Mixing
sphere-filling curve
$begingroup$
Let $S^2$ denote the $2$-dim sphere in $mathbb R^3$. I am interested in finding a space-filling curve, i.e. a map $varphi: [0,1]to S^2$ that is continuous and onto.
We know that there is such a space-filling curve onto $[0,1]^2$ from Peano's and Hilbert's results.
Know my idea was to consider a unit cube in $mathbb R^3$. Then I want to take a path that traverses enough edges of the cube (or just take a Hamiltonian path). From an edge I want to fill its face with Peano's curve and then go back to the edge after filling. This construction yields a cube-filling curve. Then I blow the cube up to the sphere and I am done.
However, this seems to simple to me. Does that work or do I miss something?
general-topology geometry
asked Apr 18 '16 at 18:02
Sebastian BechtelSebastian Bechtel
941518
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let $S^2$ denote the $2$-dim sphere in $mathbb R^3$. I am interested in finding a space-filling curve, i.e. a map $varphi: [0,1]to S^2$ that is continuous and onto.
We know that there is such a space-filling curve onto $[0,1]^2$ from Peano's and Hilbert's results.
Know my idea was to consider a unit cube in $mathbb R^3$. Then I want to take a path that traverses enough edges of the cube (or just take a Hamiltonian path). From an edge I want to fill its face with Peano's curve and then go back to the edge after filling. This construction yields a cube-filling curve. Then I blow the cube up to the sphere and I am done.
However, this seems to simple to me. Does that work or do I miss something?
general-topology geometry
asked Apr 18 '16 at 18:02
Sebastian BechtelSebastian Bechtel
941518
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
This seems to work. Another option is to take a space-filling curve $[0, 1] to [0, 1]^2$ and compose it with a suitable parametrization of the sphere. The usual latitude-longitude parameterization should work, if we pre-compose with suitable affine functions.
$endgroup$
– Travis
Apr 18 '16 at 18:04
$begingroup$
What do you mean by "its face"? An edge is adjacent to two faces. You have to make sure you don't miss a face: maybe fill both faces adjacent to the edge.
$endgroup$
– Robert Israel
Apr 18 '16 at 18:09
$begingroup$
Actually I meant nodes and not edges but then your remark changes from 2 to 3 faces ;) I want to do it in a way that every face is filled. That's why I have said sufficiently many.
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 18:13
1
$begingroup$
Something even simpler works: start with any continuous surjective function $[0,1] to [0,1]^2$, and compose with any continuous surjective function $[0,1]^2 to S^2$. For example, the quotient space obtained from $[0,1]^2$ by collapsing to a single point its boundary $([0,1] times {0,1}) cup ({0,1} times [0,1])$ is homeomorphic to $S^2$.
$endgroup$
– Lee Mosher
Apr 18 '16 at 18:42
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let $S^2$ denote the $2$-dim sphere in $mathbb R^3$. I am interested in finding a space-filling curve, i.e. a map $varphi: [0,1]to S^2$ that is continuous and onto.
We know that there is such a space-filling curve onto $[0,1]^2$ from Peano's and Hilbert's results.
Know my idea was to consider a unit cube in $mathbb R^3$. Then I want to take a path that traverses enough edges of the cube (or just take a Hamiltonian path). From an edge I want to fill its face with Peano's curve and then go back to the edge after filling. This construction yields a cube-filling curve. Then I blow the cube up to the sphere and I am done.
However, this seems to simple to me. Does that work or do I miss something?
general-topology geometry
asked Apr 18 '16 at 18:02
Sebastian BechtelSebastian Bechtel
941518
$endgroup$
Let $S^2$ denote the $2$-dim sphere in $mathbb R^3$. I am interested in finding a space-filling curve, i.e. a map $varphi: [0,1]to S^2$ that is continuous and onto.
We know that there is such a space-filling curve onto $[0,1]^2$ from Peano's and Hilbert's results.
Know my idea was to consider a unit cube in $mathbb R^3$. Then I want to take a path that traverses enough edges of the cube (or just take a Hamiltonian path). From an edge I want to fill its face with Peano's curve and then go back to the edge after filling. This construction yields a cube-filling curve. Then I blow the cube up to the sphere and I am done.
However, this seems to simple to me. Does that work or do I miss something?
general-topology geometry
general-topology geometry
asked Apr 18 '16 at 18:02
Sebastian BechtelSebastian Bechtel
941518
asked Apr 18 '16 at 18:02
Sebastian BechtelSebastian Bechtel
941518
asked Apr 18 '16 at 18:02
Sebastian BechtelSebastian Bechtel
941518
asked Apr 18 '16 at 18:02
Sebastian BechtelSebastian Bechtel
941518
asked Apr 18 '16 at 18:02
Sebastian BechtelSebastian Bechtel
941518
941518
1
$begingroup$
This seems to work. Another option is to take a space-filling curve $[0, 1] to [0, 1]^2$ and compose it with a suitable parametrization of the sphere. The usual latitude-longitude parameterization should work, if we pre-compose with suitable affine functions.
$endgroup$
– Travis
Apr 18 '16 at 18:04
$begingroup$
What do you mean by "its face"? An edge is adjacent to two faces. You have to make sure you don't miss a face: maybe fill both faces adjacent to the edge.
$endgroup$
– Robert Israel
Apr 18 '16 at 18:09
$begingroup$
Actually I meant nodes and not edges but then your remark changes from 2 to 3 faces ;) I want to do it in a way that every face is filled. That's why I have said sufficiently many.
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 18:13
1
$begingroup$
Something even simpler works: start with any continuous surjective function $[0,1] to [0,1]^2$, and compose with any continuous surjective function $[0,1]^2 to S^2$. For example, the quotient space obtained from $[0,1]^2$ by collapsing to a single point its boundary $([0,1] times {0,1}) cup ({0,1} times [0,1])$ is homeomorphic to $S^2$.
$endgroup$
– Lee Mosher
Apr 18 '16 at 18:42
add a comment |
1
$begingroup$
This seems to work. Another option is to take a space-filling curve $[0, 1] to [0, 1]^2$ and compose it with a suitable parametrization of the sphere. The usual latitude-longitude parameterization should work, if we pre-compose with suitable affine functions.
$endgroup$
– Travis
Apr 18 '16 at 18:04
$begingroup$
What do you mean by "its face"? An edge is adjacent to two faces. You have to make sure you don't miss a face: maybe fill both faces adjacent to the edge.
$endgroup$
– Robert Israel
Apr 18 '16 at 18:09
$begingroup$
Actually I meant nodes and not edges but then your remark changes from 2 to 3 faces ;) I want to do it in a way that every face is filled. That's why I have said sufficiently many.
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 18:13
1
$begingroup$
Something even simpler works: start with any continuous surjective function $[0,1] to [0,1]^2$, and compose with any continuous surjective function $[0,1]^2 to S^2$. For example, the quotient space obtained from $[0,1]^2$ by collapsing to a single point its boundary $([0,1] times {0,1}) cup ({0,1} times [0,1])$ is homeomorphic to $S^2$.
$endgroup$
– Lee Mosher
Apr 18 '16 at 18:42
1
1
$begingroup$
This seems to work. Another option is to take a space-filling curve $[0, 1] to [0, 1]^2$ and compose it with a suitable parametrization of the sphere. The usual latitude-longitude parameterization should work, if we pre-compose with suitable affine functions.
$endgroup$
– Travis
Apr 18 '16 at 18:04
$begingroup$
This seems to work. Another option is to take a space-filling curve $[0, 1] to [0, 1]^2$ and compose it with a suitable parametrization of the sphere. The usual latitude-longitude parameterization should work, if we pre-compose with suitable affine functions.
$endgroup$
– Travis
Apr 18 '16 at 18:04
$begingroup$
What do you mean by "its face"? An edge is adjacent to two faces. You have to make sure you don't miss a face: maybe fill both faces adjacent to the edge.
$endgroup$
– Robert Israel
Apr 18 '16 at 18:09
$begingroup$
What do you mean by "its face"? An edge is adjacent to two faces. You have to make sure you don't miss a face: maybe fill both faces adjacent to the edge.
$endgroup$
– Robert Israel
Apr 18 '16 at 18:09
$begingroup$
Actually I meant nodes and not edges but then your remark changes from 2 to 3 faces ;) I want to do it in a way that every face is filled. That's why I have said sufficiently many.
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 18:13
$begingroup$
Actually I meant nodes and not edges but then your remark changes from 2 to 3 faces ;) I want to do it in a way that every face is filled. That's why I have said sufficiently many.
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 18:13
1
1
$begingroup$
Something even simpler works: start with any continuous surjective function $[0,1] to [0,1]^2$, and compose with any continuous surjective function $[0,1]^2 to S^2$. For example, the quotient space obtained from $[0,1]^2$ by collapsing to a single point its boundary $([0,1] times {0,1}) cup ({0,1} times [0,1])$ is homeomorphic to $S^2$.
$endgroup$
– Lee Mosher
Apr 18 '16 at 18:42
$begingroup$
Something even simpler works: start with any continuous surjective function $[0,1] to [0,1]^2$, and compose with any continuous surjective function $[0,1]^2 to S^2$. For example, the quotient space obtained from $[0,1]^2$ by collapsing to a single point its boundary $([0,1] times {0,1}) cup ({0,1} times [0,1])$ is homeomorphic to $S^2$.
$endgroup$
– Lee Mosher
Apr 18 '16 at 18:42
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Your construction seems doable. Here's an alternate rough sketch of a construction (I hope it's ok if I don't produce the details):
Choose space filling curves $f_{m, n} : [0, 1] to [n, n+1] times [m, m + 1]$ for each integer $m, n$ so that they glue to a continuous surjection $f : Bbb R to Bbb R^2$ in the sense that for each unit interval $I_k = [k, k +1] subset Bbb R$ with $k$ an integer, $f|_{I_k}$ is $f_{m, n}$ for some choice of $m, n$ (depending on $k$). That is, glue a bunch of space filling curves on each $[n, n + 1] times [m, m + 1]$ systematically so that the endpoints agree. Continuity of $f$ is guaranteed by gluing lemma since endpoints of $f_{m, n}$ agree.
Note that the above construction can be done because you can always choose a space filling curve $f : I to I^2$ so that the endpoint $f(0)$ and $f(1)$ are whatever you want them to be (you can cook up a Peano or Hilbert like construction with endpoints given).
Staring a bit carefully tells you that you can actually choose the endpoints so that $f$ is proper (that is, glue $f_{m, n}$ in a way so that ${f(k)}$ heads off to infinity as $k to +infty$ or $k to -infty$). Once that is done, proper maps can be extended to one-point compactifications, so $f$ extends to a space filling curve $tilde{f} : S^1to S^2$. Now compose with the map $g : I to S^1$, $g(x) = e^{2pi ix}$ and you're done.
answered Apr 18 '16 at 20:11
Balarka SenBalarka Sen
10.2k13056
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I like this approach! In my opinion it is less picturesque than my suggestion (especially the extension part) but it is more rigid and shows how powerful the tools of topology can be used.
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 21:09
$begingroup$
@SebastianBechtel Thanks. Extending proper maps to one point compactifications is actually not that hard to see though: proper means preimage of compact sets is compact, so preimage of complement of compact sets is complement of compact sets, which precisely means by definition of the topologyo on one-point compactifications that a neighborhood of the point at infinite pulls back to a neighborhood of the point at infinity. That's continuity.
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:14
$begingroup$
But I agree that this uses more tools than needs to be done. Your idea is a nice and elementary way to construct one .
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:14
$begingroup$
You've misunderstood me ;) It is not hard to check that the extension of a proper map to its Alexandroff extension is continuous but doing this and then using the homeomorphism between Alexandroff extension and the surface in $mathbb R^3$ is harder to imagine then having a cube and deform it. That is what I mean with "less picturesque". But as I have said, I like it. Tools are there to be used :)
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 21:23
$begingroup$
Fair enough. ${}$
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:25
|
show 2 more comments
$begingroup$
I would approach this by first trying to fill a 3D simplex with a space filling triangle like this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pw_50szQfA0. Then subdivide the simplex to approximate a sphere.
We want to construct a function $f: [0,1) mapsto S^2$ such that $f$ is bijective and preserves locality like Peano's and Hilbert's curves.
Let $v_k$ denote the vertices of a tetrahedron inscribed in a sphere of radius 1. That is $||v_k|| = 1, forall k in {0,1,2,3}$.
Define $N(v) = cfrac{v}{||v||}$
Let's first define the inverse map:
Given a vector $v$
First, find out the closest 3 points of the tetrahedron in the sphere. Say they are $v_a, v_b, v_c$. The first digit of the answer will be the only one in ${0,1,2,3} - {a,b,c}$
Now we subdivide this section, adding the points $N(v_a +v_b), N(v_b+v_c), N(v_c + v_a)$ to form 4 new triangles in the sphere:
(0) $N(v_c + v_a), v_a , N(v_a + v_b)$;
(1) $N(v_a + v_b), N(v_b + v_c), N(v_c + v_a)$;
(2) $N(v_a + v_b), v_b, N(v_b + v_c)$;
(3) $N(v_b + v_c), v_c , N(v_c + v_a)$;
Then you find the 3 closest of these in the sphere and you know in what triangle you are, the next digit is given by the name of the triangle in brackets. Now rename the vertices of the inner triangle and repeat the process.
Define $f$ by:
Given $x in [0,1)$
Let $x_k = cfrac{lfloor xcdot 4^{k} rfloor}{4}$ denote the k'th digit of x in base 4 after the radix.
Firstly, with $x_1$ we already know that we are in the only triangle that doesn't contain $v_{x_1}$, now we get the other vertices $a,b,c$ of the triangle and subdivide it like in the definition of the inverse, the next digit determines in which triangle we are, rename the vertices of the newly find triangle in the same order provided and continue with the next digit
answered Jan 20 at 21:54
LRacociLRacoci
11
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add a comment |
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2 Answers
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active
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votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
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active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Your construction seems doable. Here's an alternate rough sketch of a construction (I hope it's ok if I don't produce the details):
Choose space filling curves $f_{m, n} : [0, 1] to [n, n+1] times [m, m + 1]$ for each integer $m, n$ so that they glue to a continuous surjection $f : Bbb R to Bbb R^2$ in the sense that for each unit interval $I_k = [k, k +1] subset Bbb R$ with $k$ an integer, $f|_{I_k}$ is $f_{m, n}$ for some choice of $m, n$ (depending on $k$). That is, glue a bunch of space filling curves on each $[n, n + 1] times [m, m + 1]$ systematically so that the endpoints agree. Continuity of $f$ is guaranteed by gluing lemma since endpoints of $f_{m, n}$ agree.
Note that the above construction can be done because you can always choose a space filling curve $f : I to I^2$ so that the endpoint $f(0)$ and $f(1)$ are whatever you want them to be (you can cook up a Peano or Hilbert like construction with endpoints given).
Staring a bit carefully tells you that you can actually choose the endpoints so that $f$ is proper (that is, glue $f_{m, n}$ in a way so that ${f(k)}$ heads off to infinity as $k to +infty$ or $k to -infty$). Once that is done, proper maps can be extended to one-point compactifications, so $f$ extends to a space filling curve $tilde{f} : S^1to S^2$. Now compose with the map $g : I to S^1$, $g(x) = e^{2pi ix}$ and you're done.
answered Apr 18 '16 at 20:11
Balarka SenBalarka Sen
10.2k13056
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I like this approach! In my opinion it is less picturesque than my suggestion (especially the extension part) but it is more rigid and shows how powerful the tools of topology can be used.
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 21:09
$begingroup$
@SebastianBechtel Thanks. Extending proper maps to one point compactifications is actually not that hard to see though: proper means preimage of compact sets is compact, so preimage of complement of compact sets is complement of compact sets, which precisely means by definition of the topologyo on one-point compactifications that a neighborhood of the point at infinite pulls back to a neighborhood of the point at infinity. That's continuity.
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:14
$begingroup$
But I agree that this uses more tools than needs to be done. Your idea is a nice and elementary way to construct one .
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:14
$begingroup$
You've misunderstood me ;) It is not hard to check that the extension of a proper map to its Alexandroff extension is continuous but doing this and then using the homeomorphism between Alexandroff extension and the surface in $mathbb R^3$ is harder to imagine then having a cube and deform it. That is what I mean with "less picturesque". But as I have said, I like it. Tools are there to be used :)
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 21:23
$begingroup$
Fair enough. ${}$
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:25
|
show 2 more comments
$begingroup$
Your construction seems doable. Here's an alternate rough sketch of a construction (I hope it's ok if I don't produce the details):
Choose space filling curves $f_{m, n} : [0, 1] to [n, n+1] times [m, m + 1]$ for each integer $m, n$ so that they glue to a continuous surjection $f : Bbb R to Bbb R^2$ in the sense that for each unit interval $I_k = [k, k +1] subset Bbb R$ with $k$ an integer, $f|_{I_k}$ is $f_{m, n}$ for some choice of $m, n$ (depending on $k$). That is, glue a bunch of space filling curves on each $[n, n + 1] times [m, m + 1]$ systematically so that the endpoints agree. Continuity of $f$ is guaranteed by gluing lemma since endpoints of $f_{m, n}$ agree.
Note that the above construction can be done because you can always choose a space filling curve $f : I to I^2$ so that the endpoint $f(0)$ and $f(1)$ are whatever you want them to be (you can cook up a Peano or Hilbert like construction with endpoints given).
Staring a bit carefully tells you that you can actually choose the endpoints so that $f$ is proper (that is, glue $f_{m, n}$ in a way so that ${f(k)}$ heads off to infinity as $k to +infty$ or $k to -infty$). Once that is done, proper maps can be extended to one-point compactifications, so $f$ extends to a space filling curve $tilde{f} : S^1to S^2$. Now compose with the map $g : I to S^1$, $g(x) = e^{2pi ix}$ and you're done.
answered Apr 18 '16 at 20:11
Balarka SenBalarka Sen
10.2k13056
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I like this approach! In my opinion it is less picturesque than my suggestion (especially the extension part) but it is more rigid and shows how powerful the tools of topology can be used.
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 21:09
$begingroup$
@SebastianBechtel Thanks. Extending proper maps to one point compactifications is actually not that hard to see though: proper means preimage of compact sets is compact, so preimage of complement of compact sets is complement of compact sets, which precisely means by definition of the topologyo on one-point compactifications that a neighborhood of the point at infinite pulls back to a neighborhood of the point at infinity. That's continuity.
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:14
$begingroup$
But I agree that this uses more tools than needs to be done. Your idea is a nice and elementary way to construct one .
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:14
$begingroup$
You've misunderstood me ;) It is not hard to check that the extension of a proper map to its Alexandroff extension is continuous but doing this and then using the homeomorphism between Alexandroff extension and the surface in $mathbb R^3$ is harder to imagine then having a cube and deform it. That is what I mean with "less picturesque". But as I have said, I like it. Tools are there to be used :)
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 21:23
$begingroup$
Fair enough. ${}$
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:25
|
show 2 more comments
$begingroup$
Your construction seems doable. Here's an alternate rough sketch of a construction (I hope it's ok if I don't produce the details):
Choose space filling curves $f_{m, n} : [0, 1] to [n, n+1] times [m, m + 1]$ for each integer $m, n$ so that they glue to a continuous surjection $f : Bbb R to Bbb R^2$ in the sense that for each unit interval $I_k = [k, k +1] subset Bbb R$ with $k$ an integer, $f|_{I_k}$ is $f_{m, n}$ for some choice of $m, n$ (depending on $k$). That is, glue a bunch of space filling curves on each $[n, n + 1] times [m, m + 1]$ systematically so that the endpoints agree. Continuity of $f$ is guaranteed by gluing lemma since endpoints of $f_{m, n}$ agree.
Note that the above construction can be done because you can always choose a space filling curve $f : I to I^2$ so that the endpoint $f(0)$ and $f(1)$ are whatever you want them to be (you can cook up a Peano or Hilbert like construction with endpoints given).
Staring a bit carefully tells you that you can actually choose the endpoints so that $f$ is proper (that is, glue $f_{m, n}$ in a way so that ${f(k)}$ heads off to infinity as $k to +infty$ or $k to -infty$). Once that is done, proper maps can be extended to one-point compactifications, so $f$ extends to a space filling curve $tilde{f} : S^1to S^2$. Now compose with the map $g : I to S^1$, $g(x) = e^{2pi ix}$ and you're done.
answered Apr 18 '16 at 20:11
Balarka SenBalarka Sen
10.2k13056
$endgroup$
Your construction seems doable. Here's an alternate rough sketch of a construction (I hope it's ok if I don't produce the details):
Choose space filling curves $f_{m, n} : [0, 1] to [n, n+1] times [m, m + 1]$ for each integer $m, n$ so that they glue to a continuous surjection $f : Bbb R to Bbb R^2$ in the sense that for each unit interval $I_k = [k, k +1] subset Bbb R$ with $k$ an integer, $f|_{I_k}$ is $f_{m, n}$ for some choice of $m, n$ (depending on $k$). That is, glue a bunch of space filling curves on each $[n, n + 1] times [m, m + 1]$ systematically so that the endpoints agree. Continuity of $f$ is guaranteed by gluing lemma since endpoints of $f_{m, n}$ agree.
Note that the above construction can be done because you can always choose a space filling curve $f : I to I^2$ so that the endpoint $f(0)$ and $f(1)$ are whatever you want them to be (you can cook up a Peano or Hilbert like construction with endpoints given).
Staring a bit carefully tells you that you can actually choose the endpoints so that $f$ is proper (that is, glue $f_{m, n}$ in a way so that ${f(k)}$ heads off to infinity as $k to +infty$ or $k to -infty$). Once that is done, proper maps can be extended to one-point compactifications, so $f$ extends to a space filling curve $tilde{f} : S^1to S^2$. Now compose with the map $g : I to S^1$, $g(x) = e^{2pi ix}$ and you're done.
answered Apr 18 '16 at 20:11
Balarka SenBalarka Sen
10.2k13056
answered Apr 18 '16 at 20:11
Balarka SenBalarka Sen
10.2k13056
answered Apr 18 '16 at 20:11
Balarka SenBalarka Sen
10.2k13056
answered Apr 18 '16 at 20:11
Balarka SenBalarka Sen
10.2k13056
10.2k13056
$begingroup$
I like this approach! In my opinion it is less picturesque than my suggestion (especially the extension part) but it is more rigid and shows how powerful the tools of topology can be used.
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 21:09
$begingroup$
@SebastianBechtel Thanks. Extending proper maps to one point compactifications is actually not that hard to see though: proper means preimage of compact sets is compact, so preimage of complement of compact sets is complement of compact sets, which precisely means by definition of the topologyo on one-point compactifications that a neighborhood of the point at infinite pulls back to a neighborhood of the point at infinity. That's continuity.
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– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:14
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But I agree that this uses more tools than needs to be done. Your idea is a nice and elementary way to construct one .
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– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:14
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You've misunderstood me ;) It is not hard to check that the extension of a proper map to its Alexandroff extension is continuous but doing this and then using the homeomorphism between Alexandroff extension and the surface in $mathbb R^3$ is harder to imagine then having a cube and deform it. That is what I mean with "less picturesque". But as I have said, I like it. Tools are there to be used :)
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– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 21:23
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Fair enough. ${}$
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– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:25
|
show 2 more comments
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I like this approach! In my opinion it is less picturesque than my suggestion (especially the extension part) but it is more rigid and shows how powerful the tools of topology can be used.
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– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 21:09
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@SebastianBechtel Thanks. Extending proper maps to one point compactifications is actually not that hard to see though: proper means preimage of compact sets is compact, so preimage of complement of compact sets is complement of compact sets, which precisely means by definition of the topologyo on one-point compactifications that a neighborhood of the point at infinite pulls back to a neighborhood of the point at infinity. That's continuity.
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:14
$begingroup$
But I agree that this uses more tools than needs to be done. Your idea is a nice and elementary way to construct one .
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:14
$begingroup$
You've misunderstood me ;) It is not hard to check that the extension of a proper map to its Alexandroff extension is continuous but doing this and then using the homeomorphism between Alexandroff extension and the surface in $mathbb R^3$ is harder to imagine then having a cube and deform it. That is what I mean with "less picturesque". But as I have said, I like it. Tools are there to be used :)
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 21:23
$begingroup$
Fair enough. ${}$
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:25
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I like this approach! In my opinion it is less picturesque than my suggestion (especially the extension part) but it is more rigid and shows how powerful the tools of topology can be used.
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 21:09
$begingroup$
I like this approach! In my opinion it is less picturesque than my suggestion (especially the extension part) but it is more rigid and shows how powerful the tools of topology can be used.
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 21:09
$begingroup$
@SebastianBechtel Thanks. Extending proper maps to one point compactifications is actually not that hard to see though: proper means preimage of compact sets is compact, so preimage of complement of compact sets is complement of compact sets, which precisely means by definition of the topologyo on one-point compactifications that a neighborhood of the point at infinite pulls back to a neighborhood of the point at infinity. That's continuity.
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:14
$begingroup$
@SebastianBechtel Thanks. Extending proper maps to one point compactifications is actually not that hard to see though: proper means preimage of compact sets is compact, so preimage of complement of compact sets is complement of compact sets, which precisely means by definition of the topologyo on one-point compactifications that a neighborhood of the point at infinite pulls back to a neighborhood of the point at infinity. That's continuity.
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:14
$begingroup$
But I agree that this uses more tools than needs to be done. Your idea is a nice and elementary way to construct one .
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:14
$begingroup$
But I agree that this uses more tools than needs to be done. Your idea is a nice and elementary way to construct one .
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:14
$begingroup$
You've misunderstood me ;) It is not hard to check that the extension of a proper map to its Alexandroff extension is continuous but doing this and then using the homeomorphism between Alexandroff extension and the surface in $mathbb R^3$ is harder to imagine then having a cube and deform it. That is what I mean with "less picturesque". But as I have said, I like it. Tools are there to be used :)
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 21:23
$begingroup$
You've misunderstood me ;) It is not hard to check that the extension of a proper map to its Alexandroff extension is continuous but doing this and then using the homeomorphism between Alexandroff extension and the surface in $mathbb R^3$ is harder to imagine then having a cube and deform it. That is what I mean with "less picturesque". But as I have said, I like it. Tools are there to be used :)
$endgroup$
– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 21:23
$begingroup$
Fair enough. ${}$
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:25
$begingroup$
Fair enough. ${}$
$endgroup$
– Balarka Sen
Apr 18 '16 at 21:25
|
show 2 more comments
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I would approach this by first trying to fill a 3D simplex with a space filling triangle like this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pw_50szQfA0. Then subdivide the simplex to approximate a sphere.
We want to construct a function $f: [0,1) mapsto S^2$ such that $f$ is bijective and preserves locality like Peano's and Hilbert's curves.
Let $v_k$ denote the vertices of a tetrahedron inscribed in a sphere of radius 1. That is $||v_k|| = 1, forall k in {0,1,2,3}$.
Define $N(v) = cfrac{v}{||v||}$
Let's first define the inverse map:
Given a vector $v$
First, find out the closest 3 points of the tetrahedron in the sphere. Say they are $v_a, v_b, v_c$. The first digit of the answer will be the only one in ${0,1,2,3} - {a,b,c}$
Now we subdivide this section, adding the points $N(v_a +v_b), N(v_b+v_c), N(v_c + v_a)$ to form 4 new triangles in the sphere:
(0) $N(v_c + v_a), v_a , N(v_a + v_b)$;
(1) $N(v_a + v_b), N(v_b + v_c), N(v_c + v_a)$;
(2) $N(v_a + v_b), v_b, N(v_b + v_c)$;
(3) $N(v_b + v_c), v_c , N(v_c + v_a)$;
Then you find the 3 closest of these in the sphere and you know in what triangle you are, the next digit is given by the name of the triangle in brackets. Now rename the vertices of the inner triangle and repeat the process.
Define $f$ by:
Given $x in [0,1)$
Let $x_k = cfrac{lfloor xcdot 4^{k} rfloor}{4}$ denote the k'th digit of x in base 4 after the radix.
Firstly, with $x_1$ we already know that we are in the only triangle that doesn't contain $v_{x_1}$, now we get the other vertices $a,b,c$ of the triangle and subdivide it like in the definition of the inverse, the next digit determines in which triangle we are, rename the vertices of the newly find triangle in the same order provided and continue with the next digit
answered Jan 20 at 21:54
LRacociLRacoci
11
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I would approach this by first trying to fill a 3D simplex with a space filling triangle like this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pw_50szQfA0. Then subdivide the simplex to approximate a sphere.
We want to construct a function $f: [0,1) mapsto S^2$ such that $f$ is bijective and preserves locality like Peano's and Hilbert's curves.
Let $v_k$ denote the vertices of a tetrahedron inscribed in a sphere of radius 1. That is $||v_k|| = 1, forall k in {0,1,2,3}$.
Define $N(v) = cfrac{v}{||v||}$
Let's first define the inverse map:
Given a vector $v$
First, find out the closest 3 points of the tetrahedron in the sphere. Say they are $v_a, v_b, v_c$. The first digit of the answer will be the only one in ${0,1,2,3} - {a,b,c}$
Now we subdivide this section, adding the points $N(v_a +v_b), N(v_b+v_c), N(v_c + v_a)$ to form 4 new triangles in the sphere:
(0) $N(v_c + v_a), v_a , N(v_a + v_b)$;
(1) $N(v_a + v_b), N(v_b + v_c), N(v_c + v_a)$;
(2) $N(v_a + v_b), v_b, N(v_b + v_c)$;
(3) $N(v_b + v_c), v_c , N(v_c + v_a)$;
Then you find the 3 closest of these in the sphere and you know in what triangle you are, the next digit is given by the name of the triangle in brackets. Now rename the vertices of the inner triangle and repeat the process.
Define $f$ by:
Given $x in [0,1)$
Let $x_k = cfrac{lfloor xcdot 4^{k} rfloor}{4}$ denote the k'th digit of x in base 4 after the radix.
Firstly, with $x_1$ we already know that we are in the only triangle that doesn't contain $v_{x_1}$, now we get the other vertices $a,b,c$ of the triangle and subdivide it like in the definition of the inverse, the next digit determines in which triangle we are, rename the vertices of the newly find triangle in the same order provided and continue with the next digit
answered Jan 20 at 21:54
LRacociLRacoci
11
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I would approach this by first trying to fill a 3D simplex with a space filling triangle like this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pw_50szQfA0. Then subdivide the simplex to approximate a sphere.
We want to construct a function $f: [0,1) mapsto S^2$ such that $f$ is bijective and preserves locality like Peano's and Hilbert's curves.
Let $v_k$ denote the vertices of a tetrahedron inscribed in a sphere of radius 1. That is $||v_k|| = 1, forall k in {0,1,2,3}$.
Define $N(v) = cfrac{v}{||v||}$
Let's first define the inverse map:
Given a vector $v$
First, find out the closest 3 points of the tetrahedron in the sphere. Say they are $v_a, v_b, v_c$. The first digit of the answer will be the only one in ${0,1,2,3} - {a,b,c}$
Now we subdivide this section, adding the points $N(v_a +v_b), N(v_b+v_c), N(v_c + v_a)$ to form 4 new triangles in the sphere:
(0) $N(v_c + v_a), v_a , N(v_a + v_b)$;
(1) $N(v_a + v_b), N(v_b + v_c), N(v_c + v_a)$;
(2) $N(v_a + v_b), v_b, N(v_b + v_c)$;
(3) $N(v_b + v_c), v_c , N(v_c + v_a)$;
Then you find the 3 closest of these in the sphere and you know in what triangle you are, the next digit is given by the name of the triangle in brackets. Now rename the vertices of the inner triangle and repeat the process.
Define $f$ by:
Given $x in [0,1)$
Let $x_k = cfrac{lfloor xcdot 4^{k} rfloor}{4}$ denote the k'th digit of x in base 4 after the radix.
Firstly, with $x_1$ we already know that we are in the only triangle that doesn't contain $v_{x_1}$, now we get the other vertices $a,b,c$ of the triangle and subdivide it like in the definition of the inverse, the next digit determines in which triangle we are, rename the vertices of the newly find triangle in the same order provided and continue with the next digit
answered Jan 20 at 21:54
LRacociLRacoci
11
$endgroup$
I would approach this by first trying to fill a 3D simplex with a space filling triangle like this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pw_50szQfA0. Then subdivide the simplex to approximate a sphere.
We want to construct a function $f: [0,1) mapsto S^2$ such that $f$ is bijective and preserves locality like Peano's and Hilbert's curves.
Let $v_k$ denote the vertices of a tetrahedron inscribed in a sphere of radius 1. That is $||v_k|| = 1, forall k in {0,1,2,3}$.
Define $N(v) = cfrac{v}{||v||}$
Let's first define the inverse map:
Given a vector $v$
First, find out the closest 3 points of the tetrahedron in the sphere. Say they are $v_a, v_b, v_c$. The first digit of the answer will be the only one in ${0,1,2,3} - {a,b,c}$
Now we subdivide this section, adding the points $N(v_a +v_b), N(v_b+v_c), N(v_c + v_a)$ to form 4 new triangles in the sphere:
(0) $N(v_c + v_a), v_a , N(v_a + v_b)$;
(1) $N(v_a + v_b), N(v_b + v_c), N(v_c + v_a)$;
(2) $N(v_a + v_b), v_b, N(v_b + v_c)$;
(3) $N(v_b + v_c), v_c , N(v_c + v_a)$;
Then you find the 3 closest of these in the sphere and you know in what triangle you are, the next digit is given by the name of the triangle in brackets. Now rename the vertices of the inner triangle and repeat the process.
Define $f$ by:
Given $x in [0,1)$
Let $x_k = cfrac{lfloor xcdot 4^{k} rfloor}{4}$ denote the k'th digit of x in base 4 after the radix.
Firstly, with $x_1$ we already know that we are in the only triangle that doesn't contain $v_{x_1}$, now we get the other vertices $a,b,c$ of the triangle and subdivide it like in the definition of the inverse, the next digit determines in which triangle we are, rename the vertices of the newly find triangle in the same order provided and continue with the next digit
answered Jan 20 at 21:54
LRacociLRacoci
11
edited Jan 21 at 4:27
answered Jan 20 at 21:54
LRacociLRacoci
11
answered Jan 20 at 21:54
LRacociLRacoci
11
answered Jan 20 at 21:54
LRacociLRacoci
11
11
add a comment |
add a comment |
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This seems to work. Another option is to take a space-filling curve $[0, 1] to [0, 1]^2$ and compose it with a suitable parametrization of the sphere. The usual latitude-longitude parameterization should work, if we pre-compose with suitable affine functions.
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– Travis
Apr 18 '16 at 18:04
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What do you mean by "its face"? An edge is adjacent to two faces. You have to make sure you don't miss a face: maybe fill both faces adjacent to the edge.
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– Robert Israel
Apr 18 '16 at 18:09
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Actually I meant nodes and not edges but then your remark changes from 2 to 3 faces ;) I want to do it in a way that every face is filled. That's why I have said sufficiently many.
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– Sebastian Bechtel
Apr 18 '16 at 18:13
1
$begingroup$
Something even simpler works: start with any continuous surjective function $[0,1] to [0,1]^2$, and compose with any continuous surjective function $[0,1]^2 to S^2$. For example, the quotient space obtained from $[0,1]^2$ by collapsing to a single point its boundary $([0,1] times {0,1}) cup ({0,1} times [0,1])$ is homeomorphic to $S^2$.
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– Lee Mosher
Apr 18 '16 at 18:42