Number of size 1 partitions of the empty set












2












$begingroup$


Disclaimer: This is a homework problem, but I'm just asking for clarification, not a solution.



We're asked to prove $S(0,1) = 1$, where $S(n,k)$ is "the number
of different partitions of [a set of size $n$] into $k$ mutually disjoint subsets", where a partition is defined like so: "Let $X$ be a collection of pairwise disjoint sets and let $Y = bigcup X$. Then $X$ is called a partition of
$Y$ if either (i) $X = Y = varnothing$; or (ii) $X neq varnothing land varnothing notin X$."



As far as I can tell the only set $X$ with $bigcup X = varnothing$ and $|X| = 1$ is $X = {varnothing}$, but this does not satisfy either (i) or (ii) of the defintion of a partition. So it seems to me that there are no size 1 partitions of $varnothing$, and $S(0,1)$ should be $0$, not $1$.



Am I missing something here?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    You are correct. There are no size-1 partitions of the empty set.
    $endgroup$
    – MJD
    Sep 2 '13 at 20:22
















2












$begingroup$


Disclaimer: This is a homework problem, but I'm just asking for clarification, not a solution.



We're asked to prove $S(0,1) = 1$, where $S(n,k)$ is "the number
of different partitions of [a set of size $n$] into $k$ mutually disjoint subsets", where a partition is defined like so: "Let $X$ be a collection of pairwise disjoint sets and let $Y = bigcup X$. Then $X$ is called a partition of
$Y$ if either (i) $X = Y = varnothing$; or (ii) $X neq varnothing land varnothing notin X$."



As far as I can tell the only set $X$ with $bigcup X = varnothing$ and $|X| = 1$ is $X = {varnothing}$, but this does not satisfy either (i) or (ii) of the defintion of a partition. So it seems to me that there are no size 1 partitions of $varnothing$, and $S(0,1)$ should be $0$, not $1$.



Am I missing something here?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    You are correct. There are no size-1 partitions of the empty set.
    $endgroup$
    – MJD
    Sep 2 '13 at 20:22














2












2








2





$begingroup$


Disclaimer: This is a homework problem, but I'm just asking for clarification, not a solution.



We're asked to prove $S(0,1) = 1$, where $S(n,k)$ is "the number
of different partitions of [a set of size $n$] into $k$ mutually disjoint subsets", where a partition is defined like so: "Let $X$ be a collection of pairwise disjoint sets and let $Y = bigcup X$. Then $X$ is called a partition of
$Y$ if either (i) $X = Y = varnothing$; or (ii) $X neq varnothing land varnothing notin X$."



As far as I can tell the only set $X$ with $bigcup X = varnothing$ and $|X| = 1$ is $X = {varnothing}$, but this does not satisfy either (i) or (ii) of the defintion of a partition. So it seems to me that there are no size 1 partitions of $varnothing$, and $S(0,1)$ should be $0$, not $1$.



Am I missing something here?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




Disclaimer: This is a homework problem, but I'm just asking for clarification, not a solution.



We're asked to prove $S(0,1) = 1$, where $S(n,k)$ is "the number
of different partitions of [a set of size $n$] into $k$ mutually disjoint subsets", where a partition is defined like so: "Let $X$ be a collection of pairwise disjoint sets and let $Y = bigcup X$. Then $X$ is called a partition of
$Y$ if either (i) $X = Y = varnothing$; or (ii) $X neq varnothing land varnothing notin X$."



As far as I can tell the only set $X$ with $bigcup X = varnothing$ and $|X| = 1$ is $X = {varnothing}$, but this does not satisfy either (i) or (ii) of the defintion of a partition. So it seems to me that there are no size 1 partitions of $varnothing$, and $S(0,1)$ should be $0$, not $1$.



Am I missing something here?







elementary-set-theory set-partition






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Oct 29 '17 at 6:40









Peter Taylor

8,99212342




8,99212342










asked Sep 2 '13 at 20:15









AlecAlec

5261417




5261417












  • $begingroup$
    You are correct. There are no size-1 partitions of the empty set.
    $endgroup$
    – MJD
    Sep 2 '13 at 20:22


















  • $begingroup$
    You are correct. There are no size-1 partitions of the empty set.
    $endgroup$
    – MJD
    Sep 2 '13 at 20:22
















$begingroup$
You are correct. There are no size-1 partitions of the empty set.
$endgroup$
– MJD
Sep 2 '13 at 20:22




$begingroup$
You are correct. There are no size-1 partitions of the empty set.
$endgroup$
– MJD
Sep 2 '13 at 20:22










5 Answers
5






active

oldest

votes


















1












$begingroup$

You are right according to that definition. By the way, it can be simplified to "... is called a partition if $emptysetnotin X$."






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$





















    0












    $begingroup$

    Condition (i) describes the partition of the empty set into $0$ non-empty parts (the "non-empty" property being vacuously true).



    Condition (ii) implies that all parts in a partition are non-empty.



    This is consistent with the definition of the Stirling Numbers of the second kind. The number $S(0,1)=0$ since there are no partitions of the empty set into exactly 1 non-empty part.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$





















      0












      $begingroup$

      I think the author intended the "special case" clause (i) to be "$X={emptyset}$ and $Y=emptyset$." That would make $S(0,1)=1$ and it would not be subject to Hagen von Eitzen's simplification of what was actually written.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$





















        -1












        $begingroup$

        I believe you're mistaken when you say that the set $X={varnothing}$ satisfies $bigcup X = varnothing$. It actually satisfies $bigcup X = {varnothing}$.



        The only $X$ satisfying $bigcup X = varnothing$ is $X=varnothing$, the empty set itself.



        Does that help?






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$









        • 2




          $begingroup$
          $bigcup X={,zmid exists yin Xcolon zin y,}$, so $bigcup{emptyset}=emptyset$.
          $endgroup$
          – Hagen von Eitzen
          Sep 2 '13 at 20:21










        • $begingroup$
          It looks like you're saying that the union over a non-empty set is empty. That seems wrong to me. What am I missing?
          $endgroup$
          – G Tony Jacobs
          Sep 2 '13 at 20:23






        • 3




          $begingroup$
          You’re not paying careful enough attention to the definition of $bigcup X$. In order for $x$ to be an element of $bigcup{varnothing}$, there must be an element $u$ of ${varnothing}$ such that $xin u$. But the only element of ${varnothing}$ is $varnothing$, and no $x$ is in $varnothing$, so $bigcup{varnothing}$ must be empty.
          $endgroup$
          – Brian M. Scott
          Sep 2 '13 at 20:26






        • 2




          $begingroup$
          It may be helpful to think of it in the following way (even though it is more complicated than necessary.) For any two sets $A$ and $B$ we have $bigcup{A,B} = A cup B$. Now let $A = B = emptyset$.
          $endgroup$
          – Trevor Wilson
          Sep 2 '13 at 21:10










        • $begingroup$
          I think I understand. Does that mean it's correct to say that, for any set $X$, we have $bigcup {X} = X$?
          $endgroup$
          – G Tony Jacobs
          Sep 2 '13 at 21:14



















        -1












        $begingroup$

        Empty relation on empty set is a equivalence relation .And no.of equivalence relations is equal to no.of partitions .



        There is only on equivalence relation on empty set than empty set have one partition also






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$













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          5 Answers
          5






          active

          oldest

          votes








          5 Answers
          5






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes









          1












          $begingroup$

          You are right according to that definition. By the way, it can be simplified to "... is called a partition if $emptysetnotin X$."






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$


















            1












            $begingroup$

            You are right according to that definition. By the way, it can be simplified to "... is called a partition if $emptysetnotin X$."






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$
















              1












              1








              1





              $begingroup$

              You are right according to that definition. By the way, it can be simplified to "... is called a partition if $emptysetnotin X$."






              share|cite|improve this answer









              $endgroup$



              You are right according to that definition. By the way, it can be simplified to "... is called a partition if $emptysetnotin X$."







              share|cite|improve this answer












              share|cite|improve this answer



              share|cite|improve this answer










              answered Sep 2 '13 at 20:19









              Hagen von EitzenHagen von Eitzen

              280k23271503




              280k23271503























                  0












                  $begingroup$

                  Condition (i) describes the partition of the empty set into $0$ non-empty parts (the "non-empty" property being vacuously true).



                  Condition (ii) implies that all parts in a partition are non-empty.



                  This is consistent with the definition of the Stirling Numbers of the second kind. The number $S(0,1)=0$ since there are no partitions of the empty set into exactly 1 non-empty part.






                  share|cite|improve this answer









                  $endgroup$


















                    0












                    $begingroup$

                    Condition (i) describes the partition of the empty set into $0$ non-empty parts (the "non-empty" property being vacuously true).



                    Condition (ii) implies that all parts in a partition are non-empty.



                    This is consistent with the definition of the Stirling Numbers of the second kind. The number $S(0,1)=0$ since there are no partitions of the empty set into exactly 1 non-empty part.






                    share|cite|improve this answer









                    $endgroup$
















                      0












                      0








                      0





                      $begingroup$

                      Condition (i) describes the partition of the empty set into $0$ non-empty parts (the "non-empty" property being vacuously true).



                      Condition (ii) implies that all parts in a partition are non-empty.



                      This is consistent with the definition of the Stirling Numbers of the second kind. The number $S(0,1)=0$ since there are no partitions of the empty set into exactly 1 non-empty part.






                      share|cite|improve this answer









                      $endgroup$



                      Condition (i) describes the partition of the empty set into $0$ non-empty parts (the "non-empty" property being vacuously true).



                      Condition (ii) implies that all parts in a partition are non-empty.



                      This is consistent with the definition of the Stirling Numbers of the second kind. The number $S(0,1)=0$ since there are no partitions of the empty set into exactly 1 non-empty part.







                      share|cite|improve this answer












                      share|cite|improve this answer



                      share|cite|improve this answer










                      answered Sep 2 '13 at 20:58









                      Rebecca J. StonesRebecca J. Stones

                      21k22781




                      21k22781























                          0












                          $begingroup$

                          I think the author intended the "special case" clause (i) to be "$X={emptyset}$ and $Y=emptyset$." That would make $S(0,1)=1$ and it would not be subject to Hagen von Eitzen's simplification of what was actually written.






                          share|cite|improve this answer









                          $endgroup$


















                            0












                            $begingroup$

                            I think the author intended the "special case" clause (i) to be "$X={emptyset}$ and $Y=emptyset$." That would make $S(0,1)=1$ and it would not be subject to Hagen von Eitzen's simplification of what was actually written.






                            share|cite|improve this answer









                            $endgroup$
















                              0












                              0








                              0





                              $begingroup$

                              I think the author intended the "special case" clause (i) to be "$X={emptyset}$ and $Y=emptyset$." That would make $S(0,1)=1$ and it would not be subject to Hagen von Eitzen's simplification of what was actually written.






                              share|cite|improve this answer









                              $endgroup$



                              I think the author intended the "special case" clause (i) to be "$X={emptyset}$ and $Y=emptyset$." That would make $S(0,1)=1$ and it would not be subject to Hagen von Eitzen's simplification of what was actually written.







                              share|cite|improve this answer












                              share|cite|improve this answer



                              share|cite|improve this answer










                              answered Sep 2 '13 at 21:06









                              Andreas BlassAndreas Blass

                              49.8k451108




                              49.8k451108























                                  -1












                                  $begingroup$

                                  I believe you're mistaken when you say that the set $X={varnothing}$ satisfies $bigcup X = varnothing$. It actually satisfies $bigcup X = {varnothing}$.



                                  The only $X$ satisfying $bigcup X = varnothing$ is $X=varnothing$, the empty set itself.



                                  Does that help?






                                  share|cite|improve this answer









                                  $endgroup$









                                  • 2




                                    $begingroup$
                                    $bigcup X={,zmid exists yin Xcolon zin y,}$, so $bigcup{emptyset}=emptyset$.
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – Hagen von Eitzen
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 20:21










                                  • $begingroup$
                                    It looks like you're saying that the union over a non-empty set is empty. That seems wrong to me. What am I missing?
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – G Tony Jacobs
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 20:23






                                  • 3




                                    $begingroup$
                                    You’re not paying careful enough attention to the definition of $bigcup X$. In order for $x$ to be an element of $bigcup{varnothing}$, there must be an element $u$ of ${varnothing}$ such that $xin u$. But the only element of ${varnothing}$ is $varnothing$, and no $x$ is in $varnothing$, so $bigcup{varnothing}$ must be empty.
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – Brian M. Scott
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 20:26






                                  • 2




                                    $begingroup$
                                    It may be helpful to think of it in the following way (even though it is more complicated than necessary.) For any two sets $A$ and $B$ we have $bigcup{A,B} = A cup B$. Now let $A = B = emptyset$.
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – Trevor Wilson
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 21:10










                                  • $begingroup$
                                    I think I understand. Does that mean it's correct to say that, for any set $X$, we have $bigcup {X} = X$?
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – G Tony Jacobs
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 21:14
















                                  -1












                                  $begingroup$

                                  I believe you're mistaken when you say that the set $X={varnothing}$ satisfies $bigcup X = varnothing$. It actually satisfies $bigcup X = {varnothing}$.



                                  The only $X$ satisfying $bigcup X = varnothing$ is $X=varnothing$, the empty set itself.



                                  Does that help?






                                  share|cite|improve this answer









                                  $endgroup$









                                  • 2




                                    $begingroup$
                                    $bigcup X={,zmid exists yin Xcolon zin y,}$, so $bigcup{emptyset}=emptyset$.
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – Hagen von Eitzen
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 20:21










                                  • $begingroup$
                                    It looks like you're saying that the union over a non-empty set is empty. That seems wrong to me. What am I missing?
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – G Tony Jacobs
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 20:23






                                  • 3




                                    $begingroup$
                                    You’re not paying careful enough attention to the definition of $bigcup X$. In order for $x$ to be an element of $bigcup{varnothing}$, there must be an element $u$ of ${varnothing}$ such that $xin u$. But the only element of ${varnothing}$ is $varnothing$, and no $x$ is in $varnothing$, so $bigcup{varnothing}$ must be empty.
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – Brian M. Scott
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 20:26






                                  • 2




                                    $begingroup$
                                    It may be helpful to think of it in the following way (even though it is more complicated than necessary.) For any two sets $A$ and $B$ we have $bigcup{A,B} = A cup B$. Now let $A = B = emptyset$.
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – Trevor Wilson
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 21:10










                                  • $begingroup$
                                    I think I understand. Does that mean it's correct to say that, for any set $X$, we have $bigcup {X} = X$?
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – G Tony Jacobs
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 21:14














                                  -1












                                  -1








                                  -1





                                  $begingroup$

                                  I believe you're mistaken when you say that the set $X={varnothing}$ satisfies $bigcup X = varnothing$. It actually satisfies $bigcup X = {varnothing}$.



                                  The only $X$ satisfying $bigcup X = varnothing$ is $X=varnothing$, the empty set itself.



                                  Does that help?






                                  share|cite|improve this answer









                                  $endgroup$



                                  I believe you're mistaken when you say that the set $X={varnothing}$ satisfies $bigcup X = varnothing$. It actually satisfies $bigcup X = {varnothing}$.



                                  The only $X$ satisfying $bigcup X = varnothing$ is $X=varnothing$, the empty set itself.



                                  Does that help?







                                  share|cite|improve this answer












                                  share|cite|improve this answer



                                  share|cite|improve this answer










                                  answered Sep 2 '13 at 20:20









                                  G Tony JacobsG Tony Jacobs

                                  25.8k43585




                                  25.8k43585








                                  • 2




                                    $begingroup$
                                    $bigcup X={,zmid exists yin Xcolon zin y,}$, so $bigcup{emptyset}=emptyset$.
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – Hagen von Eitzen
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 20:21










                                  • $begingroup$
                                    It looks like you're saying that the union over a non-empty set is empty. That seems wrong to me. What am I missing?
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – G Tony Jacobs
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 20:23






                                  • 3




                                    $begingroup$
                                    You’re not paying careful enough attention to the definition of $bigcup X$. In order for $x$ to be an element of $bigcup{varnothing}$, there must be an element $u$ of ${varnothing}$ such that $xin u$. But the only element of ${varnothing}$ is $varnothing$, and no $x$ is in $varnothing$, so $bigcup{varnothing}$ must be empty.
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – Brian M. Scott
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 20:26






                                  • 2




                                    $begingroup$
                                    It may be helpful to think of it in the following way (even though it is more complicated than necessary.) For any two sets $A$ and $B$ we have $bigcup{A,B} = A cup B$. Now let $A = B = emptyset$.
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – Trevor Wilson
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 21:10










                                  • $begingroup$
                                    I think I understand. Does that mean it's correct to say that, for any set $X$, we have $bigcup {X} = X$?
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – G Tony Jacobs
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 21:14














                                  • 2




                                    $begingroup$
                                    $bigcup X={,zmid exists yin Xcolon zin y,}$, so $bigcup{emptyset}=emptyset$.
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – Hagen von Eitzen
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 20:21










                                  • $begingroup$
                                    It looks like you're saying that the union over a non-empty set is empty. That seems wrong to me. What am I missing?
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – G Tony Jacobs
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 20:23






                                  • 3




                                    $begingroup$
                                    You’re not paying careful enough attention to the definition of $bigcup X$. In order for $x$ to be an element of $bigcup{varnothing}$, there must be an element $u$ of ${varnothing}$ such that $xin u$. But the only element of ${varnothing}$ is $varnothing$, and no $x$ is in $varnothing$, so $bigcup{varnothing}$ must be empty.
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – Brian M. Scott
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 20:26






                                  • 2




                                    $begingroup$
                                    It may be helpful to think of it in the following way (even though it is more complicated than necessary.) For any two sets $A$ and $B$ we have $bigcup{A,B} = A cup B$. Now let $A = B = emptyset$.
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – Trevor Wilson
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 21:10










                                  • $begingroup$
                                    I think I understand. Does that mean it's correct to say that, for any set $X$, we have $bigcup {X} = X$?
                                    $endgroup$
                                    – G Tony Jacobs
                                    Sep 2 '13 at 21:14








                                  2




                                  2




                                  $begingroup$
                                  $bigcup X={,zmid exists yin Xcolon zin y,}$, so $bigcup{emptyset}=emptyset$.
                                  $endgroup$
                                  – Hagen von Eitzen
                                  Sep 2 '13 at 20:21




                                  $begingroup$
                                  $bigcup X={,zmid exists yin Xcolon zin y,}$, so $bigcup{emptyset}=emptyset$.
                                  $endgroup$
                                  – Hagen von Eitzen
                                  Sep 2 '13 at 20:21












                                  $begingroup$
                                  It looks like you're saying that the union over a non-empty set is empty. That seems wrong to me. What am I missing?
                                  $endgroup$
                                  – G Tony Jacobs
                                  Sep 2 '13 at 20:23




                                  $begingroup$
                                  It looks like you're saying that the union over a non-empty set is empty. That seems wrong to me. What am I missing?
                                  $endgroup$
                                  – G Tony Jacobs
                                  Sep 2 '13 at 20:23




                                  3




                                  3




                                  $begingroup$
                                  You’re not paying careful enough attention to the definition of $bigcup X$. In order for $x$ to be an element of $bigcup{varnothing}$, there must be an element $u$ of ${varnothing}$ such that $xin u$. But the only element of ${varnothing}$ is $varnothing$, and no $x$ is in $varnothing$, so $bigcup{varnothing}$ must be empty.
                                  $endgroup$
                                  – Brian M. Scott
                                  Sep 2 '13 at 20:26




                                  $begingroup$
                                  You’re not paying careful enough attention to the definition of $bigcup X$. In order for $x$ to be an element of $bigcup{varnothing}$, there must be an element $u$ of ${varnothing}$ such that $xin u$. But the only element of ${varnothing}$ is $varnothing$, and no $x$ is in $varnothing$, so $bigcup{varnothing}$ must be empty.
                                  $endgroup$
                                  – Brian M. Scott
                                  Sep 2 '13 at 20:26




                                  2




                                  2




                                  $begingroup$
                                  It may be helpful to think of it in the following way (even though it is more complicated than necessary.) For any two sets $A$ and $B$ we have $bigcup{A,B} = A cup B$. Now let $A = B = emptyset$.
                                  $endgroup$
                                  – Trevor Wilson
                                  Sep 2 '13 at 21:10




                                  $begingroup$
                                  It may be helpful to think of it in the following way (even though it is more complicated than necessary.) For any two sets $A$ and $B$ we have $bigcup{A,B} = A cup B$. Now let $A = B = emptyset$.
                                  $endgroup$
                                  – Trevor Wilson
                                  Sep 2 '13 at 21:10












                                  $begingroup$
                                  I think I understand. Does that mean it's correct to say that, for any set $X$, we have $bigcup {X} = X$?
                                  $endgroup$
                                  – G Tony Jacobs
                                  Sep 2 '13 at 21:14




                                  $begingroup$
                                  I think I understand. Does that mean it's correct to say that, for any set $X$, we have $bigcup {X} = X$?
                                  $endgroup$
                                  – G Tony Jacobs
                                  Sep 2 '13 at 21:14











                                  -1












                                  $begingroup$

                                  Empty relation on empty set is a equivalence relation .And no.of equivalence relations is equal to no.of partitions .



                                  There is only on equivalence relation on empty set than empty set have one partition also






                                  share|cite|improve this answer









                                  $endgroup$


















                                    -1












                                    $begingroup$

                                    Empty relation on empty set is a equivalence relation .And no.of equivalence relations is equal to no.of partitions .



                                    There is only on equivalence relation on empty set than empty set have one partition also






                                    share|cite|improve this answer









                                    $endgroup$
















                                      -1












                                      -1








                                      -1





                                      $begingroup$

                                      Empty relation on empty set is a equivalence relation .And no.of equivalence relations is equal to no.of partitions .



                                      There is only on equivalence relation on empty set than empty set have one partition also






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                                      $endgroup$



                                      Empty relation on empty set is a equivalence relation .And no.of equivalence relations is equal to no.of partitions .



                                      There is only on equivalence relation on empty set than empty set have one partition also







                                      share|cite|improve this answer












                                      share|cite|improve this answer



                                      share|cite|improve this answer










                                      answered Jan 14 at 4:25









                                      Jagdish palariyaJagdish palariya

                                      1




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