Mixing
What is the surface temperature distribution of Venus?
$begingroup$
I can find lots of resources stating the average surface temperature. However, I have found conflicting reports concerning the distribution of temperatures on the surface. For example, the Venus wikipedia page suggests that the coldest spot on the surface is about 650K at the top of Maxwell Montes. However, other resources reporting on the Venus Express probe suggest that the "Venus Express probe revealed that the polar regions have a surface temperature of... 116K", which is significantly different. However, I suspect that this may be a reporting error, and may actually reflect an atmospheric temperature at an undisclosed altitude. Specifically, the paper describing the probe's final data does not seem to mention the word "surface" whatsoever, but is full enough of science-speak that is foreign to me that such a statistic may actually be hidden in there.
In any case, what are some good resources on the actual distribution of surface temperatures on Venus? At the very least, estimated temperatures in a few key areas (equator, poles, mountains, valleys, etc etc) would be desirable.
venus temperature
asked Jan 9 at 18:15
ScottScott
1536
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I can find lots of resources stating the average surface temperature. However, I have found conflicting reports concerning the distribution of temperatures on the surface. For example, the Venus wikipedia page suggests that the coldest spot on the surface is about 650K at the top of Maxwell Montes. However, other resources reporting on the Venus Express probe suggest that the "Venus Express probe revealed that the polar regions have a surface temperature of... 116K", which is significantly different. However, I suspect that this may be a reporting error, and may actually reflect an atmospheric temperature at an undisclosed altitude. Specifically, the paper describing the probe's final data does not seem to mention the word "surface" whatsoever, but is full enough of science-speak that is foreign to me that such a statistic may actually be hidden in there.
In any case, what are some good resources on the actual distribution of surface temperatures on Venus? At the very least, estimated temperatures in a few key areas (equator, poles, mountains, valleys, etc etc) would be desirable.
venus temperature
asked Jan 9 at 18:15
ScottScott
1536
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I can find lots of resources stating the average surface temperature. However, I have found conflicting reports concerning the distribution of temperatures on the surface. For example, the Venus wikipedia page suggests that the coldest spot on the surface is about 650K at the top of Maxwell Montes. However, other resources reporting on the Venus Express probe suggest that the "Venus Express probe revealed that the polar regions have a surface temperature of... 116K", which is significantly different. However, I suspect that this may be a reporting error, and may actually reflect an atmospheric temperature at an undisclosed altitude. Specifically, the paper describing the probe's final data does not seem to mention the word "surface" whatsoever, but is full enough of science-speak that is foreign to me that such a statistic may actually be hidden in there.
In any case, what are some good resources on the actual distribution of surface temperatures on Venus? At the very least, estimated temperatures in a few key areas (equator, poles, mountains, valleys, etc etc) would be desirable.
venus temperature
asked Jan 9 at 18:15
ScottScott
1536
$endgroup$
I can find lots of resources stating the average surface temperature. However, I have found conflicting reports concerning the distribution of temperatures on the surface. For example, the Venus wikipedia page suggests that the coldest spot on the surface is about 650K at the top of Maxwell Montes. However, other resources reporting on the Venus Express probe suggest that the "Venus Express probe revealed that the polar regions have a surface temperature of... 116K", which is significantly different. However, I suspect that this may be a reporting error, and may actually reflect an atmospheric temperature at an undisclosed altitude. Specifically, the paper describing the probe's final data does not seem to mention the word "surface" whatsoever, but is full enough of science-speak that is foreign to me that such a statistic may actually be hidden in there.
In any case, what are some good resources on the actual distribution of surface temperatures on Venus? At the very least, estimated temperatures in a few key areas (equator, poles, mountains, valleys, etc etc) would be desirable.
venus temperature
venus temperature
asked Jan 9 at 18:15
ScottScott
1536
asked Jan 9 at 18:15
ScottScott
1536
edited Jan 10 at 1:02
Scott
asked Jan 9 at 18:15
ScottScott
1536
asked Jan 9 at 18:15
ScottScott
1536
asked Jan 9 at 18:15
ScottScott
1536
1536
add a comment |
add a comment |
1 Answer
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oldest
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$begingroup$
Venus's thick atmosphere ensures that at a given elevation with respect to Venus's geoid (which is really close to a sphere!) there is precious little variation in temperature across the planet.
Since it appears you want to avoid scientific papers and such articles loaded with "science-speak", I'll steer you to the 2006 Space.com article that shows temperature maps generated from Venus Express (also here) data. Note the range of that temperature scale: 453 to 473 C (726 to 746 K). The great majority of that variation is due to topography: changes in elevation. The map area shown doesn't include Maxwell Montes, which would be significantly cooler.
The vertical thermal lapse rate in Venus's lower atmosphere is about -7.7 K/km (temperature drops ~7.7 K for every km of elevation increase). At the 11.5 km elevation of the peak of Maxwell Montes you'd expect the temperature to be ~88.5 K cooler than the temperature at zero elevation. Using 735 K as the zero-elevation temperature that puts you at ~646.5 K at the top of Maxwell Montes, pretty close to the 650 K from the Wikipedia article you quote.
The thick atmosphere is very efficient at moving heat around, so the temperatures at the poles aren't very different from those elsewhere. In late November of 2018 I was at a workshop at NASA's Glenn Research Center studying possible landed missions at Venus, and our consensus was that you'd see maybe 2 or 3 K cooler temperatures at the poles than at the equator at noon (again, at the same elevation!). Titan, the moon of Saturn, has a similar situation.
I can't imagine where that 116 K figure came from, except from a gross error in reporting. Nothing at Venus is at 116 K! The only figure that could even vaguely resemble that would be -116 C, very roughly the average temperature at Venus's tropopause. But going from -116 C to 116 K requires two rather serious errors in reporting a single number. I'd hope that science reporting isn't that bad!
answered Jan 9 at 21:03
Tom SpilkerTom Spilker
9,6062052
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
slightly related; do you know if there are any results from Mercury thermal imaging during the 2017 eclipse?
$endgroup$
– uhoh
Jan 9 at 23:31
2
$begingroup$
The article OP linked says (emphasis mine): "From these inputs we obtain 18 temperature values, again one per flyby, with an average of T = 114 ± 23 K...[r]ecent observations by the Venus Express SPectroscopy for the Investigation of the Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Venus (SPICAV) and Solar Occultation in the InfraRed (SOIR) instruments found thermosphere temperatures at high latitudes near 130–140 km of around 120 K (refs 8,9)"... so at 130-140km in altitude they have about the quoted result. I'm guessing whoever wrote that redorbit article misunderstood the reported values.
$endgroup$
– TemporalWolf
Jan 9 at 23:37
2
$begingroup$
@TemporalWolf Hmm, that's interesting. According to the paper I'm familiar with from the Venus Express SOIR instrument team (agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2010JE003589) the atmospheric temperature bottoms out at 160-170 K around 100-110 km altitude and increases with altitude from there.
$endgroup$
– Tom Spilker
Jan 10 at 0:15
$begingroup$
@TomSpilker, other sources that I've since lost noted that the observed teperatures were many tens of degrees cooler than expected. These measurements are from the death plunge of the probe, so yours and TemporalWolf's numbers seem to line up.
$endgroup$
– Scott
Jan 10 at 1:06
add a comment |
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$begingroup$
Venus's thick atmosphere ensures that at a given elevation with respect to Venus's geoid (which is really close to a sphere!) there is precious little variation in temperature across the planet.
Since it appears you want to avoid scientific papers and such articles loaded with "science-speak", I'll steer you to the 2006 Space.com article that shows temperature maps generated from Venus Express (also here) data. Note the range of that temperature scale: 453 to 473 C (726 to 746 K). The great majority of that variation is due to topography: changes in elevation. The map area shown doesn't include Maxwell Montes, which would be significantly cooler.
The vertical thermal lapse rate in Venus's lower atmosphere is about -7.7 K/km (temperature drops ~7.7 K for every km of elevation increase). At the 11.5 km elevation of the peak of Maxwell Montes you'd expect the temperature to be ~88.5 K cooler than the temperature at zero elevation. Using 735 K as the zero-elevation temperature that puts you at ~646.5 K at the top of Maxwell Montes, pretty close to the 650 K from the Wikipedia article you quote.
The thick atmosphere is very efficient at moving heat around, so the temperatures at the poles aren't very different from those elsewhere. In late November of 2018 I was at a workshop at NASA's Glenn Research Center studying possible landed missions at Venus, and our consensus was that you'd see maybe 2 or 3 K cooler temperatures at the poles than at the equator at noon (again, at the same elevation!). Titan, the moon of Saturn, has a similar situation.
I can't imagine where that 116 K figure came from, except from a gross error in reporting. Nothing at Venus is at 116 K! The only figure that could even vaguely resemble that would be -116 C, very roughly the average temperature at Venus's tropopause. But going from -116 C to 116 K requires two rather serious errors in reporting a single number. I'd hope that science reporting isn't that bad!
answered Jan 9 at 21:03
Tom SpilkerTom Spilker
9,6062052
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
slightly related; do you know if there are any results from Mercury thermal imaging during the 2017 eclipse?
$endgroup$
– uhoh
Jan 9 at 23:31
2
$begingroup$
The article OP linked says (emphasis mine): "From these inputs we obtain 18 temperature values, again one per flyby, with an average of T = 114 ± 23 K...[r]ecent observations by the Venus Express SPectroscopy for the Investigation of the Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Venus (SPICAV) and Solar Occultation in the InfraRed (SOIR) instruments found thermosphere temperatures at high latitudes near 130–140 km of around 120 K (refs 8,9)"... so at 130-140km in altitude they have about the quoted result. I'm guessing whoever wrote that redorbit article misunderstood the reported values.
$endgroup$
– TemporalWolf
Jan 9 at 23:37
2
$begingroup$
@TemporalWolf Hmm, that's interesting. According to the paper I'm familiar with from the Venus Express SOIR instrument team (agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2010JE003589) the atmospheric temperature bottoms out at 160-170 K around 100-110 km altitude and increases with altitude from there.
$endgroup$
– Tom Spilker
Jan 10 at 0:15
$begingroup$
@TomSpilker, other sources that I've since lost noted that the observed teperatures were many tens of degrees cooler than expected. These measurements are from the death plunge of the probe, so yours and TemporalWolf's numbers seem to line up.
$endgroup$
– Scott
Jan 10 at 1:06
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Venus's thick atmosphere ensures that at a given elevation with respect to Venus's geoid (which is really close to a sphere!) there is precious little variation in temperature across the planet.
Since it appears you want to avoid scientific papers and such articles loaded with "science-speak", I'll steer you to the 2006 Space.com article that shows temperature maps generated from Venus Express (also here) data. Note the range of that temperature scale: 453 to 473 C (726 to 746 K). The great majority of that variation is due to topography: changes in elevation. The map area shown doesn't include Maxwell Montes, which would be significantly cooler.
The vertical thermal lapse rate in Venus's lower atmosphere is about -7.7 K/km (temperature drops ~7.7 K for every km of elevation increase). At the 11.5 km elevation of the peak of Maxwell Montes you'd expect the temperature to be ~88.5 K cooler than the temperature at zero elevation. Using 735 K as the zero-elevation temperature that puts you at ~646.5 K at the top of Maxwell Montes, pretty close to the 650 K from the Wikipedia article you quote.
The thick atmosphere is very efficient at moving heat around, so the temperatures at the poles aren't very different from those elsewhere. In late November of 2018 I was at a workshop at NASA's Glenn Research Center studying possible landed missions at Venus, and our consensus was that you'd see maybe 2 or 3 K cooler temperatures at the poles than at the equator at noon (again, at the same elevation!). Titan, the moon of Saturn, has a similar situation.
I can't imagine where that 116 K figure came from, except from a gross error in reporting. Nothing at Venus is at 116 K! The only figure that could even vaguely resemble that would be -116 C, very roughly the average temperature at Venus's tropopause. But going from -116 C to 116 K requires two rather serious errors in reporting a single number. I'd hope that science reporting isn't that bad!
answered Jan 9 at 21:03
Tom SpilkerTom Spilker
9,6062052
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
slightly related; do you know if there are any results from Mercury thermal imaging during the 2017 eclipse?
$endgroup$
– uhoh
Jan 9 at 23:31
2
$begingroup$
The article OP linked says (emphasis mine): "From these inputs we obtain 18 temperature values, again one per flyby, with an average of T = 114 ± 23 K...[r]ecent observations by the Venus Express SPectroscopy for the Investigation of the Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Venus (SPICAV) and Solar Occultation in the InfraRed (SOIR) instruments found thermosphere temperatures at high latitudes near 130–140 km of around 120 K (refs 8,9)"... so at 130-140km in altitude they have about the quoted result. I'm guessing whoever wrote that redorbit article misunderstood the reported values.
$endgroup$
– TemporalWolf
Jan 9 at 23:37
2
$begingroup$
@TemporalWolf Hmm, that's interesting. According to the paper I'm familiar with from the Venus Express SOIR instrument team (agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2010JE003589) the atmospheric temperature bottoms out at 160-170 K around 100-110 km altitude and increases with altitude from there.
$endgroup$
– Tom Spilker
Jan 10 at 0:15
$begingroup$
@TomSpilker, other sources that I've since lost noted that the observed teperatures were many tens of degrees cooler than expected. These measurements are from the death plunge of the probe, so yours and TemporalWolf's numbers seem to line up.
$endgroup$
– Scott
Jan 10 at 1:06
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Venus's thick atmosphere ensures that at a given elevation with respect to Venus's geoid (which is really close to a sphere!) there is precious little variation in temperature across the planet.
Since it appears you want to avoid scientific papers and such articles loaded with "science-speak", I'll steer you to the 2006 Space.com article that shows temperature maps generated from Venus Express (also here) data. Note the range of that temperature scale: 453 to 473 C (726 to 746 K). The great majority of that variation is due to topography: changes in elevation. The map area shown doesn't include Maxwell Montes, which would be significantly cooler.
The vertical thermal lapse rate in Venus's lower atmosphere is about -7.7 K/km (temperature drops ~7.7 K for every km of elevation increase). At the 11.5 km elevation of the peak of Maxwell Montes you'd expect the temperature to be ~88.5 K cooler than the temperature at zero elevation. Using 735 K as the zero-elevation temperature that puts you at ~646.5 K at the top of Maxwell Montes, pretty close to the 650 K from the Wikipedia article you quote.
The thick atmosphere is very efficient at moving heat around, so the temperatures at the poles aren't very different from those elsewhere. In late November of 2018 I was at a workshop at NASA's Glenn Research Center studying possible landed missions at Venus, and our consensus was that you'd see maybe 2 or 3 K cooler temperatures at the poles than at the equator at noon (again, at the same elevation!). Titan, the moon of Saturn, has a similar situation.
I can't imagine where that 116 K figure came from, except from a gross error in reporting. Nothing at Venus is at 116 K! The only figure that could even vaguely resemble that would be -116 C, very roughly the average temperature at Venus's tropopause. But going from -116 C to 116 K requires two rather serious errors in reporting a single number. I'd hope that science reporting isn't that bad!
answered Jan 9 at 21:03
Tom SpilkerTom Spilker
9,6062052
$endgroup$
Venus's thick atmosphere ensures that at a given elevation with respect to Venus's geoid (which is really close to a sphere!) there is precious little variation in temperature across the planet.
Since it appears you want to avoid scientific papers and such articles loaded with "science-speak", I'll steer you to the 2006 Space.com article that shows temperature maps generated from Venus Express (also here) data. Note the range of that temperature scale: 453 to 473 C (726 to 746 K). The great majority of that variation is due to topography: changes in elevation. The map area shown doesn't include Maxwell Montes, which would be significantly cooler.
The vertical thermal lapse rate in Venus's lower atmosphere is about -7.7 K/km (temperature drops ~7.7 K for every km of elevation increase). At the 11.5 km elevation of the peak of Maxwell Montes you'd expect the temperature to be ~88.5 K cooler than the temperature at zero elevation. Using 735 K as the zero-elevation temperature that puts you at ~646.5 K at the top of Maxwell Montes, pretty close to the 650 K from the Wikipedia article you quote.
The thick atmosphere is very efficient at moving heat around, so the temperatures at the poles aren't very different from those elsewhere. In late November of 2018 I was at a workshop at NASA's Glenn Research Center studying possible landed missions at Venus, and our consensus was that you'd see maybe 2 or 3 K cooler temperatures at the poles than at the equator at noon (again, at the same elevation!). Titan, the moon of Saturn, has a similar situation.
I can't imagine where that 116 K figure came from, except from a gross error in reporting. Nothing at Venus is at 116 K! The only figure that could even vaguely resemble that would be -116 C, very roughly the average temperature at Venus's tropopause. But going from -116 C to 116 K requires two rather serious errors in reporting a single number. I'd hope that science reporting isn't that bad!
answered Jan 9 at 21:03
Tom SpilkerTom Spilker
9,6062052
answered Jan 9 at 21:03
Tom SpilkerTom Spilker
9,6062052
answered Jan 9 at 21:03
Tom SpilkerTom Spilker
9,6062052
answered Jan 9 at 21:03
Tom SpilkerTom Spilker
9,6062052
9,6062052
$begingroup$
slightly related; do you know if there are any results from Mercury thermal imaging during the 2017 eclipse?
$endgroup$
– uhoh
Jan 9 at 23:31
2
$begingroup$
The article OP linked says (emphasis mine): "From these inputs we obtain 18 temperature values, again one per flyby, with an average of T = 114 ± 23 K...[r]ecent observations by the Venus Express SPectroscopy for the Investigation of the Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Venus (SPICAV) and Solar Occultation in the InfraRed (SOIR) instruments found thermosphere temperatures at high latitudes near 130–140 km of around 120 K (refs 8,9)"... so at 130-140km in altitude they have about the quoted result. I'm guessing whoever wrote that redorbit article misunderstood the reported values.
$endgroup$
– TemporalWolf
Jan 9 at 23:37
2
$begingroup$
@TemporalWolf Hmm, that's interesting. According to the paper I'm familiar with from the Venus Express SOIR instrument team (agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2010JE003589) the atmospheric temperature bottoms out at 160-170 K around 100-110 km altitude and increases with altitude from there.
$endgroup$
– Tom Spilker
Jan 10 at 0:15
$begingroup$
@TomSpilker, other sources that I've since lost noted that the observed teperatures were many tens of degrees cooler than expected. These measurements are from the death plunge of the probe, so yours and TemporalWolf's numbers seem to line up.
$endgroup$
– Scott
Jan 10 at 1:06
add a comment |
$begingroup$
slightly related; do you know if there are any results from Mercury thermal imaging during the 2017 eclipse?
$endgroup$
– uhoh
Jan 9 at 23:31
2
$begingroup$
The article OP linked says (emphasis mine): "From these inputs we obtain 18 temperature values, again one per flyby, with an average of T = 114 ± 23 K...[r]ecent observations by the Venus Express SPectroscopy for the Investigation of the Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Venus (SPICAV) and Solar Occultation in the InfraRed (SOIR) instruments found thermosphere temperatures at high latitudes near 130–140 km of around 120 K (refs 8,9)"... so at 130-140km in altitude they have about the quoted result. I'm guessing whoever wrote that redorbit article misunderstood the reported values.
$endgroup$
– TemporalWolf
Jan 9 at 23:37
2
$begingroup$
@TemporalWolf Hmm, that's interesting. According to the paper I'm familiar with from the Venus Express SOIR instrument team (agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2010JE003589) the atmospheric temperature bottoms out at 160-170 K around 100-110 km altitude and increases with altitude from there.
$endgroup$
– Tom Spilker
Jan 10 at 0:15
$begingroup$
@TomSpilker, other sources that I've since lost noted that the observed teperatures were many tens of degrees cooler than expected. These measurements are from the death plunge of the probe, so yours and TemporalWolf's numbers seem to line up.
$endgroup$
– Scott
Jan 10 at 1:06
$begingroup$
slightly related; do you know if there are any results from Mercury thermal imaging during the 2017 eclipse?
$endgroup$
– uhoh
Jan 9 at 23:31
$begingroup$
slightly related; do you know if there are any results from Mercury thermal imaging during the 2017 eclipse?
$endgroup$
– uhoh
Jan 9 at 23:31
2
2
$begingroup$
The article OP linked says (emphasis mine): "From these inputs we obtain 18 temperature values, again one per flyby, with an average of T = 114 ± 23 K...[r]ecent observations by the Venus Express SPectroscopy for the Investigation of the Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Venus (SPICAV) and Solar Occultation in the InfraRed (SOIR) instruments found thermosphere temperatures at high latitudes near 130–140 km of around 120 K (refs 8,9)"... so at 130-140km in altitude they have about the quoted result. I'm guessing whoever wrote that redorbit article misunderstood the reported values.
$endgroup$
– TemporalWolf
Jan 9 at 23:37
$begingroup$
The article OP linked says (emphasis mine): "From these inputs we obtain 18 temperature values, again one per flyby, with an average of T = 114 ± 23 K...[r]ecent observations by the Venus Express SPectroscopy for the Investigation of the Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Venus (SPICAV) and Solar Occultation in the InfraRed (SOIR) instruments found thermosphere temperatures at high latitudes near 130–140 km of around 120 K (refs 8,9)"... so at 130-140km in altitude they have about the quoted result. I'm guessing whoever wrote that redorbit article misunderstood the reported values.
$endgroup$
– TemporalWolf
Jan 9 at 23:37
2
2
$begingroup$
@TemporalWolf Hmm, that's interesting. According to the paper I'm familiar with from the Venus Express SOIR instrument team (agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2010JE003589) the atmospheric temperature bottoms out at 160-170 K around 100-110 km altitude and increases with altitude from there.
$endgroup$
– Tom Spilker
Jan 10 at 0:15
$begingroup$
@TemporalWolf Hmm, that's interesting. According to the paper I'm familiar with from the Venus Express SOIR instrument team (agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2010JE003589) the atmospheric temperature bottoms out at 160-170 K around 100-110 km altitude and increases with altitude from there.
$endgroup$
– Tom Spilker
Jan 10 at 0:15
$begingroup$
@TomSpilker, other sources that I've since lost noted that the observed teperatures were many tens of degrees cooler than expected. These measurements are from the death plunge of the probe, so yours and TemporalWolf's numbers seem to line up.
$endgroup$
– Scott
Jan 10 at 1:06
$begingroup$
@TomSpilker, other sources that I've since lost noted that the observed teperatures were many tens of degrees cooler than expected. These measurements are from the death plunge of the probe, so yours and TemporalWolf's numbers seem to line up.
$endgroup$
– Scott
Jan 10 at 1:06
add a comment |
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