ( frac{(3-1)(3+1)}{3^2} biggr )$$ No such term cancels out here.
    $endgroup$
    – Enzo
    Jan 2 at 17:22













    1












    $begingroup$


    It is also convenient to use the factorial notation $n!=1cdot2cdots n$. We obtain
    begin{align*}
    color{blue}{prod_{i=2}^{15}f(i)}&=prod_{i=2}^{15}left(1-frac{1}{i^2}right)\
    &=prod_{i=2}^{15}frac{i^2-1}{i^2}\
    &=prod_{i=2}^{15}frac{(i-1)(i+1)}{i^2}\
    &=frac{14!cdot 16!/2}{left(15!right)^2}tag{1}\
    &,,color{blue}{=frac{8}{15}}tag{2}
    end{align*}




    Comment:




    • In (1) we use $prod_{i=2}^{15}(i-1)=1cdot 2cdots 14=14!$ and $prod_{i=2}^{15}(i+1)=3cdot4cdots 16=frac{1}{2}cdot 16!$.


    • In (2) we see that $14!/15!=1/15$ and $16!/15!=16$.







    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$


















      1












      $begingroup$


      It is also convenient to use the factorial notation $n!=1cdot2cdots n$. We obtain
      begin{align*}
      color{blue}{prod_{i=2}^{15}f(i)}&=prod_{i=2}^{15}left(1-frac{1}{i^2}right)\
      &=prod_{i=2}^{15}frac{i^2-1}{i^2}\
      &=prod_{i=2}^{15}frac{(i-1)(i+1)}{i^2}\
      &=frac{14!cdot 16!/2}{left(15!right)^2}tag{1}\
      &,,color{blue}{=frac{8}{15}}tag{2}
      end{align*}




      Comment:




      • In (1) we use $prod_{i=2}^{15}(i-1)=1cdot 2cdots 14=14!$ and $prod_{i=2}^{15}(i+1)=3cdot4cdots 16=frac{1}{2}cdot 16!$.


      • In (2) we see that $14!/15!=1/15$ and $16!/15!=16$.







      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$
















        1












        1








        1





        $begingroup$


        It is also convenient to use the factorial notation $n!=1cdot2cdots n$. We obtain
        begin{align*}
        color{blue}{prod_{i=2}^{15}f(i)}&=prod_{i=2}^{15}left(1-frac{1}{i^2}right)\
        &=prod_{i=2}^{15}frac{i^2-1}{i^2}\
        &=prod_{i=2}^{15}frac{(i-1)(i+1)}{i^2}\
        &=frac{14!cdot 16!/2}{left(15!right)^2}tag{1}\
        &,,color{blue}{=frac{8}{15}}tag{2}
        end{align*}




        Comment:




        • In (1) we use $prod_{i=2}^{15}(i-1)=1cdot 2cdots 14=14!$ and $prod_{i=2}^{15}(i+1)=3cdot4cdots 16=frac{1}{2}cdot 16!$.


        • In (2) we see that $14!/15!=1/15$ and $16!/15!=16$.







        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$




        It is also convenient to use the factorial notation $n!=1cdot2cdots n$. We obtain
        begin{align*}
        color{blue}{prod_{i=2}^{15}f(i)}&=prod_{i=2}^{15}left(1-frac{1}{i^2}right)\
        &=prod_{i=2}^{15}frac{i^2-1}{i^2}\
        &=prod_{i=2}^{15}frac{(i-1)(i+1)}{i^2}\
        &=frac{14!cdot 16!/2}{left(15!right)^2}tag{1}\
        &,,color{blue}{=frac{8}{15}}tag{2}
        end{align*}




        Comment:




        • In (1) we use $prod_{i=2}^{15}(i-1)=1cdot 2cdots 14=14!$ and $prod_{i=2}^{15}(i+1)=3cdot4cdots 16=frac{1}{2}cdot 16!$.


        • In (2) we see that $14!/15!=1/15$ and $16!/15!=16$.








        share|cite|improve this answer












        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer










        answered Jan 2 at 19:40









        Markus ScheuerMarkus Scheuer

        60.5k455144




        60.5k455144






























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