File permissions for Laravel 5 (and others) [closed]












115














I'm using Apache Web Server that has the owner set to _www:_www. I never know what is the best practice with file permissions, for example when I create new Laravel 5 project.



Laravel 5 requires /storage folder to be writable. I found plenty of different approaches to make it work and I usually end with making it 777 chmod recursively. I know it's not the best idea though.



The official doc says:




Laravel may require some permissions to be configured: folders within
storage and vendor require write access by the web server.




Does it mean that the web server needs access to the storage and vendor folders themselves too or just their current contents?



I assume that what is much better, is changing the owner instead of permissions. I changed all Laravel's files permissions recursively to _www:_www and that made the site work correctly, as if I changed chmod to 777. The problem is that now my text editor asks me for password each time I want to save any file and the same happens if I try to change anything in Finder, like for example copy a file.



What is the most popular approach to solve those problems?




  1. Change chmod

  2. Change the owner of the files to match those of the
    web server and perhaps set the text editor (and Finder?) to skip
    asking for password, or make them use sudo

  3. Change the owner of the web server to match the os user (I don't
    know the consequences)

  4. Something else






php apache laravel laravel-5 file-permissions







share|improve this question















closed as primarily opinion-based by jww, Makyen, TylerH, david, Billal Begueradj Dec 24 '18 at 5:14


Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise. If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.











  • 2




    I think 777 is too much freedom, because it includes all permissions for everyone.
    – Robo Robok
    Jun 4 '15 at 14:10










  • From the Laravel docs: Directories within the storage and the bootstrap/cache directories should be writable by your web server
    – joshuamabina
    Sep 25 '16 at 14:04








  • 1




    use fcgi and you can 755/644 for all (incl. public/storage)
    – Jeffz
    Mar 24 '18 at 2:11










  • Stack Overflow is a site for programming and development questions. You should use another site on the Stack Exchange network for this question.
    – jww
    Dec 23 '18 at 12:42










  • @jww agree could we move the question to serverfault instead of putting it on hold?
    – wp78de
    Dec 24 '18 at 7:27
















115














I'm using Apache Web Server that has the owner set to _www:_www. I never know what is the best practice with file permissions, for example when I create new Laravel 5 project.



Laravel 5 requires /storage folder to be writable. I found plenty of different approaches to make it work and I usually end with making it 777 chmod recursively. I know it's not the best idea though.



The official doc says:




Laravel may require some permissions to be configured: folders within
storage and vendor require write access by the web server.




Does it mean that the web server needs access to the storage and vendor folders themselves too or just their current contents?



I assume that what is much better, is changing the owner instead of permissions. I changed all Laravel's files permissions recursively to _www:_www and that made the site work correctly, as if I changed chmod to 777. The problem is that now my text editor asks me for password each time I want to save any file and the same happens if I try to change anything in Finder, like for example copy a file.



What is the most popular approach to solve those problems?




  1. Change chmod

  2. Change the owner of the files to match those of the
    web server and perhaps set the text editor (and Finder?) to skip
    asking for password, or make them use sudo

  3. Change the owner of the web server to match the os user (I don't
    know the consequences)

  4. Something else






php apache laravel laravel-5 file-permissions







share|improve this question















closed as primarily opinion-based by jww, Makyen, TylerH, david, Billal Begueradj Dec 24 '18 at 5:14


Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise. If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.











  • 2




    I think 777 is too much freedom, because it includes all permissions for everyone.
    – Robo Robok
    Jun 4 '15 at 14:10










  • From the Laravel docs: Directories within the storage and the bootstrap/cache directories should be writable by your web server
    – joshuamabina
    Sep 25 '16 at 14:04








  • 1




    use fcgi and you can 755/644 for all (incl. public/storage)
    – Jeffz
    Mar 24 '18 at 2:11










  • Stack Overflow is a site for programming and development questions. You should use another site on the Stack Exchange network for this question.
    – jww
    Dec 23 '18 at 12:42










  • @jww agree could we move the question to serverfault instead of putting it on hold?
    – wp78de
    Dec 24 '18 at 7:27














115












115








115


131





I'm using Apache Web Server that has the owner set to _www:_www. I never know what is the best practice with file permissions, for example when I create new Laravel 5 project.



Laravel 5 requires /storage folder to be writable. I found plenty of different approaches to make it work and I usually end with making it 777 chmod recursively. I know it's not the best idea though.



The official doc says:




Laravel may require some permissions to be configured: folders within
storage and vendor require write access by the web server.




Does it mean that the web server needs access to the storage and vendor folders themselves too or just their current contents?



I assume that what is much better, is changing the owner instead of permissions. I changed all Laravel's files permissions recursively to _www:_www and that made the site work correctly, as if I changed chmod to 777. The problem is that now my text editor asks me for password each time I want to save any file and the same happens if I try to change anything in Finder, like for example copy a file.



What is the most popular approach to solve those problems?




  1. Change chmod

  2. Change the owner of the files to match those of the
    web server and perhaps set the text editor (and Finder?) to skip
    asking for password, or make them use sudo

  3. Change the owner of the web server to match the os user (I don't
    know the consequences)

  4. Something else






php apache laravel laravel-5 file-permissions







share|improve this question















I'm using Apache Web Server that has the owner set to _www:_www. I never know what is the best practice with file permissions, for example when I create new Laravel 5 project.



Laravel 5 requires /storage folder to be writable. I found plenty of different approaches to make it work and I usually end with making it 777 chmod recursively. I know it's not the best idea though.



The official doc says:




Laravel may require some permissions to be configured: folders within
storage and vendor require write access by the web server.




Does it mean that the web server needs access to the storage and vendor folders themselves too or just their current contents?



I assume that what is much better, is changing the owner instead of permissions. I changed all Laravel's files permissions recursively to _www:_www and that made the site work correctly, as if I changed chmod to 777. The problem is that now my text editor asks me for password each time I want to save any file and the same happens if I try to change anything in Finder, like for example copy a file.



What is the most popular approach to solve those problems?




  1. Change chmod

  2. Change the owner of the files to match those of the
    web server and perhaps set the text editor (and Finder?) to skip
    asking for password, or make them use sudo

  3. Change the owner of the web server to match the os user (I don't
    know the consequences)

  4. Something else






php apache laravel laravel-5 file-permissions




php apache laravel laravel-5 file-permissions






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Apr 15 '17 at 13:50

























asked Jun 4 '15 at 8:49









Robo Robok

4,58353257




4,58353257




closed as primarily opinion-based by jww, Makyen, TylerH, david, Billal Begueradj Dec 24 '18 at 5:14


Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise. If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.






closed as primarily opinion-based by jww, Makyen, TylerH, david, Billal Begueradj Dec 24 '18 at 5:14


Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise. If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.










  • 2




    I think 777 is too much freedom, because it includes all permissions for everyone.
    – Robo Robok
    Jun 4 '15 at 14:10










  • From the Laravel docs: Directories within the storage and the bootstrap/cache directories should be writable by your web server
    – joshuamabina
    Sep 25 '16 at 14:04








  • 1




    use fcgi and you can 755/644 for all (incl. public/storage)
    – Jeffz
    Mar 24 '18 at 2:11










  • Stack Overflow is a site for programming and development questions. You should use another site on the Stack Exchange network for this question.
    – jww
    Dec 23 '18 at 12:42










  • @jww agree could we move the question to serverfault instead of putting it on hold?
    – wp78de
    Dec 24 '18 at 7:27














  • 2




    I think 777 is too much freedom, because it includes all permissions for everyone.
    – Robo Robok
    Jun 4 '15 at 14:10










  • From the Laravel docs: Directories within the storage and the bootstrap/cache directories should be writable by your web server
    – joshuamabina
    Sep 25 '16 at 14:04








  • 1




    use fcgi and you can 755/644 for all (incl. public/storage)
    – Jeffz
    Mar 24 '18 at 2:11










  • Stack Overflow is a site for programming and development questions. You should use another site on the Stack Exchange network for this question.
    – jww
    Dec 23 '18 at 12:42










  • @jww agree could we move the question to serverfault instead of putting it on hold?
    – wp78de
    Dec 24 '18 at 7:27








2




2




I think 777 is too much freedom, because it includes all permissions for everyone.
– Robo Robok
Jun 4 '15 at 14:10




I think 777 is too much freedom, because it includes all permissions for everyone.
– Robo Robok
Jun 4 '15 at 14:10












From the Laravel docs: Directories within the storage and the bootstrap/cache directories should be writable by your web server
– joshuamabina
Sep 25 '16 at 14:04






From the Laravel docs: Directories within the storage and the bootstrap/cache directories should be writable by your web server
– joshuamabina
Sep 25 '16 at 14:04






1




1




use fcgi and you can 755/644 for all (incl. public/storage)
– Jeffz
Mar 24 '18 at 2:11




use fcgi and you can 755/644 for all (incl. public/storage)
– Jeffz
Mar 24 '18 at 2:11












Stack Overflow is a site for programming and development questions. You should use another site on the Stack Exchange network for this question.
– jww
Dec 23 '18 at 12:42




Stack Overflow is a site for programming and development questions. You should use another site on the Stack Exchange network for this question.
– jww
Dec 23 '18 at 12:42












@jww agree could we move the question to serverfault instead of putting it on hold?
– wp78de
Dec 24 '18 at 7:27




@jww agree could we move the question to serverfault instead of putting it on hold?
– wp78de
Dec 24 '18 at 7:27












13 Answers
13






active

oldest

votes


















344














Just to state the obvious for anyone viewing this discussion.... if you give any of your folders 777 permissions, you are allowing ANYONE to read, write and execute any file in that directory.... what this means is you have given ANYONE (any hacker or malicious person in the entire world) permission to upload ANY file, virus or any other file, and THEN execute that file...




IF YOU ARE SETTING YOUR FOLDER PERMISSIONS TO 777 YOU HAVE OPENED YOUR
SERVER TO ANYONE THAT CAN FIND THAT DIRECTORY. Clear enough??? :)




There are basically two ways to setup your ownership and permissions. Either you give yourself ownership or you make the webserver the owner of all files.



Webserver as owner (the way most people do it, and the Laravel doc's way):



assuming www-data (it could be something else) is your webserver user.




   sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory


if you do that, the webserver owns all the files, and is also the group, and you will have some problems uploading files or working with files via FTP, because your FTP client will be logged in as you, not your webserver, so add your user to the webserver user group:



  sudo usermod -a -G www-data ubuntu


Of course, this assumes your webserver is running as www-data (the Homestead default), and your user is ubuntu (it's vagrant if you are using Homestead).



Then you set all your directories to 755 and your files to 644...
SET file permissions



sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type f -exec chmod 644 {} ;


SET directory permissions



sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type d -exec chmod 755 {} ;


Your user as owner



I prefer to own all the directories and files (it makes working with everything much easier), so I do: 



sudo chown -R my-user:www-data /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory


Then I give both myself and the webserver permissions: 



sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type f -exec chmod 664 {} ;    

sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type d -exec chmod 775 {} ;


Then give the webserver the rights to read and write to storage and cache



Whichever way you set it up, then you need to give read and write permissions to the webserver for storage, cache and any other directories the webserver needs to upload or write too (depending on your situation), so run the commands from bashy above :



sudo chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache

sudo chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache


Now, you're secure and your website works, AND you can work with the files fairly easily






share|improve this answer



















  • 3




    Great example, if there is no www-data user, use apache:apache in place of www-data (on some distros)
    – Denis Solakovic
    Oct 6 '16 at 9:42






  • 7




    I think people misunderstand too much the anyone concept. Linux's anyone flag means any user, not any person. You still need server access.
    – Marco Aurélio Deleu
    Oct 8 '16 at 12:23






  • 1




    @andreshg112 The first www-data is name of the user, and the second www-data is the name of the group. So it means the owner is apache and (this-group) apache. Use www-data:www-data or add your user to that group. (CLI: useradd -G {group-name} username ), and than you can chown to username:www-group
    – Denis Solakovic
    Jan 26 '17 at 10:24






  • 2




    @fs_tigre I don't think there is much difference at all for security... except I guess that there are two users to guess passwords for instead of one, and of course I log in all the time with my user account, so if I did it in an insecure way (normal FTP and using a password for instance) it could compromise the site, but I only login in with Putty and SSH, and when I use FTP it's SFTP, so no issues at all. The commands suggested by bashy are recommended because they set the sticky bit, so if your webserver creates subdirectories they will have the same owner/permissions as the parent
    – bgies
    Apr 5 '17 at 3:24








  • 3




    I tried upvoting twice, didn't work @stackoverflow
    – noodles_ftw
    May 19 '17 at 15:27



















35














The permissions for the storage and vendor folders should stay at 775, for obvious security reasons.



However, both your computer and your server Apache need to be able to write in these folders. Ex: when you run commands like php artisan, your computer needs to write in the logs file in storage.



All you need to do is to give ownership of the folders to Apache : 



sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/vendor

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/storage


Then you need to add your computer (referenced by it's username) to the group to which the server Apache belongs. Like so : 



sudo usermod -a -G www-data userName


NOTE: Most frequently, groupName is www-data but in your case, replace it with _www






share|improve this answer



















  • 9




    +1 I like this approach. But I believe the chown commands should include the -R flag. Also, in laravel 5.1 and 5.2, instead of the vendor directory, you should give access to the bootstrap/cache directory.
    – Jason Wheeler
    May 24 '16 at 9:54










  • is there any way to test if this will work fine? I mean if the new log file is created in the storage/logs dir that would have correct permissions how I can check that?
    – Chaudhry Waqas
    Dec 26 '18 at 10:22



















12














Change the permissions for your project folder to enable read/write/exec for any user within the group owning the directory (which in your case is _www):



chmod -R 775 /path/to/your/project


Then add your OS X username to the _www group to allow it access to the directory:



sudo dseditgroup -o edit -a yourusername -t user _www





share|improve this answer























  • When I do dseditgroup provided by you, I'm getting an error: Username and password must be provided..
    – Robo Robok
    Jun 4 '15 at 9:11










  • My mistake, you need to run that command with a user that has appropriate permissions, so just add sudo at the beginning.
    – Bogdan
    Jun 4 '15 at 9:18












  • So do I need to change owner of those files to _www:_www or myuser:_www as well?
    – Robo Robok
    Jun 4 '15 at 9:26










  • You can leave it _www:_www, because 775 means any user in the group _www will have full permissions to read/write/exect in that folder, and you just added your username to that group.
    – Bogdan
    Jun 4 '15 at 9:28










  • Could you tell me one thing? What does it mean chown myuser:_www? I know the first one is the user and the second one is the group, but does it mean "this user AND ANYONE FROM this group" or "this user BUT ONLY IF HE BELONGS TO this group"?
    – Robo Robok
    Jun 4 '15 at 9:30



















9














We've run into many edge cases when setting up permissions for Laravel applications. We create a separate user account (deploy) for owning the Laravel application folder and executing Laravel commands from the CLI, and run the web server under www-data. One issue this causes is that the log file(s) may be owned by www-data or deploy, depending on who wrote to the log file first, obviously preventing the other user from writing to it in the future.



I've found that the only sane and secure solution is to use Linux ACLs. The goal of this solution is:




  1. To allow the user who owns/deploys the application read and write access to the Laravel application code (we use a user named deploy).

  2. To allow the www-data user read access to Laravel application code, but not write access.

  3. To prevent any other users from accessing the Laravel application code/data at all.

  4. To allow both the www-data user and the application user (deploy) write access to the storage folder, regardless of which user owns the file (so both deploy and www-data can write to the same log file for example).


We accomplish this as follows:




  1. All files within the application/ folder are created with the default umask of 0022, which results in folders having drwxr-xr-x permissions and files having -rw-r--r--.


  2. sudo chown -R deploy:deploy application/ (or simply deploy your application as the deploy user, which is what we do).


  3. chgrp www-data application/ to give the www-data group access to the application.


  4. chmod 750 application/ to allow the deploy user read/write, the www-data user read-only, and to remove all permissions to any other users.


  5. setfacl -Rdm u:www-data:rwx,u:deploy:rwx application/storage/ to set the default permissions on the storage/ folder and all subfolders. Any new folders/files created in the storage folder will inherit these permissions (rwx for both www-data and deploy).


  6. setfacl -Rm u:www-data:rwX,u:deploy:rwX application/storage/ to set the above permissions on any existing files/folders.






share|improve this answer































    6














    As posted already




    All you need to do is to give ownership of the folders to Apache :




    but I added -R for chown command:

    sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/vendor
    sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/storage






    share|improve this answer

















    • 2




      Why do we have to give permission to vendor directory? Storage make sense, to write to log files, etc. But vendor? why?
      – Ali Haris
      Sep 18 '16 at 5:37










    • As wrote above in some comment: "However, both your computer and your server Apache need to be able to write in these folders. Ex: when you run commands like php artisan, your computer needs to write in the logs file in storage."
      – Stanislav Potapenko
      Nov 15 '16 at 15:32










    • Error on mac: chown: www-data: illegal group name
      – Sunil Kumar
      Apr 6 '18 at 8:55










    • Please see stackoverflow.com/questions/8035939/…
      – Stanislav Potapenko
      Apr 18 '18 at 15:16



















    3














    Most folders should be normal "755" and files, "644"



    Laravel requires some folders to be writable for the web server user. You can use this command on unix based OSs.



    sudo chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache
    
sudo chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache





    share|improve this answer





























      3














      The solution posted by bgles is spot on for me in terms of correctly setting permissions initially (I use the second method), but it still has potential issues for Laravel.



      By default, Apache will create files with 644 permissions. So that's pretty much anything in storage/. So, if you delete the contents of storage/framework/views, then access a page through Apache you will find the cached view has been created like:



      -rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data 1005 Dec  6 09:40 969370d7664df9c5206b90cd7c2c79c2


      If you run "artisan serve" and access a different page, you will get different permissions because CLI PHP behaves differently from Apache:



      -rw-rw-r-- 1 user     www-data 16191 Dec  6 09:48 2a1683fac0674d6f8b0b54cbc8579f8e


      In itself this is no big deal as you will not be doing any of this in production. But if Apache creates a file that subsequently needs to be written by the user, it will fail. And this can apply to cache files, cached views and logs when deploying using a logged-in user and artisan. A facile example being "artisan cache:clear" which will fail to delete any cache files that are www-data:www-data 644.



      This can be partially mitigated by running artisan commands as www-data, so you'll be doing/scripting everything like:



      sudo -u www-data php artisan cache:clear


      Or you'll avoid the tediousness of this and add this to your .bash_aliases:



      alias art='sudo -u www-data php artisan'


      This is good enough and is not affecting security in any way. But on development machines, running testing and sanitation scripts makes this unwieldy, unless you want to set up aliases to use 'sudo -u www-data' to run phpunit and everything else you check your builds with that might cause files to be created.



      The solution is to follow the second part of bgles advice, and add the following to /etc/apache2/envvars, and restart (not reload) Apache:



      umask 002


      This will force Apache to create files as 664 by default. In itself, this can present a security risk. However, on the Laravel environments mostly being discussed here (Homestead, Vagrant, Ubuntu) the web server runs as user www-data under group www-data. So if you do not arbitrarily allow users to join www-data group, there should be no additional risk. If someone manages to break out of the webserver, they have www-data access level anyway so nothing is lost (though that's not the best attitude to have relating to security admittedly). So on production it's relatively safe, and on a single-user development machine, it's just not an issue.



      Ultimately as your user is in www-data group, and all directories containing these files are g+s (the file is always created under the group of the parent directory), anything created by the user or by www-data will be r/w for the other.



      And that's the aim here.



      edit



      On investigating the above approach to setting permissions further, it still looks good enough, but a few tweaks can help:



      By default, directories are 775 and files are 664 and all files have the owner and group of the user who just installed the framework. So assume we start from that point.



      cd /var/www/projectroot
      
sudo chmod 750 ./
      
sudo chgrp www-data ./


      First thing we do is block access to everyone else, and make the group to be www-data. Only the owner and members of www-data can access the directory.



      sudo chmod 2775 bootstrap/cache
      
sudo chgrp -R www-data bootstrap/cache


      To allow the webserver to create services.json and compiled.php, as suggested by the official Laravel installation guide. Setting the group sticky bit means these will be owned by the creator with a group of www-data.



      find storage -type d -exec sudo chmod 2775 {} ;
      
find storage -type f -exec sudo chmod 664 {} ;
      
sudo chgrp -R www-data storage


      We do the same thing with the storage folder to allow creation of cache, log, session and view files. We use find to explicitly set the directory permissions differently for directories and files. We didn't need to do this in bootstrap/cache as there aren't (normally) any sub-directories in there.



      You may need to reapply any executable flags, and delete vendor/* and reinstall composer dependencies to recreate links for phpunit et al, eg:



      chmod +x .git/hooks/*
      
rm vendor/*
      
composer install -o


      That's it. Except for the umask for Apache explained above, this is all that's required without making the whole projectroot writeable by www-data, which is what happens with other solutions. So it's marginally safer this way in that an intruder running as www-data has more limited write access.



      end edit



      Changes for Systemd



      This applies to the use of php-fpm, but maybe others too.



      The standard systemd service needs to be overridden, the umask set in the override.conf file, and the service restarted:



      sudo systemctl edit php7.0-fpm.service
      
Use:
      
    [Service]
      
    UMask=0002
      
Then:
      
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
      
sudo systemctl restart php7.0-fpm.service





      share|improve this answer































        2














        The Laravel 5.4 docs say:




        After installing Laravel, you may need to configure some permissions.
        Directories within the storage and the bootstrap/cache directories
        should be writable by your web server or Laravel will not run. If you
        are using the Homestead virtual machine, these permissions should
        already be set.




        There are a lot of answers on this page that mention using 777 permissions. Don't do that. You'd be exposing yourself to hackers.



        Instead, follow the suggestions by others about how to set permissions of 755 (or more restrictive). You may need to figure out which user your app is running as by running whoami in the terminal and then change ownership of certain directories using chown -R.



        If you do not have permission to use sudo as so many other answers require...



        Your server is probably a shared host such as Cloudways.



        (In my case, I had cloned my Laravel application into a second Cloudways server of mine, and it wasn't completely working because the permissions of the storage and bootstrap/cache directories were messed up.)



        I needed to use:



        Cloudways Platform > Server > Application Settings > Reset Permission



        Then I could run php artisan cache:clear in the terminal.






        share|improve this answer





























          1














          I decided to write my own script to ease some of the pain of setting up projects.



          Run the following inside your project root:



          wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/defaye/bootstrap-laravel/master/bootstrap.sh | sh


          Wait for the bootstrapping to complete and you're good to go.



          Review the script before use.






          share|improve this answer































            1














            I have installed laravel on EC2 instance and have spent 3 days to fix the permission error and at last fixed it.
            So I want to share this experience with other one.




            1. user problem
              When I logged in ec2 instance, my username is ec2-user and usergroup is ec2-user.
              And the website works under of httpd user: apache: apache
              so we should set the permission for apache.



            2. folder and file permission
              A. folder structure
              first, you should make sure that you have such folder structure like this under storage



              storage




              • framework


                • cache

                • sessions

                • views



              • logs
                The folder structure can be different according to the laravel version you use.
                my laravel version is 5.2 and you could find the appropriate structure according to your version.




            B. permission
            At first, I see the instructions to set 777 under storage to remove file_put_contents: failed to open stream error.
            So i setup permission 777 to storage
            chmod -R 777 storage
            But the error was not fixed.
            here, you should consider one: who writes files to storage/ sessions and views.
            That is not ec2-user, but apache.
            Yes, right.
            "apache" user writes file (session file, compiled view file) to the session and view folder.
            So you should give apache to write permission to these folder.
            By default: SELinux say the /var/www folder should be read-only by the apache deamon.



            So for this, we can set the selinux as 0:
            setenforce 0



            This can solve problem temporally, but this makes the mysql not working.
            so this is not so good solution.



            You can set a read-write context to the storage folder with: (remember to setenforce 1 to test it out)



            chcon -Rt httpd_sys_content_rw_t storage/


            Then your problem will be fixed.





            1. and don't forget this
              composer update
              php artisan cache:clear



              These commands will be useful after or before.



              I hope you save your time.
              Good luck. Hacken








            share|improve this answer





















            • Did you try to call a command line script from Web server? I am having issue as it does not print any output
              – Volatil3
              Apr 11 '18 at 10:48



















            0














            I had the following configuration:




            • NGINX (running user: nginx)

            • PHP-FPM


            And applied permissions correctly as @bgies suggested in the accepted answer. The problem in my case was the php-fpm's configured running user and group which was originally apache.



            If you're using NGINX with php-fpm, you should open php-fpm's config file:



            nano /etc/php-fpm.d/www.config


            And replace user and group options' value with one NGINX is configured to work with; in my case, both were nginx:



            ...
            ; Unix user/group of processes
            ; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
            ; will be used.
            ; RPM: apache Choosed to be able to access some dir as httpd
            user = nginx
            ; RPM: Keep a group allowed to write in log dir.
            group = nginx
            ...



            Save it and restart nginx and php-fpm services.






            share|improve this answer





























              0















              Add to composer.json




              "scripts": {
              
...
              
"post-install-cmd": [
              
      "chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache",
              
      "chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache"
              
    ]
              
...
              
}


              After composer update






              share|improve this answer























              • This is a bad answer. You should never ever need to use 777 for any folder if you've configured the webserver correctly. Using 777 opens up your server for any hacker to upload a file, and execute said file if they know where the folder exists.
                – mbozwood
                Nov 9 '18 at 9:34










              • Okay. What are you offering?
                – Davron Achilov
                Nov 9 '18 at 11:50










              • And if so, will it be right? chown -R $USER:www-data storage, chown -R $USER:www-data bootstrap/cache
                – Davron Achilov
                Nov 9 '18 at 11:52












              • See the correct answer, it contains all the necessary information that you can absolutely put in the post-update :)
                – mbozwood
                Nov 9 '18 at 13:19










              • Yes, I did not see.) Thank you
                – Davron Achilov
                Nov 9 '18 at 13:45



















              -1














              I found an even better solution to this.
              Its caused because php is running as another user by default.



              so to fix this do



              sudo nano /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf



              then edit the

              user = "put user that owns the directories"
              group = "put user that owns the directories"



              then:



              sudo systemctl reload php7.0-fpm






              share|improve this answer





















              • If the visitor to the webpage manages to break out of the webserver, they will now have the access rights of the "user that owns the directories". If that user is www-data, there is a limited amount of damage they can do, and this is why apache runs as a limited user. If that user is not so limited, they can do more damage. If that user has sudo rights, they can do much more damage.
                – markdwhite
                Nov 15 '17 at 4:09










              • It's the same deal with apache. BTW I run nignx like a big boy now
                – cecil merrel aka bringrainfire
                Nov 15 '17 at 17:31


















              13 Answers
              13






              active

              oldest

              votes








              13 Answers
              13






              active

              oldest

              votes









              active

              oldest

              votes






              active

              oldest

              votes









              344














              Just to state the obvious for anyone viewing this discussion.... if you give any of your folders 777 permissions, you are allowing ANYONE to read, write and execute any file in that directory.... what this means is you have given ANYONE (any hacker or malicious person in the entire world) permission to upload ANY file, virus or any other file, and THEN execute that file...




              IF YOU ARE SETTING YOUR FOLDER PERMISSIONS TO 777 YOU HAVE OPENED YOUR
              SERVER TO ANYONE THAT CAN FIND THAT DIRECTORY. Clear enough??? :)




              There are basically two ways to setup your ownership and permissions. Either you give yourself ownership or you make the webserver the owner of all files.



              Webserver as owner (the way most people do it, and the Laravel doc's way):



              assuming www-data (it could be something else) is your webserver user.




                 sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory


              if you do that, the webserver owns all the files, and is also the group, and you will have some problems uploading files or working with files via FTP, because your FTP client will be logged in as you, not your webserver, so add your user to the webserver user group:



                sudo usermod -a -G www-data ubuntu


              Of course, this assumes your webserver is running as www-data (the Homestead default), and your user is ubuntu (it's vagrant if you are using Homestead).



              Then you set all your directories to 755 and your files to 644...
              SET file permissions



              sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type f -exec chmod 644 {} ;


              SET directory permissions



              sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type d -exec chmod 755 {} ;


              Your user as owner



              I prefer to own all the directories and files (it makes working with everything much easier), so I do: 



              sudo chown -R my-user:www-data /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory


              Then I give both myself and the webserver permissions: 



              sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type f -exec chmod 664 {} ;    
              
sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type d -exec chmod 775 {} ;


              Then give the webserver the rights to read and write to storage and cache



              Whichever way you set it up, then you need to give read and write permissions to the webserver for storage, cache and any other directories the webserver needs to upload or write too (depending on your situation), so run the commands from bashy above :



              sudo chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache
              
sudo chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache


              Now, you're secure and your website works, AND you can work with the files fairly easily






              share|improve this answer



















              • 3




                Great example, if there is no www-data user, use apache:apache in place of www-data (on some distros)
                – Denis Solakovic
                Oct 6 '16 at 9:42






              • 7




                I think people misunderstand too much the anyone concept. Linux's anyone flag means any user, not any person. You still need server access.
                – Marco Aurélio Deleu
                Oct 8 '16 at 12:23






              • 1




                @andreshg112 The first www-data is name of the user, and the second www-data is the name of the group. So it means the owner is apache and (this-group) apache. Use www-data:www-data or add your user to that group. (CLI: useradd -G {group-name} username ), and than you can chown to username:www-group
                – Denis Solakovic
                Jan 26 '17 at 10:24






              • 2




                @fs_tigre I don't think there is much difference at all for security... except I guess that there are two users to guess passwords for instead of one, and of course I log in all the time with my user account, so if I did it in an insecure way (normal FTP and using a password for instance) it could compromise the site, but I only login in with Putty and SSH, and when I use FTP it's SFTP, so no issues at all. The commands suggested by bashy are recommended because they set the sticky bit, so if your webserver creates subdirectories they will have the same owner/permissions as the parent
                – bgies
                Apr 5 '17 at 3:24








              • 3




                I tried upvoting twice, didn't work @stackoverflow
                – noodles_ftw
                May 19 '17 at 15:27
















              344














              Just to state the obvious for anyone viewing this discussion.... if you give any of your folders 777 permissions, you are allowing ANYONE to read, write and execute any file in that directory.... what this means is you have given ANYONE (any hacker or malicious person in the entire world) permission to upload ANY file, virus or any other file, and THEN execute that file...




              IF YOU ARE SETTING YOUR FOLDER PERMISSIONS TO 777 YOU HAVE OPENED YOUR
              SERVER TO ANYONE THAT CAN FIND THAT DIRECTORY. Clear enough??? :)




              There are basically two ways to setup your ownership and permissions. Either you give yourself ownership or you make the webserver the owner of all files.



              Webserver as owner (the way most people do it, and the Laravel doc's way):



              assuming www-data (it could be something else) is your webserver user.




                 sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory


              if you do that, the webserver owns all the files, and is also the group, and you will have some problems uploading files or working with files via FTP, because your FTP client will be logged in as you, not your webserver, so add your user to the webserver user group:



                sudo usermod -a -G www-data ubuntu


              Of course, this assumes your webserver is running as www-data (the Homestead default), and your user is ubuntu (it's vagrant if you are using Homestead).



              Then you set all your directories to 755 and your files to 644...
              SET file permissions



              sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type f -exec chmod 644 {} ;


              SET directory permissions



              sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type d -exec chmod 755 {} ;


              Your user as owner



              I prefer to own all the directories and files (it makes working with everything much easier), so I do: 



              sudo chown -R my-user:www-data /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory


              Then I give both myself and the webserver permissions: 



              sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type f -exec chmod 664 {} ;    
              
sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type d -exec chmod 775 {} ;


              Then give the webserver the rights to read and write to storage and cache



              Whichever way you set it up, then you need to give read and write permissions to the webserver for storage, cache and any other directories the webserver needs to upload or write too (depending on your situation), so run the commands from bashy above :



              sudo chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache
              
sudo chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache


              Now, you're secure and your website works, AND you can work with the files fairly easily






              share|improve this answer



















              • 3




                Great example, if there is no www-data user, use apache:apache in place of www-data (on some distros)
                – Denis Solakovic
                Oct 6 '16 at 9:42






              • 7




                I think people misunderstand too much the anyone concept. Linux's anyone flag means any user, not any person. You still need server access.
                – Marco Aurélio Deleu
                Oct 8 '16 at 12:23






              • 1




                @andreshg112 The first www-data is name of the user, and the second www-data is the name of the group. So it means the owner is apache and (this-group) apache. Use www-data:www-data or add your user to that group. (CLI: useradd -G {group-name} username ), and than you can chown to username:www-group
                – Denis Solakovic
                Jan 26 '17 at 10:24






              • 2




                @fs_tigre I don't think there is much difference at all for security... except I guess that there are two users to guess passwords for instead of one, and of course I log in all the time with my user account, so if I did it in an insecure way (normal FTP and using a password for instance) it could compromise the site, but I only login in with Putty and SSH, and when I use FTP it's SFTP, so no issues at all. The commands suggested by bashy are recommended because they set the sticky bit, so if your webserver creates subdirectories they will have the same owner/permissions as the parent
                – bgies
                Apr 5 '17 at 3:24








              • 3




                I tried upvoting twice, didn't work @stackoverflow
                – noodles_ftw
                May 19 '17 at 15:27














              344












              344








              344






              Just to state the obvious for anyone viewing this discussion.... if you give any of your folders 777 permissions, you are allowing ANYONE to read, write and execute any file in that directory.... what this means is you have given ANYONE (any hacker or malicious person in the entire world) permission to upload ANY file, virus or any other file, and THEN execute that file...




              IF YOU ARE SETTING YOUR FOLDER PERMISSIONS TO 777 YOU HAVE OPENED YOUR
              SERVER TO ANYONE THAT CAN FIND THAT DIRECTORY. Clear enough??? :)




              There are basically two ways to setup your ownership and permissions. Either you give yourself ownership or you make the webserver the owner of all files.



              Webserver as owner (the way most people do it, and the Laravel doc's way):



              assuming www-data (it could be something else) is your webserver user.




                 sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory


              if you do that, the webserver owns all the files, and is also the group, and you will have some problems uploading files or working with files via FTP, because your FTP client will be logged in as you, not your webserver, so add your user to the webserver user group:



                sudo usermod -a -G www-data ubuntu


              Of course, this assumes your webserver is running as www-data (the Homestead default), and your user is ubuntu (it's vagrant if you are using Homestead).



              Then you set all your directories to 755 and your files to 644...
              SET file permissions



              sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type f -exec chmod 644 {} ;


              SET directory permissions



              sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type d -exec chmod 755 {} ;


              Your user as owner



              I prefer to own all the directories and files (it makes working with everything much easier), so I do: 



              sudo chown -R my-user:www-data /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory


              Then I give both myself and the webserver permissions: 



              sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type f -exec chmod 664 {} ;    
              
sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type d -exec chmod 775 {} ;


              Then give the webserver the rights to read and write to storage and cache



              Whichever way you set it up, then you need to give read and write permissions to the webserver for storage, cache and any other directories the webserver needs to upload or write too (depending on your situation), so run the commands from bashy above :



              sudo chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache
              
sudo chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache


              Now, you're secure and your website works, AND you can work with the files fairly easily






              share|improve this answer














              Just to state the obvious for anyone viewing this discussion.... if you give any of your folders 777 permissions, you are allowing ANYONE to read, write and execute any file in that directory.... what this means is you have given ANYONE (any hacker or malicious person in the entire world) permission to upload ANY file, virus or any other file, and THEN execute that file...




              IF YOU ARE SETTING YOUR FOLDER PERMISSIONS TO 777 YOU HAVE OPENED YOUR
              SERVER TO ANYONE THAT CAN FIND THAT DIRECTORY. Clear enough??? :)




              There are basically two ways to setup your ownership and permissions. Either you give yourself ownership or you make the webserver the owner of all files.



              Webserver as owner (the way most people do it, and the Laravel doc's way):



              assuming www-data (it could be something else) is your webserver user.




                 sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory


              if you do that, the webserver owns all the files, and is also the group, and you will have some problems uploading files or working with files via FTP, because your FTP client will be logged in as you, not your webserver, so add your user to the webserver user group:



                sudo usermod -a -G www-data ubuntu


              Of course, this assumes your webserver is running as www-data (the Homestead default), and your user is ubuntu (it's vagrant if you are using Homestead).



              Then you set all your directories to 755 and your files to 644...
              SET file permissions



              sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type f -exec chmod 644 {} ;


              SET directory permissions



              sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type d -exec chmod 755 {} ;


              Your user as owner



              I prefer to own all the directories and files (it makes working with everything much easier), so I do: 



              sudo chown -R my-user:www-data /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory


              Then I give both myself and the webserver permissions: 



              sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type f -exec chmod 664 {} ;    
              
sudo find /path/to/your/laravel/root/directory -type d -exec chmod 775 {} ;


              Then give the webserver the rights to read and write to storage and cache



              Whichever way you set it up, then you need to give read and write permissions to the webserver for storage, cache and any other directories the webserver needs to upload or write too (depending on your situation), so run the commands from bashy above :



              sudo chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache
              
sudo chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache


              Now, you're secure and your website works, AND you can work with the files fairly easily







              share|improve this answer














              share|improve this answer



              share|improve this answer








              edited Oct 24 '18 at 5:33

























              answered May 17 '16 at 2:57









              bgies

              4,69821111




              4,69821111








              • 3




                Great example, if there is no www-data user, use apache:apache in place of www-data (on some distros)
                – Denis Solakovic
                Oct 6 '16 at 9:42






              • 7




                I think people misunderstand too much the anyone concept. Linux's anyone flag means any user, not any person. You still need server access.
                – Marco Aurélio Deleu
                Oct 8 '16 at 12:23






              • 1




                @andreshg112 The first www-data is name of the user, and the second www-data is the name of the group. So it means the owner is apache and (this-group) apache. Use www-data:www-data or add your user to that group. (CLI: useradd -G {group-name} username ), and than you can chown to username:www-group
                – Denis Solakovic
                Jan 26 '17 at 10:24






              • 2




                @fs_tigre I don't think there is much difference at all for security... except I guess that there are two users to guess passwords for instead of one, and of course I log in all the time with my user account, so if I did it in an insecure way (normal FTP and using a password for instance) it could compromise the site, but I only login in with Putty and SSH, and when I use FTP it's SFTP, so no issues at all. The commands suggested by bashy are recommended because they set the sticky bit, so if your webserver creates subdirectories they will have the same owner/permissions as the parent
                – bgies
                Apr 5 '17 at 3:24








              • 3




                I tried upvoting twice, didn't work @stackoverflow
                – noodles_ftw
                May 19 '17 at 15:27














              • 3




                Great example, if there is no www-data user, use apache:apache in place of www-data (on some distros)
                – Denis Solakovic
                Oct 6 '16 at 9:42






              • 7




                I think people misunderstand too much the anyone concept. Linux's anyone flag means any user, not any person. You still need server access.
                – Marco Aurélio Deleu
                Oct 8 '16 at 12:23






              • 1




                @andreshg112 The first www-data is name of the user, and the second www-data is the name of the group. So it means the owner is apache and (this-group) apache. Use www-data:www-data or add your user to that group. (CLI: useradd -G {group-name} username ), and than you can chown to username:www-group
                – Denis Solakovic
                Jan 26 '17 at 10:24






              • 2




                @fs_tigre I don't think there is much difference at all for security... except I guess that there are two users to guess passwords for instead of one, and of course I log in all the time with my user account, so if I did it in an insecure way (normal FTP and using a password for instance) it could compromise the site, but I only login in with Putty and SSH, and when I use FTP it's SFTP, so no issues at all. The commands suggested by bashy are recommended because they set the sticky bit, so if your webserver creates subdirectories they will have the same owner/permissions as the parent
                – bgies
                Apr 5 '17 at 3:24








              • 3




                I tried upvoting twice, didn't work @stackoverflow
                – noodles_ftw
                May 19 '17 at 15:27








              3




              3




              Great example, if there is no www-data user, use apache:apache in place of www-data (on some distros)
              – Denis Solakovic
              Oct 6 '16 at 9:42




              Great example, if there is no www-data user, use apache:apache in place of www-data (on some distros)
              – Denis Solakovic
              Oct 6 '16 at 9:42




              7




              7




              I think people misunderstand too much the anyone concept. Linux's anyone flag means any user, not any person. You still need server access.
              – Marco Aurélio Deleu
              Oct 8 '16 at 12:23




              I think people misunderstand too much the anyone concept. Linux's anyone flag means any user, not any person. You still need server access.
              – Marco Aurélio Deleu
              Oct 8 '16 at 12:23




              1




              1




              @andreshg112 The first www-data is name of the user, and the second www-data is the name of the group. So it means the owner is apache and (this-group) apache. Use www-data:www-data or add your user to that group. (CLI: useradd -G {group-name} username ), and than you can chown to username:www-group
              – Denis Solakovic
              Jan 26 '17 at 10:24




              @andreshg112 The first www-data is name of the user, and the second www-data is the name of the group. So it means the owner is apache and (this-group) apache. Use www-data:www-data or add your user to that group. (CLI: useradd -G {group-name} username ), and than you can chown to username:www-group
              – Denis Solakovic
              Jan 26 '17 at 10:24




              2




              2




              @fs_tigre I don't think there is much difference at all for security... except I guess that there are two users to guess passwords for instead of one, and of course I log in all the time with my user account, so if I did it in an insecure way (normal FTP and using a password for instance) it could compromise the site, but I only login in with Putty and SSH, and when I use FTP it's SFTP, so no issues at all. The commands suggested by bashy are recommended because they set the sticky bit, so if your webserver creates subdirectories they will have the same owner/permissions as the parent
              – bgies
              Apr 5 '17 at 3:24






              @fs_tigre I don't think there is much difference at all for security... except I guess that there are two users to guess passwords for instead of one, and of course I log in all the time with my user account, so if I did it in an insecure way (normal FTP and using a password for instance) it could compromise the site, but I only login in with Putty and SSH, and when I use FTP it's SFTP, so no issues at all. The commands suggested by bashy are recommended because they set the sticky bit, so if your webserver creates subdirectories they will have the same owner/permissions as the parent
              – bgies
              Apr 5 '17 at 3:24






              3




              3




              I tried upvoting twice, didn't work @stackoverflow
              – noodles_ftw
              May 19 '17 at 15:27




              I tried upvoting twice, didn't work @stackoverflow
              – noodles_ftw
              May 19 '17 at 15:27













              35














              The permissions for the storage and vendor folders should stay at 775, for obvious security reasons.



              However, both your computer and your server Apache need to be able to write in these folders. Ex: when you run commands like php artisan, your computer needs to write in the logs file in storage.



              All you need to do is to give ownership of the folders to Apache : 



              sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/vendor
              
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/storage


              Then you need to add your computer (referenced by it's username) to the group to which the server Apache belongs. Like so : 



              sudo usermod -a -G www-data userName


              NOTE: Most frequently, groupName is www-data but in your case, replace it with _www






              share|improve this answer



















              • 9




                +1 I like this approach. But I believe the chown commands should include the -R flag. Also, in laravel 5.1 and 5.2, instead of the vendor directory, you should give access to the bootstrap/cache directory.
                – Jason Wheeler
                May 24 '16 at 9:54










              • is there any way to test if this will work fine? I mean if the new log file is created in the storage/logs dir that would have correct permissions how I can check that?
                – Chaudhry Waqas
                Dec 26 '18 at 10:22
















              35














              The permissions for the storage and vendor folders should stay at 775, for obvious security reasons.



              However, both your computer and your server Apache need to be able to write in these folders. Ex: when you run commands like php artisan, your computer needs to write in the logs file in storage.



              All you need to do is to give ownership of the folders to Apache : 



              sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/vendor
              
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/storage


              Then you need to add your computer (referenced by it's username) to the group to which the server Apache belongs. Like so : 



              sudo usermod -a -G www-data userName


              NOTE: Most frequently, groupName is www-data but in your case, replace it with _www






              share|improve this answer



















              • 9




                +1 I like this approach. But I believe the chown commands should include the -R flag. Also, in laravel 5.1 and 5.2, instead of the vendor directory, you should give access to the bootstrap/cache directory.
                – Jason Wheeler
                May 24 '16 at 9:54










              • is there any way to test if this will work fine? I mean if the new log file is created in the storage/logs dir that would have correct permissions how I can check that?
                – Chaudhry Waqas
                Dec 26 '18 at 10:22














              35












              35








              35






              The permissions for the storage and vendor folders should stay at 775, for obvious security reasons.



              However, both your computer and your server Apache need to be able to write in these folders. Ex: when you run commands like php artisan, your computer needs to write in the logs file in storage.



              All you need to do is to give ownership of the folders to Apache : 



              sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/vendor
              
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/storage


              Then you need to add your computer (referenced by it's username) to the group to which the server Apache belongs. Like so : 



              sudo usermod -a -G www-data userName


              NOTE: Most frequently, groupName is www-data but in your case, replace it with _www






              share|improve this answer














              The permissions for the storage and vendor folders should stay at 775, for obvious security reasons.



              However, both your computer and your server Apache need to be able to write in these folders. Ex: when you run commands like php artisan, your computer needs to write in the logs file in storage.



              All you need to do is to give ownership of the folders to Apache : 



              sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/vendor
              
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/storage


              Then you need to add your computer (referenced by it's username) to the group to which the server Apache belongs. Like so : 



              sudo usermod -a -G www-data userName


              NOTE: Most frequently, groupName is www-data but in your case, replace it with _www







              share|improve this answer














              share|improve this answer



              share|improve this answer








              edited Jul 19 '16 at 19:15









              Robin Hood

              341110




              341110










              answered Jun 10 '15 at 3:02









              BassMHL

              1,88922442




              1,88922442








              • 9




                +1 I like this approach. But I believe the chown commands should include the -R flag. Also, in laravel 5.1 and 5.2, instead of the vendor directory, you should give access to the bootstrap/cache directory.
                – Jason Wheeler
                May 24 '16 at 9:54










              • is there any way to test if this will work fine? I mean if the new log file is created in the storage/logs dir that would have correct permissions how I can check that?
                – Chaudhry Waqas
                Dec 26 '18 at 10:22














              • 9




                +1 I like this approach. But I believe the chown commands should include the -R flag. Also, in laravel 5.1 and 5.2, instead of the vendor directory, you should give access to the bootstrap/cache directory.
                – Jason Wheeler
                May 24 '16 at 9:54










              • is there any way to test if this will work fine? I mean if the new log file is created in the storage/logs dir that would have correct permissions how I can check that?
                – Chaudhry Waqas
                Dec 26 '18 at 10:22








              9




              9




              +1 I like this approach. But I believe the chown commands should include the -R flag. Also, in laravel 5.1 and 5.2, instead of the vendor directory, you should give access to the bootstrap/cache directory.
              – Jason Wheeler
              May 24 '16 at 9:54




              +1 I like this approach. But I believe the chown commands should include the -R flag. Also, in laravel 5.1 and 5.2, instead of the vendor directory, you should give access to the bootstrap/cache directory.
              – Jason Wheeler
              May 24 '16 at 9:54












              is there any way to test if this will work fine? I mean if the new log file is created in the storage/logs dir that would have correct permissions how I can check that?
              – Chaudhry Waqas
              Dec 26 '18 at 10:22




              is there any way to test if this will work fine? I mean if the new log file is created in the storage/logs dir that would have correct permissions how I can check that?
              – Chaudhry Waqas
              Dec 26 '18 at 10:22











              12














              Change the permissions for your project folder to enable read/write/exec for any user within the group owning the directory (which in your case is _www):



              chmod -R 775 /path/to/your/project


              Then add your OS X username to the _www group to allow it access to the directory:



              sudo dseditgroup -o edit -a yourusername -t user _www





              share|improve this answer























              • When I do dseditgroup provided by you, I'm getting an error: Username and password must be provided..
                – Robo Robok
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:11










              • My mistake, you need to run that command with a user that has appropriate permissions, so just add sudo at the beginning.
                – Bogdan
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:18












              • So do I need to change owner of those files to _www:_www or myuser:_www as well?
                – Robo Robok
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:26










              • You can leave it _www:_www, because 775 means any user in the group _www will have full permissions to read/write/exect in that folder, and you just added your username to that group.
                – Bogdan
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:28










              • Could you tell me one thing? What does it mean chown myuser:_www? I know the first one is the user and the second one is the group, but does it mean "this user AND ANYONE FROM this group" or "this user BUT ONLY IF HE BELONGS TO this group"?
                – Robo Robok
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:30
















              12














              Change the permissions for your project folder to enable read/write/exec for any user within the group owning the directory (which in your case is _www):



              chmod -R 775 /path/to/your/project


              Then add your OS X username to the _www group to allow it access to the directory:



              sudo dseditgroup -o edit -a yourusername -t user _www





              share|improve this answer























              • When I do dseditgroup provided by you, I'm getting an error: Username and password must be provided..
                – Robo Robok
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:11










              • My mistake, you need to run that command with a user that has appropriate permissions, so just add sudo at the beginning.
                – Bogdan
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:18












              • So do I need to change owner of those files to _www:_www or myuser:_www as well?
                – Robo Robok
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:26










              • You can leave it _www:_www, because 775 means any user in the group _www will have full permissions to read/write/exect in that folder, and you just added your username to that group.
                – Bogdan
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:28










              • Could you tell me one thing? What does it mean chown myuser:_www? I know the first one is the user and the second one is the group, but does it mean "this user AND ANYONE FROM this group" or "this user BUT ONLY IF HE BELONGS TO this group"?
                – Robo Robok
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:30














              12












              12








              12






              Change the permissions for your project folder to enable read/write/exec for any user within the group owning the directory (which in your case is _www):



              chmod -R 775 /path/to/your/project


              Then add your OS X username to the _www group to allow it access to the directory:



              sudo dseditgroup -o edit -a yourusername -t user _www





              share|improve this answer














              Change the permissions for your project folder to enable read/write/exec for any user within the group owning the directory (which in your case is _www):



              chmod -R 775 /path/to/your/project


              Then add your OS X username to the _www group to allow it access to the directory:



              sudo dseditgroup -o edit -a yourusername -t user _www






              share|improve this answer














              share|improve this answer



              share|improve this answer








              edited Jun 4 '15 at 9:18

























              answered Jun 4 '15 at 9:01









              Bogdan

              27k58595




              27k58595












              • When I do dseditgroup provided by you, I'm getting an error: Username and password must be provided..
                – Robo Robok
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:11










              • My mistake, you need to run that command with a user that has appropriate permissions, so just add sudo at the beginning.
                – Bogdan
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:18












              • So do I need to change owner of those files to _www:_www or myuser:_www as well?
                – Robo Robok
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:26










              • You can leave it _www:_www, because 775 means any user in the group _www will have full permissions to read/write/exect in that folder, and you just added your username to that group.
                – Bogdan
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:28










              • Could you tell me one thing? What does it mean chown myuser:_www? I know the first one is the user and the second one is the group, but does it mean "this user AND ANYONE FROM this group" or "this user BUT ONLY IF HE BELONGS TO this group"?
                – Robo Robok
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:30


















              • When I do dseditgroup provided by you, I'm getting an error: Username and password must be provided..
                – Robo Robok
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:11










              • My mistake, you need to run that command with a user that has appropriate permissions, so just add sudo at the beginning.
                – Bogdan
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:18












              • So do I need to change owner of those files to _www:_www or myuser:_www as well?
                – Robo Robok
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:26










              • You can leave it _www:_www, because 775 means any user in the group _www will have full permissions to read/write/exect in that folder, and you just added your username to that group.
                – Bogdan
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:28










              • Could you tell me one thing? What does it mean chown myuser:_www? I know the first one is the user and the second one is the group, but does it mean "this user AND ANYONE FROM this group" or "this user BUT ONLY IF HE BELONGS TO this group"?
                – Robo Robok
                Jun 4 '15 at 9:30
















              When I do dseditgroup provided by you, I'm getting an error: Username and password must be provided..
              – Robo Robok
              Jun 4 '15 at 9:11




              When I do dseditgroup provided by you, I'm getting an error: Username and password must be provided..
              – Robo Robok
              Jun 4 '15 at 9:11












              My mistake, you need to run that command with a user that has appropriate permissions, so just add sudo at the beginning.
              – Bogdan
              Jun 4 '15 at 9:18






              My mistake, you need to run that command with a user that has appropriate permissions, so just add sudo at the beginning.
              – Bogdan
              Jun 4 '15 at 9:18














              So do I need to change owner of those files to _www:_www or myuser:_www as well?
              – Robo Robok
              Jun 4 '15 at 9:26




              So do I need to change owner of those files to _www:_www or myuser:_www as well?
              – Robo Robok
              Jun 4 '15 at 9:26












              You can leave it _www:_www, because 775 means any user in the group _www will have full permissions to read/write/exect in that folder, and you just added your username to that group.
              – Bogdan
              Jun 4 '15 at 9:28




              You can leave it _www:_www, because 775 means any user in the group _www will have full permissions to read/write/exect in that folder, and you just added your username to that group.
              – Bogdan
              Jun 4 '15 at 9:28












              Could you tell me one thing? What does it mean chown myuser:_www? I know the first one is the user and the second one is the group, but does it mean "this user AND ANYONE FROM this group" or "this user BUT ONLY IF HE BELONGS TO this group"?
              – Robo Robok
              Jun 4 '15 at 9:30




              Could you tell me one thing? What does it mean chown myuser:_www? I know the first one is the user and the second one is the group, but does it mean "this user AND ANYONE FROM this group" or "this user BUT ONLY IF HE BELONGS TO this group"?
              – Robo Robok
              Jun 4 '15 at 9:30











              9














              We've run into many edge cases when setting up permissions for Laravel applications. We create a separate user account (deploy) for owning the Laravel application folder and executing Laravel commands from the CLI, and run the web server under www-data. One issue this causes is that the log file(s) may be owned by www-data or deploy, depending on who wrote to the log file first, obviously preventing the other user from writing to it in the future.



              I've found that the only sane and secure solution is to use Linux ACLs. The goal of this solution is:




              1. To allow the user who owns/deploys the application read and write access to the Laravel application code (we use a user named deploy).

              2. To allow the www-data user read access to Laravel application code, but not write access.

              3. To prevent any other users from accessing the Laravel application code/data at all.

              4. To allow both the www-data user and the application user (deploy) write access to the storage folder, regardless of which user owns the file (so both deploy and www-data can write to the same log file for example).


              We accomplish this as follows:




              1. All files within the application/ folder are created with the default umask of 0022, which results in folders having drwxr-xr-x permissions and files having -rw-r--r--.


              2. sudo chown -R deploy:deploy application/ (or simply deploy your application as the deploy user, which is what we do).


              3. chgrp www-data application/ to give the www-data group access to the application.


              4. chmod 750 application/ to allow the deploy user read/write, the www-data user read-only, and to remove all permissions to any other users.


              5. setfacl -Rdm u:www-data:rwx,u:deploy:rwx application/storage/ to set the default permissions on the storage/ folder and all subfolders. Any new folders/files created in the storage folder will inherit these permissions (rwx for both www-data and deploy).


              6. setfacl -Rm u:www-data:rwX,u:deploy:rwX application/storage/ to set the above permissions on any existing files/folders.






              share|improve this answer




























                9














                We've run into many edge cases when setting up permissions for Laravel applications. We create a separate user account (deploy) for owning the Laravel application folder and executing Laravel commands from the CLI, and run the web server under www-data. One issue this causes is that the log file(s) may be owned by www-data or deploy, depending on who wrote to the log file first, obviously preventing the other user from writing to it in the future.



                I've found that the only sane and secure solution is to use Linux ACLs. The goal of this solution is:




                1. To allow the user who owns/deploys the application read and write access to the Laravel application code (we use a user named deploy).

                2. To allow the www-data user read access to Laravel application code, but not write access.

                3. To prevent any other users from accessing the Laravel application code/data at all.

                4. To allow both the www-data user and the application user (deploy) write access to the storage folder, regardless of which user owns the file (so both deploy and www-data can write to the same log file for example).


                We accomplish this as follows:




                1. All files within the application/ folder are created with the default umask of 0022, which results in folders having drwxr-xr-x permissions and files having -rw-r--r--.


                2. sudo chown -R deploy:deploy application/ (or simply deploy your application as the deploy user, which is what we do).


                3. chgrp www-data application/ to give the www-data group access to the application.


                4. chmod 750 application/ to allow the deploy user read/write, the www-data user read-only, and to remove all permissions to any other users.


                5. setfacl -Rdm u:www-data:rwx,u:deploy:rwx application/storage/ to set the default permissions on the storage/ folder and all subfolders. Any new folders/files created in the storage folder will inherit these permissions (rwx for both www-data and deploy).


                6. setfacl -Rm u:www-data:rwX,u:deploy:rwX application/storage/ to set the above permissions on any existing files/folders.






                share|improve this answer


























                  9












                  9








                  9






                  We've run into many edge cases when setting up permissions for Laravel applications. We create a separate user account (deploy) for owning the Laravel application folder and executing Laravel commands from the CLI, and run the web server under www-data. One issue this causes is that the log file(s) may be owned by www-data or deploy, depending on who wrote to the log file first, obviously preventing the other user from writing to it in the future.



                  I've found that the only sane and secure solution is to use Linux ACLs. The goal of this solution is:




                  1. To allow the user who owns/deploys the application read and write access to the Laravel application code (we use a user named deploy).

                  2. To allow the www-data user read access to Laravel application code, but not write access.

                  3. To prevent any other users from accessing the Laravel application code/data at all.

                  4. To allow both the www-data user and the application user (deploy) write access to the storage folder, regardless of which user owns the file (so both deploy and www-data can write to the same log file for example).


                  We accomplish this as follows:




                  1. All files within the application/ folder are created with the default umask of 0022, which results in folders having drwxr-xr-x permissions and files having -rw-r--r--.


                  2. sudo chown -R deploy:deploy application/ (or simply deploy your application as the deploy user, which is what we do).


                  3. chgrp www-data application/ to give the www-data group access to the application.


                  4. chmod 750 application/ to allow the deploy user read/write, the www-data user read-only, and to remove all permissions to any other users.


                  5. setfacl -Rdm u:www-data:rwx,u:deploy:rwx application/storage/ to set the default permissions on the storage/ folder and all subfolders. Any new folders/files created in the storage folder will inherit these permissions (rwx for both www-data and deploy).


                  6. setfacl -Rm u:www-data:rwX,u:deploy:rwX application/storage/ to set the above permissions on any existing files/folders.






                  share|improve this answer














                  We've run into many edge cases when setting up permissions for Laravel applications. We create a separate user account (deploy) for owning the Laravel application folder and executing Laravel commands from the CLI, and run the web server under www-data. One issue this causes is that the log file(s) may be owned by www-data or deploy, depending on who wrote to the log file first, obviously preventing the other user from writing to it in the future.



                  I've found that the only sane and secure solution is to use Linux ACLs. The goal of this solution is:




                  1. To allow the user who owns/deploys the application read and write access to the Laravel application code (we use a user named deploy).

                  2. To allow the www-data user read access to Laravel application code, but not write access.

                  3. To prevent any other users from accessing the Laravel application code/data at all.

                  4. To allow both the www-data user and the application user (deploy) write access to the storage folder, regardless of which user owns the file (so both deploy and www-data can write to the same log file for example).


                  We accomplish this as follows:




                  1. All files within the application/ folder are created with the default umask of 0022, which results in folders having drwxr-xr-x permissions and files having -rw-r--r--.


                  2. sudo chown -R deploy:deploy application/ (or simply deploy your application as the deploy user, which is what we do).


                  3. chgrp www-data application/ to give the www-data group access to the application.


                  4. chmod 750 application/ to allow the deploy user read/write, the www-data user read-only, and to remove all permissions to any other users.


                  5. setfacl -Rdm u:www-data:rwx,u:deploy:rwx application/storage/ to set the default permissions on the storage/ folder and all subfolders. Any new folders/files created in the storage folder will inherit these permissions (rwx for both www-data and deploy).


                  6. setfacl -Rm u:www-data:rwX,u:deploy:rwX application/storage/ to set the above permissions on any existing files/folders.







                  share|improve this answer














                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer








                  edited Dec 21 '16 at 17:11

























                  answered Dec 21 '16 at 17:04









                  Chris Schwerdt

                  74167




                  74167























                      6














                      As posted already




                      All you need to do is to give ownership of the folders to Apache :




                      but I added -R for chown command:

                      sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/vendor
                      sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/storage






                      share|improve this answer

















                      • 2




                        Why do we have to give permission to vendor directory? Storage make sense, to write to log files, etc. But vendor? why?
                        – Ali Haris
                        Sep 18 '16 at 5:37










                      • As wrote above in some comment: "However, both your computer and your server Apache need to be able to write in these folders. Ex: when you run commands like php artisan, your computer needs to write in the logs file in storage."
                        – Stanislav Potapenko
                        Nov 15 '16 at 15:32










                      • Error on mac: chown: www-data: illegal group name
                        – Sunil Kumar
                        Apr 6 '18 at 8:55










                      • Please see stackoverflow.com/questions/8035939/…
                        – Stanislav Potapenko
                        Apr 18 '18 at 15:16
















                      6














                      As posted already




                      All you need to do is to give ownership of the folders to Apache :




                      but I added -R for chown command:

                      sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/vendor
                      sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/storage






                      share|improve this answer

















                      • 2




                        Why do we have to give permission to vendor directory? Storage make sense, to write to log files, etc. But vendor? why?
                        – Ali Haris
                        Sep 18 '16 at 5:37










                      • As wrote above in some comment: "However, both your computer and your server Apache need to be able to write in these folders. Ex: when you run commands like php artisan, your computer needs to write in the logs file in storage."
                        – Stanislav Potapenko
                        Nov 15 '16 at 15:32










                      • Error on mac: chown: www-data: illegal group name
                        – Sunil Kumar
                        Apr 6 '18 at 8:55










                      • Please see stackoverflow.com/questions/8035939/…
                        – Stanislav Potapenko
                        Apr 18 '18 at 15:16














                      6












                      6








                      6






                      As posted already




                      All you need to do is to give ownership of the folders to Apache :




                      but I added -R for chown command:

                      sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/vendor
                      sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/storage






                      share|improve this answer












                      As posted already




                      All you need to do is to give ownership of the folders to Apache :




                      but I added -R for chown command:

                      sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/vendor
                      sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /path/to/your/project/storage







                      share|improve this answer












                      share|improve this answer



                      share|improve this answer










                      answered Jun 1 '16 at 15:49









                      Stanislav Potapenko

                      14124




                      14124








                      • 2




                        Why do we have to give permission to vendor directory? Storage make sense, to write to log files, etc. But vendor? why?
                        – Ali Haris
                        Sep 18 '16 at 5:37










                      • As wrote above in some comment: "However, both your computer and your server Apache need to be able to write in these folders. Ex: when you run commands like php artisan, your computer needs to write in the logs file in storage."
                        – Stanislav Potapenko
                        Nov 15 '16 at 15:32










                      • Error on mac: chown: www-data: illegal group name
                        – Sunil Kumar
                        Apr 6 '18 at 8:55










                      • Please see stackoverflow.com/questions/8035939/…
                        – Stanislav Potapenko
                        Apr 18 '18 at 15:16














                      • 2




                        Why do we have to give permission to vendor directory? Storage make sense, to write to log files, etc. But vendor? why?
                        – Ali Haris
                        Sep 18 '16 at 5:37










                      • As wrote above in some comment: "However, both your computer and your server Apache need to be able to write in these folders. Ex: when you run commands like php artisan, your computer needs to write in the logs file in storage."
                        – Stanislav Potapenko
                        Nov 15 '16 at 15:32










                      • Error on mac: chown: www-data: illegal group name
                        – Sunil Kumar
                        Apr 6 '18 at 8:55










                      • Please see stackoverflow.com/questions/8035939/…
                        – Stanislav Potapenko
                        Apr 18 '18 at 15:16








                      2




                      2




                      Why do we have to give permission to vendor directory? Storage make sense, to write to log files, etc. But vendor? why?
                      – Ali Haris
                      Sep 18 '16 at 5:37




                      Why do we have to give permission to vendor directory? Storage make sense, to write to log files, etc. But vendor? why?
                      – Ali Haris
                      Sep 18 '16 at 5:37












                      As wrote above in some comment: "However, both your computer and your server Apache need to be able to write in these folders. Ex: when you run commands like php artisan, your computer needs to write in the logs file in storage."
                      – Stanislav Potapenko
                      Nov 15 '16 at 15:32




                      As wrote above in some comment: "However, both your computer and your server Apache need to be able to write in these folders. Ex: when you run commands like php artisan, your computer needs to write in the logs file in storage."
                      – Stanislav Potapenko
                      Nov 15 '16 at 15:32












                      Error on mac: chown: www-data: illegal group name
                      – Sunil Kumar
                      Apr 6 '18 at 8:55




                      Error on mac: chown: www-data: illegal group name
                      – Sunil Kumar
                      Apr 6 '18 at 8:55












                      Please see stackoverflow.com/questions/8035939/…
                      – Stanislav Potapenko
                      Apr 18 '18 at 15:16




                      Please see stackoverflow.com/questions/8035939/…
                      – Stanislav Potapenko
                      Apr 18 '18 at 15:16











                      3














                      Most folders should be normal "755" and files, "644"



                      Laravel requires some folders to be writable for the web server user. You can use this command on unix based OSs.



                      sudo chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache
                      
sudo chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache





                      share|improve this answer


























                        3














                        Most folders should be normal "755" and files, "644"



                        Laravel requires some folders to be writable for the web server user. You can use this command on unix based OSs.



                        sudo chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache
                        
sudo chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache





                        share|improve this answer
























                          3












                          3








                          3






                          Most folders should be normal "755" and files, "644"



                          Laravel requires some folders to be writable for the web server user. You can use this command on unix based OSs.



                          sudo chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache
                          
sudo chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache





                          share|improve this answer












                          Most folders should be normal "755" and files, "644"



                          Laravel requires some folders to be writable for the web server user. You can use this command on unix based OSs.



                          sudo chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache
                          
sudo chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache






                          share|improve this answer












                          share|improve this answer



                          share|improve this answer










                          answered Jun 6 '17 at 11:40









                          Siddharth Joshi

                          3414




                          3414























                              3














                              The solution posted by bgles is spot on for me in terms of correctly setting permissions initially (I use the second method), but it still has potential issues for Laravel.



                              By default, Apache will create files with 644 permissions. So that's pretty much anything in storage/. So, if you delete the contents of storage/framework/views, then access a page through Apache you will find the cached view has been created like:



                              -rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data 1005 Dec  6 09:40 969370d7664df9c5206b90cd7c2c79c2


                              If you run "artisan serve" and access a different page, you will get different permissions because CLI PHP behaves differently from Apache:



                              -rw-rw-r-- 1 user     www-data 16191 Dec  6 09:48 2a1683fac0674d6f8b0b54cbc8579f8e


                              In itself this is no big deal as you will not be doing any of this in production. But if Apache creates a file that subsequently needs to be written by the user, it will fail. And this can apply to cache files, cached views and logs when deploying using a logged-in user and artisan. A facile example being "artisan cache:clear" which will fail to delete any cache files that are www-data:www-data 644.



                              This can be partially mitigated by running artisan commands as www-data, so you'll be doing/scripting everything like:



                              sudo -u www-data php artisan cache:clear


                              Or you'll avoid the tediousness of this and add this to your .bash_aliases:



                              alias art='sudo -u www-data php artisan'


                              This is good enough and is not affecting security in any way. But on development machines, running testing and sanitation scripts makes this unwieldy, unless you want to set up aliases to use 'sudo -u www-data' to run phpunit and everything else you check your builds with that might cause files to be created.



                              The solution is to follow the second part of bgles advice, and add the following to /etc/apache2/envvars, and restart (not reload) Apache:



                              umask 002


                              This will force Apache to create files as 664 by default. In itself, this can present a security risk. However, on the Laravel environments mostly being discussed here (Homestead, Vagrant, Ubuntu) the web server runs as user www-data under group www-data. So if you do not arbitrarily allow users to join www-data group, there should be no additional risk. If someone manages to break out of the webserver, they have www-data access level anyway so nothing is lost (though that's not the best attitude to have relating to security admittedly). So on production it's relatively safe, and on a single-user development machine, it's just not an issue.



                              Ultimately as your user is in www-data group, and all directories containing these files are g+s (the file is always created under the group of the parent directory), anything created by the user or by www-data will be r/w for the other.



                              And that's the aim here.



                              edit



                              On investigating the above approach to setting permissions further, it still looks good enough, but a few tweaks can help:



                              By default, directories are 775 and files are 664 and all files have the owner and group of the user who just installed the framework. So assume we start from that point.



                              cd /var/www/projectroot
                              
sudo chmod 750 ./
                              
sudo chgrp www-data ./


                              First thing we do is block access to everyone else, and make the group to be www-data. Only the owner and members of www-data can access the directory.



                              sudo chmod 2775 bootstrap/cache
                              
sudo chgrp -R www-data bootstrap/cache


                              To allow the webserver to create services.json and compiled.php, as suggested by the official Laravel installation guide. Setting the group sticky bit means these will be owned by the creator with a group of www-data.



                              find storage -type d -exec sudo chmod 2775 {} ;
                              
find storage -type f -exec sudo chmod 664 {} ;
                              
sudo chgrp -R www-data storage


                              We do the same thing with the storage folder to allow creation of cache, log, session and view files. We use find to explicitly set the directory permissions differently for directories and files. We didn't need to do this in bootstrap/cache as there aren't (normally) any sub-directories in there.



                              You may need to reapply any executable flags, and delete vendor/* and reinstall composer dependencies to recreate links for phpunit et al, eg:



                              chmod +x .git/hooks/*
                              
rm vendor/*
                              
composer install -o


                              That's it. Except for the umask for Apache explained above, this is all that's required without making the whole projectroot writeable by www-data, which is what happens with other solutions. So it's marginally safer this way in that an intruder running as www-data has more limited write access.



                              end edit



                              Changes for Systemd



                              This applies to the use of php-fpm, but maybe others too.



                              The standard systemd service needs to be overridden, the umask set in the override.conf file, and the service restarted:



                              sudo systemctl edit php7.0-fpm.service
                              
Use:
                              
    [Service]
                              
    UMask=0002
                              
Then:
                              
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
                              
sudo systemctl restart php7.0-fpm.service





                              share|improve this answer




























                                3














                                The solution posted by bgles is spot on for me in terms of correctly setting permissions initially (I use the second method), but it still has potential issues for Laravel.



                                By default, Apache will create files with 644 permissions. So that's pretty much anything in storage/. So, if you delete the contents of storage/framework/views, then access a page through Apache you will find the cached view has been created like:



                                -rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data 1005 Dec  6 09:40 969370d7664df9c5206b90cd7c2c79c2


                                If you run "artisan serve" and access a different page, you will get different permissions because CLI PHP behaves differently from Apache:



                                -rw-rw-r-- 1 user     www-data 16191 Dec  6 09:48 2a1683fac0674d6f8b0b54cbc8579f8e


                                In itself this is no big deal as you will not be doing any of this in production. But if Apache creates a file that subsequently needs to be written by the user, it will fail. And this can apply to cache files, cached views and logs when deploying using a logged-in user and artisan. A facile example being "artisan cache:clear" which will fail to delete any cache files that are www-data:www-data 644.



                                This can be partially mitigated by running artisan commands as www-data, so you'll be doing/scripting everything like:



                                sudo -u www-data php artisan cache:clear


                                Or you'll avoid the tediousness of this and add this to your .bash_aliases:



                                alias art='sudo -u www-data php artisan'


                                This is good enough and is not affecting security in any way. But on development machines, running testing and sanitation scripts makes this unwieldy, unless you want to set up aliases to use 'sudo -u www-data' to run phpunit and everything else you check your builds with that might cause files to be created.



                                The solution is to follow the second part of bgles advice, and add the following to /etc/apache2/envvars, and restart (not reload) Apache:



                                umask 002


                                This will force Apache to create files as 664 by default. In itself, this can present a security risk. However, on the Laravel environments mostly being discussed here (Homestead, Vagrant, Ubuntu) the web server runs as user www-data under group www-data. So if you do not arbitrarily allow users to join www-data group, there should be no additional risk. If someone manages to break out of the webserver, they have www-data access level anyway so nothing is lost (though that's not the best attitude to have relating to security admittedly). So on production it's relatively safe, and on a single-user development machine, it's just not an issue.



                                Ultimately as your user is in www-data group, and all directories containing these files are g+s (the file is always created under the group of the parent directory), anything created by the user or by www-data will be r/w for the other.



                                And that's the aim here.



                                edit



                                On investigating the above approach to setting permissions further, it still looks good enough, but a few tweaks can help:



                                By default, directories are 775 and files are 664 and all files have the owner and group of the user who just installed the framework. So assume we start from that point.



                                cd /var/www/projectroot
                                
sudo chmod 750 ./
                                
sudo chgrp www-data ./


                                First thing we do is block access to everyone else, and make the group to be www-data. Only the owner and members of www-data can access the directory.



                                sudo chmod 2775 bootstrap/cache
                                
sudo chgrp -R www-data bootstrap/cache


                                To allow the webserver to create services.json and compiled.php, as suggested by the official Laravel installation guide. Setting the group sticky bit means these will be owned by the creator with a group of www-data.



                                find storage -type d -exec sudo chmod 2775 {} ;
                                
find storage -type f -exec sudo chmod 664 {} ;
                                
sudo chgrp -R www-data storage


                                We do the same thing with the storage folder to allow creation of cache, log, session and view files. We use find to explicitly set the directory permissions differently for directories and files. We didn't need to do this in bootstrap/cache as there aren't (normally) any sub-directories in there.



                                You may need to reapply any executable flags, and delete vendor/* and reinstall composer dependencies to recreate links for phpunit et al, eg:



                                chmod +x .git/hooks/*
                                
rm vendor/*
                                
composer install -o


                                That's it. Except for the umask for Apache explained above, this is all that's required without making the whole projectroot writeable by www-data, which is what happens with other solutions. So it's marginally safer this way in that an intruder running as www-data has more limited write access.



                                end edit



                                Changes for Systemd



                                This applies to the use of php-fpm, but maybe others too.



                                The standard systemd service needs to be overridden, the umask set in the override.conf file, and the service restarted:



                                sudo systemctl edit php7.0-fpm.service
                                
Use:
                                
    [Service]
                                
    UMask=0002
                                
Then:
                                
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
                                
sudo systemctl restart php7.0-fpm.service





                                share|improve this answer


























                                  3












                                  3








                                  3






                                  The solution posted by bgles is spot on for me in terms of correctly setting permissions initially (I use the second method), but it still has potential issues for Laravel.



                                  By default, Apache will create files with 644 permissions. So that's pretty much anything in storage/. So, if you delete the contents of storage/framework/views, then access a page through Apache you will find the cached view has been created like:



                                  -rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data 1005 Dec  6 09:40 969370d7664df9c5206b90cd7c2c79c2


                                  If you run "artisan serve" and access a different page, you will get different permissions because CLI PHP behaves differently from Apache:



                                  -rw-rw-r-- 1 user     www-data 16191 Dec  6 09:48 2a1683fac0674d6f8b0b54cbc8579f8e


                                  In itself this is no big deal as you will not be doing any of this in production. But if Apache creates a file that subsequently needs to be written by the user, it will fail. And this can apply to cache files, cached views and logs when deploying using a logged-in user and artisan. A facile example being "artisan cache:clear" which will fail to delete any cache files that are www-data:www-data 644.



                                  This can be partially mitigated by running artisan commands as www-data, so you'll be doing/scripting everything like:



                                  sudo -u www-data php artisan cache:clear


                                  Or you'll avoid the tediousness of this and add this to your .bash_aliases:



                                  alias art='sudo -u www-data php artisan'


                                  This is good enough and is not affecting security in any way. But on development machines, running testing and sanitation scripts makes this unwieldy, unless you want to set up aliases to use 'sudo -u www-data' to run phpunit and everything else you check your builds with that might cause files to be created.



                                  The solution is to follow the second part of bgles advice, and add the following to /etc/apache2/envvars, and restart (not reload) Apache:



                                  umask 002


                                  This will force Apache to create files as 664 by default. In itself, this can present a security risk. However, on the Laravel environments mostly being discussed here (Homestead, Vagrant, Ubuntu) the web server runs as user www-data under group www-data. So if you do not arbitrarily allow users to join www-data group, there should be no additional risk. If someone manages to break out of the webserver, they have www-data access level anyway so nothing is lost (though that's not the best attitude to have relating to security admittedly). So on production it's relatively safe, and on a single-user development machine, it's just not an issue.



                                  Ultimately as your user is in www-data group, and all directories containing these files are g+s (the file is always created under the group of the parent directory), anything created by the user or by www-data will be r/w for the other.



                                  And that's the aim here.



                                  edit



                                  On investigating the above approach to setting permissions further, it still looks good enough, but a few tweaks can help:



                                  By default, directories are 775 and files are 664 and all files have the owner and group of the user who just installed the framework. So assume we start from that point.



                                  cd /var/www/projectroot
                                  
sudo chmod 750 ./
                                  
sudo chgrp www-data ./


                                  First thing we do is block access to everyone else, and make the group to be www-data. Only the owner and members of www-data can access the directory.



                                  sudo chmod 2775 bootstrap/cache
                                  
sudo chgrp -R www-data bootstrap/cache


                                  To allow the webserver to create services.json and compiled.php, as suggested by the official Laravel installation guide. Setting the group sticky bit means these will be owned by the creator with a group of www-data.



                                  find storage -type d -exec sudo chmod 2775 {} ;
                                  
find storage -type f -exec sudo chmod 664 {} ;
                                  
sudo chgrp -R www-data storage


                                  We do the same thing with the storage folder to allow creation of cache, log, session and view files. We use find to explicitly set the directory permissions differently for directories and files. We didn't need to do this in bootstrap/cache as there aren't (normally) any sub-directories in there.



                                  You may need to reapply any executable flags, and delete vendor/* and reinstall composer dependencies to recreate links for phpunit et al, eg:



                                  chmod +x .git/hooks/*
                                  
rm vendor/*
                                  
composer install -o


                                  That's it. Except for the umask for Apache explained above, this is all that's required without making the whole projectroot writeable by www-data, which is what happens with other solutions. So it's marginally safer this way in that an intruder running as www-data has more limited write access.



                                  end edit



                                  Changes for Systemd



                                  This applies to the use of php-fpm, but maybe others too.



                                  The standard systemd service needs to be overridden, the umask set in the override.conf file, and the service restarted:



                                  sudo systemctl edit php7.0-fpm.service
                                  
Use:
                                  
    [Service]
                                  
    UMask=0002
                                  
Then:
                                  
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
                                  
sudo systemctl restart php7.0-fpm.service





                                  share|improve this answer














                                  The solution posted by bgles is spot on for me in terms of correctly setting permissions initially (I use the second method), but it still has potential issues for Laravel.



                                  By default, Apache will create files with 644 permissions. So that's pretty much anything in storage/. So, if you delete the contents of storage/framework/views, then access a page through Apache you will find the cached view has been created like:



                                  -rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data 1005 Dec  6 09:40 969370d7664df9c5206b90cd7c2c79c2


                                  If you run "artisan serve" and access a different page, you will get different permissions because CLI PHP behaves differently from Apache:



                                  -rw-rw-r-- 1 user     www-data 16191 Dec  6 09:48 2a1683fac0674d6f8b0b54cbc8579f8e


                                  In itself this is no big deal as you will not be doing any of this in production. But if Apache creates a file that subsequently needs to be written by the user, it will fail. And this can apply to cache files, cached views and logs when deploying using a logged-in user and artisan. A facile example being "artisan cache:clear" which will fail to delete any cache files that are www-data:www-data 644.



                                  This can be partially mitigated by running artisan commands as www-data, so you'll be doing/scripting everything like:



                                  sudo -u www-data php artisan cache:clear


                                  Or you'll avoid the tediousness of this and add this to your .bash_aliases:



                                  alias art='sudo -u www-data php artisan'


                                  This is good enough and is not affecting security in any way. But on development machines, running testing and sanitation scripts makes this unwieldy, unless you want to set up aliases to use 'sudo -u www-data' to run phpunit and everything else you check your builds with that might cause files to be created.



                                  The solution is to follow the second part of bgles advice, and add the following to /etc/apache2/envvars, and restart (not reload) Apache:



                                  umask 002


                                  This will force Apache to create files as 664 by default. In itself, this can present a security risk. However, on the Laravel environments mostly being discussed here (Homestead, Vagrant, Ubuntu) the web server runs as user www-data under group www-data. So if you do not arbitrarily allow users to join www-data group, there should be no additional risk. If someone manages to break out of the webserver, they have www-data access level anyway so nothing is lost (though that's not the best attitude to have relating to security admittedly). So on production it's relatively safe, and on a single-user development machine, it's just not an issue.



                                  Ultimately as your user is in www-data group, and all directories containing these files are g+s (the file is always created under the group of the parent directory), anything created by the user or by www-data will be r/w for the other.



                                  And that's the aim here.



                                  edit



                                  On investigating the above approach to setting permissions further, it still looks good enough, but a few tweaks can help:



                                  By default, directories are 775 and files are 664 and all files have the owner and group of the user who just installed the framework. So assume we start from that point.



                                  cd /var/www/projectroot
                                  
sudo chmod 750 ./
                                  
sudo chgrp www-data ./


                                  First thing we do is block access to everyone else, and make the group to be www-data. Only the owner and members of www-data can access the directory.



                                  sudo chmod 2775 bootstrap/cache
                                  
sudo chgrp -R www-data bootstrap/cache


                                  To allow the webserver to create services.json and compiled.php, as suggested by the official Laravel installation guide. Setting the group sticky bit means these will be owned by the creator with a group of www-data.



                                  find storage -type d -exec sudo chmod 2775 {} ;
                                  
find storage -type f -exec sudo chmod 664 {} ;
                                  
sudo chgrp -R www-data storage


                                  We do the same thing with the storage folder to allow creation of cache, log, session and view files. We use find to explicitly set the directory permissions differently for directories and files. We didn't need to do this in bootstrap/cache as there aren't (normally) any sub-directories in there.



                                  You may need to reapply any executable flags, and delete vendor/* and reinstall composer dependencies to recreate links for phpunit et al, eg:



                                  chmod +x .git/hooks/*
                                  
rm vendor/*
                                  
composer install -o


                                  That's it. Except for the umask for Apache explained above, this is all that's required without making the whole projectroot writeable by www-data, which is what happens with other solutions. So it's marginally safer this way in that an intruder running as www-data has more limited write access.



                                  end edit



                                  Changes for Systemd



                                  This applies to the use of php-fpm, but maybe others too.



                                  The standard systemd service needs to be overridden, the umask set in the override.conf file, and the service restarted:



                                  sudo systemctl edit php7.0-fpm.service
                                  
Use:
                                  
    [Service]
                                  
    UMask=0002
                                  
Then:
                                  
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
                                  
sudo systemctl restart php7.0-fpm.service






                                  share|improve this answer














                                  share|improve this answer



                                  share|improve this answer








                                  edited Nov 15 '17 at 4:02

























                                  answered Dec 6 '16 at 3:16









                                  markdwhite

                                  1,6521016




                                  1,6521016























                                      2














                                      The Laravel 5.4 docs say:




                                      After installing Laravel, you may need to configure some permissions.
                                      Directories within the storage and the bootstrap/cache directories
                                      should be writable by your web server or Laravel will not run. If you
                                      are using the Homestead virtual machine, these permissions should
                                      already be set.




                                      There are a lot of answers on this page that mention using 777 permissions. Don't do that. You'd be exposing yourself to hackers.



                                      Instead, follow the suggestions by others about how to set permissions of 755 (or more restrictive). You may need to figure out which user your app is running as by running whoami in the terminal and then change ownership of certain directories using chown -R.



                                      If you do not have permission to use sudo as so many other answers require...



                                      Your server is probably a shared host such as Cloudways.



                                      (In my case, I had cloned my Laravel application into a second Cloudways server of mine, and it wasn't completely working because the permissions of the storage and bootstrap/cache directories were messed up.)



                                      I needed to use:



                                      Cloudways Platform > Server > Application Settings > Reset Permission



                                      Then I could run php artisan cache:clear in the terminal.






                                      share|improve this answer


























                                        2














                                        The Laravel 5.4 docs say:




                                        After installing Laravel, you may need to configure some permissions.
                                        Directories within the storage and the bootstrap/cache directories
                                        should be writable by your web server or Laravel will not run. If you
                                        are using the Homestead virtual machine, these permissions should
                                        already be set.




                                        There are a lot of answers on this page that mention using 777 permissions. Don't do that. You'd be exposing yourself to hackers.



                                        Instead, follow the suggestions by others about how to set permissions of 755 (or more restrictive). You may need to figure out which user your app is running as by running whoami in the terminal and then change ownership of certain directories using chown -R.



                                        If you do not have permission to use sudo as so many other answers require...



                                        Your server is probably a shared host such as Cloudways.



                                        (In my case, I had cloned my Laravel application into a second Cloudways server of mine, and it wasn't completely working because the permissions of the storage and bootstrap/cache directories were messed up.)



                                        I needed to use:



                                        Cloudways Platform > Server > Application Settings > Reset Permission



                                        Then I could run php artisan cache:clear in the terminal.






                                        share|improve this answer
























                                          2












                                          2








                                          2






                                          The Laravel 5.4 docs say:




                                          After installing Laravel, you may need to configure some permissions.
                                          Directories within the storage and the bootstrap/cache directories
                                          should be writable by your web server or Laravel will not run. If you
                                          are using the Homestead virtual machine, these permissions should
                                          already be set.




                                          There are a lot of answers on this page that mention using 777 permissions. Don't do that. You'd be exposing yourself to hackers.



                                          Instead, follow the suggestions by others about how to set permissions of 755 (or more restrictive). You may need to figure out which user your app is running as by running whoami in the terminal and then change ownership of certain directories using chown -R.



                                          If you do not have permission to use sudo as so many other answers require...



                                          Your server is probably a shared host such as Cloudways.



                                          (In my case, I had cloned my Laravel application into a second Cloudways server of mine, and it wasn't completely working because the permissions of the storage and bootstrap/cache directories were messed up.)



                                          I needed to use:



                                          Cloudways Platform > Server > Application Settings > Reset Permission



                                          Then I could run php artisan cache:clear in the terminal.






                                          share|improve this answer












                                          The Laravel 5.4 docs say:




                                          After installing Laravel, you may need to configure some permissions.
                                          Directories within the storage and the bootstrap/cache directories
                                          should be writable by your web server or Laravel will not run. If you
                                          are using the Homestead virtual machine, these permissions should
                                          already be set.




                                          There are a lot of answers on this page that mention using 777 permissions. Don't do that. You'd be exposing yourself to hackers.



                                          Instead, follow the suggestions by others about how to set permissions of 755 (or more restrictive). You may need to figure out which user your app is running as by running whoami in the terminal and then change ownership of certain directories using chown -R.



                                          If you do not have permission to use sudo as so many other answers require...



                                          Your server is probably a shared host such as Cloudways.



                                          (In my case, I had cloned my Laravel application into a second Cloudways server of mine, and it wasn't completely working because the permissions of the storage and bootstrap/cache directories were messed up.)



                                          I needed to use:



                                          Cloudways Platform > Server > Application Settings > Reset Permission



                                          Then I could run php artisan cache:clear in the terminal.







                                          share|improve this answer












                                          share|improve this answer



                                          share|improve this answer










                                          answered May 26 '17 at 21:35









                                          Ryan

                                          8,922766151




                                          8,922766151























                                              1














                                              I decided to write my own script to ease some of the pain of setting up projects.



                                              Run the following inside your project root:



                                              wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/defaye/bootstrap-laravel/master/bootstrap.sh | sh


                                              Wait for the bootstrapping to complete and you're good to go.



                                              Review the script before use.






                                              share|improve this answer




























                                                1














                                                I decided to write my own script to ease some of the pain of setting up projects.



                                                Run the following inside your project root:



                                                wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/defaye/bootstrap-laravel/master/bootstrap.sh | sh


                                                Wait for the bootstrapping to complete and you're good to go.



                                                Review the script before use.






                                                share|improve this answer


























                                                  1












                                                  1








                                                  1






                                                  I decided to write my own script to ease some of the pain of setting up projects.



                                                  Run the following inside your project root:



                                                  wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/defaye/bootstrap-laravel/master/bootstrap.sh | sh


                                                  Wait for the bootstrapping to complete and you're good to go.



                                                  Review the script before use.






                                                  share|improve this answer














                                                  I decided to write my own script to ease some of the pain of setting up projects.



                                                  Run the following inside your project root:



                                                  wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/defaye/bootstrap-laravel/master/bootstrap.sh | sh


                                                  Wait for the bootstrapping to complete and you're good to go.



                                                  Review the script before use.







                                                  share|improve this answer














                                                  share|improve this answer



                                                  share|improve this answer








                                                  edited Mar 10 '17 at 22:43

























                                                  answered Mar 10 '17 at 22:30









                                                  Jonathan

                                                  4,55773149




                                                  4,55773149























                                                      1














                                                      I have installed laravel on EC2 instance and have spent 3 days to fix the permission error and at last fixed it.
                                                      So I want to share this experience with other one.




                                                      1. user problem
                                                        When I logged in ec2 instance, my username is ec2-user and usergroup is ec2-user.
                                                        And the website works under of httpd user: apache: apache
                                                        so we should set the permission for apache.



                                                      2. folder and file permission
                                                        A. folder structure
                                                        first, you should make sure that you have such folder structure like this under storage



                                                        storage




                                                        • framework


                                                          • cache

                                                          • sessions

                                                          • views



                                                        • logs
                                                          The folder structure can be different according to the laravel version you use.
                                                          my laravel version is 5.2 and you could find the appropriate structure according to your version.




                                                      B. permission
                                                      At first, I see the instructions to set 777 under storage to remove file_put_contents: failed to open stream error.
                                                      So i setup permission 777 to storage
                                                      chmod -R 777 storage
                                                      But the error was not fixed.
                                                      here, you should consider one: who writes files to storage/ sessions and views.
                                                      That is not ec2-user, but apache.
                                                      Yes, right.
                                                      "apache" user writes file (session file, compiled view file) to the session and view folder.
                                                      So you should give apache to write permission to these folder.
                                                      By default: SELinux say the /var/www folder should be read-only by the apache deamon.



                                                      So for this, we can set the selinux as 0:
                                                      setenforce 0



                                                      This can solve problem temporally, but this makes the mysql not working.
                                                      so this is not so good solution.



                                                      You can set a read-write context to the storage folder with: (remember to setenforce 1 to test it out)



                                                      chcon -Rt httpd_sys_content_rw_t storage/


                                                      Then your problem will be fixed.





                                                      1. and don't forget this
                                                        composer update
                                                        php artisan cache:clear



                                                        These commands will be useful after or before.



                                                        I hope you save your time.
                                                        Good luck. Hacken








                                                      share|improve this answer





















                                                      • Did you try to call a command line script from Web server? I am having issue as it does not print any output
                                                        – Volatil3
                                                        Apr 11 '18 at 10:48
















                                                      1














                                                      I have installed laravel on EC2 instance and have spent 3 days to fix the permission error and at last fixed it.
                                                      So I want to share this experience with other one.




                                                      1. user problem
                                                        When I logged in ec2 instance, my username is ec2-user and usergroup is ec2-user.
                                                        And the website works under of httpd user: apache: apache
                                                        so we should set the permission for apache.



                                                      2. folder and file permission
                                                        A. folder structure
                                                        first, you should make sure that you have such folder structure like this under storage



                                                        storage




                                                        • framework


                                                          • cache

                                                          • sessions

                                                          • views



                                                        • logs
                                                          The folder structure can be different according to the laravel version you use.
                                                          my laravel version is 5.2 and you could find the appropriate structure according to your version.




                                                      B. permission
                                                      At first, I see the instructions to set 777 under storage to remove file_put_contents: failed to open stream error.
                                                      So i setup permission 777 to storage
                                                      chmod -R 777 storage
                                                      But the error was not fixed.
                                                      here, you should consider one: who writes files to storage/ sessions and views.
                                                      That is not ec2-user, but apache.
                                                      Yes, right.
                                                      "apache" user writes file (session file, compiled view file) to the session and view folder.
                                                      So you should give apache to write permission to these folder.
                                                      By default: SELinux say the /var/www folder should be read-only by the apache deamon.



                                                      So for this, we can set the selinux as 0:
                                                      setenforce 0



                                                      This can solve problem temporally, but this makes the mysql not working.
                                                      so this is not so good solution.



                                                      You can set a read-write context to the storage folder with: (remember to setenforce 1 to test it out)



                                                      chcon -Rt httpd_sys_content_rw_t storage/


                                                      Then your problem will be fixed.





                                                      1. and don't forget this
                                                        composer update
                                                        php artisan cache:clear



                                                        These commands will be useful after or before.



                                                        I hope you save your time.
                                                        Good luck. Hacken








                                                      share|improve this answer





















                                                      • Did you try to call a command line script from Web server? I am having issue as it does not print any output
                                                        – Volatil3
                                                        Apr 11 '18 at 10:48














                                                      1












                                                      1








                                                      1






                                                      I have installed laravel on EC2 instance and have spent 3 days to fix the permission error and at last fixed it.
                                                      So I want to share this experience with other one.




                                                      1. user problem
                                                        When I logged in ec2 instance, my username is ec2-user and usergroup is ec2-user.
                                                        And the website works under of httpd user: apache: apache
                                                        so we should set the permission for apache.



                                                      2. folder and file permission
                                                        A. folder structure
                                                        first, you should make sure that you have such folder structure like this under storage



                                                        storage




                                                        • framework


                                                          • cache

                                                          • sessions

                                                          • views



                                                        • logs
                                                          The folder structure can be different according to the laravel version you use.
                                                          my laravel version is 5.2 and you could find the appropriate structure according to your version.




                                                      B. permission
                                                      At first, I see the instructions to set 777 under storage to remove file_put_contents: failed to open stream error.
                                                      So i setup permission 777 to storage
                                                      chmod -R 777 storage
                                                      But the error was not fixed.
                                                      here, you should consider one: who writes files to storage/ sessions and views.
                                                      That is not ec2-user, but apache.
                                                      Yes, right.
                                                      "apache" user writes file (session file, compiled view file) to the session and view folder.
                                                      So you should give apache to write permission to these folder.
                                                      By default: SELinux say the /var/www folder should be read-only by the apache deamon.



                                                      So for this, we can set the selinux as 0:
                                                      setenforce 0



                                                      This can solve problem temporally, but this makes the mysql not working.
                                                      so this is not so good solution.



                                                      You can set a read-write context to the storage folder with: (remember to setenforce 1 to test it out)



                                                      chcon -Rt httpd_sys_content_rw_t storage/


                                                      Then your problem will be fixed.





                                                      1. and don't forget this
                                                        composer update
                                                        php artisan cache:clear



                                                        These commands will be useful after or before.



                                                        I hope you save your time.
                                                        Good luck. Hacken








                                                      share|improve this answer












                                                      I have installed laravel on EC2 instance and have spent 3 days to fix the permission error and at last fixed it.
                                                      So I want to share this experience with other one.




                                                      1. user problem
                                                        When I logged in ec2 instance, my username is ec2-user and usergroup is ec2-user.
                                                        And the website works under of httpd user: apache: apache
                                                        so we should set the permission for apache.



                                                      2. folder and file permission
                                                        A. folder structure
                                                        first, you should make sure that you have such folder structure like this under storage



                                                        storage




                                                        • framework


                                                          • cache

                                                          • sessions

                                                          • views



                                                        • logs
                                                          The folder structure can be different according to the laravel version you use.
                                                          my laravel version is 5.2 and you could find the appropriate structure according to your version.




                                                      B. permission
                                                      At first, I see the instructions to set 777 under storage to remove file_put_contents: failed to open stream error.
                                                      So i setup permission 777 to storage
                                                      chmod -R 777 storage
                                                      But the error was not fixed.
                                                      here, you should consider one: who writes files to storage/ sessions and views.
                                                      That is not ec2-user, but apache.
                                                      Yes, right.
                                                      "apache" user writes file (session file, compiled view file) to the session and view folder.
                                                      So you should give apache to write permission to these folder.
                                                      By default: SELinux say the /var/www folder should be read-only by the apache deamon.



                                                      So for this, we can set the selinux as 0:
                                                      setenforce 0



                                                      This can solve problem temporally, but this makes the mysql not working.
                                                      so this is not so good solution.



                                                      You can set a read-write context to the storage folder with: (remember to setenforce 1 to test it out)



                                                      chcon -Rt httpd_sys_content_rw_t storage/


                                                      Then your problem will be fixed.





                                                      1. and don't forget this
                                                        composer update
                                                        php artisan cache:clear



                                                        These commands will be useful after or before.



                                                        I hope you save your time.
                                                        Good luck. Hacken









                                                      share|improve this answer












                                                      share|improve this answer



                                                      share|improve this answer










                                                      answered Jul 15 '17 at 10:47









                                                      Hacken Lee

                                                      192




                                                      192












                                                      • Did you try to call a command line script from Web server? I am having issue as it does not print any output
                                                        – Volatil3
                                                        Apr 11 '18 at 10:48


















                                                      • Did you try to call a command line script from Web server? I am having issue as it does not print any output
                                                        – Volatil3
                                                        Apr 11 '18 at 10:48
















                                                      Did you try to call a command line script from Web server? I am having issue as it does not print any output
                                                      – Volatil3
                                                      Apr 11 '18 at 10:48




                                                      Did you try to call a command line script from Web server? I am having issue as it does not print any output
                                                      – Volatil3
                                                      Apr 11 '18 at 10:48











                                                      0














                                                      I had the following configuration:




                                                      • NGINX (running user: nginx)

                                                      • PHP-FPM


                                                      And applied permissions correctly as @bgies suggested in the accepted answer. The problem in my case was the php-fpm's configured running user and group which was originally apache.



                                                      If you're using NGINX with php-fpm, you should open php-fpm's config file:



                                                      nano /etc/php-fpm.d/www.config


                                                      And replace user and group options' value with one NGINX is configured to work with; in my case, both were nginx:



                                                      ...
                                                      ; Unix user/group of processes
                                                      ; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
                                                      ; will be used.
                                                      ; RPM: apache Choosed to be able to access some dir as httpd
                                                      user = nginx
                                                      ; RPM: Keep a group allowed to write in log dir.
                                                      group = nginx
                                                      ...



                                                      Save it and restart nginx and php-fpm services.






                                                      share|improve this answer


























                                                        0














                                                        I had the following configuration:




                                                        • NGINX (running user: nginx)

                                                        • PHP-FPM


                                                        And applied permissions correctly as @bgies suggested in the accepted answer. The problem in my case was the php-fpm's configured running user and group which was originally apache.



                                                        If you're using NGINX with php-fpm, you should open php-fpm's config file:



                                                        nano /etc/php-fpm.d/www.config


                                                        And replace user and group options' value with one NGINX is configured to work with; in my case, both were nginx:



                                                        ...
                                                        ; Unix user/group of processes
                                                        ; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
                                                        ; will be used.
                                                        ; RPM: apache Choosed to be able to access some dir as httpd
                                                        user = nginx
                                                        ; RPM: Keep a group allowed to write in log dir.
                                                        group = nginx
                                                        ...



                                                        Save it and restart nginx and php-fpm services.






                                                        share|improve this answer
























                                                          0












                                                          0








                                                          0






                                                          I had the following configuration:




                                                          • NGINX (running user: nginx)

                                                          • PHP-FPM


                                                          And applied permissions correctly as @bgies suggested in the accepted answer. The problem in my case was the php-fpm's configured running user and group which was originally apache.



                                                          If you're using NGINX with php-fpm, you should open php-fpm's config file:



                                                          nano /etc/php-fpm.d/www.config


                                                          And replace user and group options' value with one NGINX is configured to work with; in my case, both were nginx:



                                                          ...
                                                          ; Unix user/group of processes
                                                          ; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
                                                          ; will be used.
                                                          ; RPM: apache Choosed to be able to access some dir as httpd
                                                          user = nginx
                                                          ; RPM: Keep a group allowed to write in log dir.
                                                          group = nginx
                                                          ...



                                                          Save it and restart nginx and php-fpm services.






                                                          share|improve this answer












                                                          I had the following configuration:




                                                          • NGINX (running user: nginx)

                                                          • PHP-FPM


                                                          And applied permissions correctly as @bgies suggested in the accepted answer. The problem in my case was the php-fpm's configured running user and group which was originally apache.



                                                          If you're using NGINX with php-fpm, you should open php-fpm's config file:



                                                          nano /etc/php-fpm.d/www.config


                                                          And replace user and group options' value with one NGINX is configured to work with; in my case, both were nginx:



                                                          ...
                                                          ; Unix user/group of processes
                                                          ; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
                                                          ; will be used.
                                                          ; RPM: apache Choosed to be able to access some dir as httpd
                                                          user = nginx
                                                          ; RPM: Keep a group allowed to write in log dir.
                                                          group = nginx
                                                          ...



                                                          Save it and restart nginx and php-fpm services.







                                                          share|improve this answer












                                                          share|improve this answer



                                                          share|improve this answer










                                                          answered Nov 8 '18 at 12:34









                                                          Amirreza Nasiri

                                                          125110




                                                          125110























                                                              0















                                                              Add to composer.json




                                                              "scripts": {
                                                              
...
                                                              
"post-install-cmd": [
                                                              
      "chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache",
                                                              
      "chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache"
                                                              
    ]
                                                              
...
                                                              
}


                                                              After composer update






                                                              share|improve this answer























                                                              • This is a bad answer. You should never ever need to use 777 for any folder if you've configured the webserver correctly. Using 777 opens up your server for any hacker to upload a file, and execute said file if they know where the folder exists.
                                                                – mbozwood
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 9:34










                                                              • Okay. What are you offering?
                                                                – Davron Achilov
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 11:50










                                                              • And if so, will it be right? chown -R $USER:www-data storage, chown -R $USER:www-data bootstrap/cache
                                                                – Davron Achilov
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 11:52












                                                              • See the correct answer, it contains all the necessary information that you can absolutely put in the post-update :)
                                                                – mbozwood
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 13:19










                                                              • Yes, I did not see.) Thank you
                                                                – Davron Achilov
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 13:45
















                                                              0















                                                              Add to composer.json




                                                              "scripts": {
                                                              
...
                                                              
"post-install-cmd": [
                                                              
      "chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache",
                                                              
      "chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache"
                                                              
    ]
                                                              
...
                                                              
}


                                                              After composer update






                                                              share|improve this answer























                                                              • This is a bad answer. You should never ever need to use 777 for any folder if you've configured the webserver correctly. Using 777 opens up your server for any hacker to upload a file, and execute said file if they know where the folder exists.
                                                                – mbozwood
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 9:34










                                                              • Okay. What are you offering?
                                                                – Davron Achilov
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 11:50










                                                              • And if so, will it be right? chown -R $USER:www-data storage, chown -R $USER:www-data bootstrap/cache
                                                                – Davron Achilov
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 11:52












                                                              • See the correct answer, it contains all the necessary information that you can absolutely put in the post-update :)
                                                                – mbozwood
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 13:19










                                                              • Yes, I did not see.) Thank you
                                                                – Davron Achilov
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 13:45














                                                              0












                                                              0








                                                              0







                                                              Add to composer.json




                                                              "scripts": {
                                                              
...
                                                              
"post-install-cmd": [
                                                              
      "chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache",
                                                              
      "chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache"
                                                              
    ]
                                                              
...
                                                              
}


                                                              After composer update






                                                              share|improve this answer















                                                              Add to composer.json




                                                              "scripts": {
                                                              
...
                                                              
"post-install-cmd": [
                                                              
      "chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache",
                                                              
      "chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache"
                                                              
    ]
                                                              
...
                                                              
}


                                                              After composer update







                                                              share|improve this answer














                                                              share|improve this answer



                                                              share|improve this answer








                                                              edited Nov 14 '18 at 9:54

























                                                              answered Oct 9 '18 at 7:55









                                                              Davron Achilov

                                                              6615




                                                              6615












                                                              • This is a bad answer. You should never ever need to use 777 for any folder if you've configured the webserver correctly. Using 777 opens up your server for any hacker to upload a file, and execute said file if they know where the folder exists.
                                                                – mbozwood
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 9:34










                                                              • Okay. What are you offering?
                                                                – Davron Achilov
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 11:50










                                                              • And if so, will it be right? chown -R $USER:www-data storage, chown -R $USER:www-data bootstrap/cache
                                                                – Davron Achilov
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 11:52












                                                              • See the correct answer, it contains all the necessary information that you can absolutely put in the post-update :)
                                                                – mbozwood
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 13:19










                                                              • Yes, I did not see.) Thank you
                                                                – Davron Achilov
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 13:45


















                                                              • This is a bad answer. You should never ever need to use 777 for any folder if you've configured the webserver correctly. Using 777 opens up your server for any hacker to upload a file, and execute said file if they know where the folder exists.
                                                                – mbozwood
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 9:34










                                                              • Okay. What are you offering?
                                                                – Davron Achilov
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 11:50










                                                              • And if so, will it be right? chown -R $USER:www-data storage, chown -R $USER:www-data bootstrap/cache
                                                                – Davron Achilov
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 11:52












                                                              • See the correct answer, it contains all the necessary information that you can absolutely put in the post-update :)
                                                                – mbozwood
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 13:19










                                                              • Yes, I did not see.) Thank you
                                                                – Davron Achilov
                                                                Nov 9 '18 at 13:45
















                                                              This is a bad answer. You should never ever need to use 777 for any folder if you've configured the webserver correctly. Using 777 opens up your server for any hacker to upload a file, and execute said file if they know where the folder exists.
                                                              – mbozwood
                                                              Nov 9 '18 at 9:34




                                                              This is a bad answer. You should never ever need to use 777 for any folder if you've configured the webserver correctly. Using 777 opens up your server for any hacker to upload a file, and execute said file if they know where the folder exists.
                                                              – mbozwood
                                                              Nov 9 '18 at 9:34












                                                              Okay. What are you offering?
                                                              – Davron Achilov
                                                              Nov 9 '18 at 11:50




                                                              Okay. What are you offering?
                                                              – Davron Achilov
                                                              Nov 9 '18 at 11:50












                                                              And if so, will it be right? chown -R $USER:www-data storage, chown -R $USER:www-data bootstrap/cache
                                                              – Davron Achilov
                                                              Nov 9 '18 at 11:52






                                                              And if so, will it be right? chown -R $USER:www-data storage, chown -R $USER:www-data bootstrap/cache
                                                              – Davron Achilov
                                                              Nov 9 '18 at 11:52














                                                              See the correct answer, it contains all the necessary information that you can absolutely put in the post-update :)
                                                              – mbozwood
                                                              Nov 9 '18 at 13:19




                                                              See the correct answer, it contains all the necessary information that you can absolutely put in the post-update :)
                                                              – mbozwood
                                                              Nov 9 '18 at 13:19












                                                              Yes, I did not see.) Thank you
                                                              – Davron Achilov
                                                              Nov 9 '18 at 13:45




                                                              Yes, I did not see.) Thank you
                                                              – Davron Achilov
                                                              Nov 9 '18 at 13:45











                                                              -1














                                                              I found an even better solution to this.
                                                              Its caused because php is running as another user by default.



                                                              so to fix this do



                                                              sudo nano /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf



                                                              then edit the

                                                              user = "put user that owns the directories"
                                                              group = "put user that owns the directories"



                                                              then:



                                                              sudo systemctl reload php7.0-fpm






                                                              share|improve this answer





















                                                              • If the visitor to the webpage manages to break out of the webserver, they will now have the access rights of the "user that owns the directories". If that user is www-data, there is a limited amount of damage they can do, and this is why apache runs as a limited user. If that user is not so limited, they can do more damage. If that user has sudo rights, they can do much more damage.
                                                                – markdwhite
                                                                Nov 15 '17 at 4:09










                                                              • It's the same deal with apache. BTW I run nignx like a big boy now
                                                                – cecil merrel aka bringrainfire
                                                                Nov 15 '17 at 17:31
















                                                              -1














                                                              I found an even better solution to this.
                                                              Its caused because php is running as another user by default.



                                                              so to fix this do



                                                              sudo nano /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf



                                                              then edit the

                                                              user = "put user that owns the directories"
                                                              group = "put user that owns the directories"



                                                              then:



                                                              sudo systemctl reload php7.0-fpm






                                                              share|improve this answer





















                                                              • If the visitor to the webpage manages to break out of the webserver, they will now have the access rights of the "user that owns the directories". If that user is www-data, there is a limited amount of damage they can do, and this is why apache runs as a limited user. If that user is not so limited, they can do more damage. If that user has sudo rights, they can do much more damage.
                                                                – markdwhite
                                                                Nov 15 '17 at 4:09










                                                              • It's the same deal with apache. BTW I run nignx like a big boy now
                                                                – cecil merrel aka bringrainfire
                                                                Nov 15 '17 at 17:31














                                                              -1












                                                              -1








                                                              -1






                                                              I found an even better solution to this.
                                                              Its caused because php is running as another user by default.



                                                              so to fix this do



                                                              sudo nano /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf



                                                              then edit the

                                                              user = "put user that owns the directories"
                                                              group = "put user that owns the directories"



                                                              then:



                                                              sudo systemctl reload php7.0-fpm






                                                              share|improve this answer












                                                              I found an even better solution to this.
                                                              Its caused because php is running as another user by default.



                                                              so to fix this do



                                                              sudo nano /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf



                                                              then edit the

                                                              user = "put user that owns the directories"
                                                              group = "put user that owns the directories"



                                                              then:



                                                              sudo systemctl reload php7.0-fpm







                                                              share|improve this answer












                                                              share|improve this answer



                                                              share|improve this answer










                                                              answered Oct 18 '17 at 23:56









                                                              cecil merrel aka bringrainfire

                                                              486414




                                                              486414












                                                              • If the visitor to the webpage manages to break out of the webserver, they will now have the access rights of the "user that owns the directories". If that user is www-data, there is a limited amount of damage they can do, and this is why apache runs as a limited user. If that user is not so limited, they can do more damage. If that user has sudo rights, they can do much more damage.
                                                                – markdwhite
                                                                Nov 15 '17 at 4:09










                                                              • It's the same deal with apache. BTW I run nignx like a big boy now
                                                                – cecil merrel aka bringrainfire
                                                                Nov 15 '17 at 17:31


















                                                              • If the visitor to the webpage manages to break out of the webserver, they will now have the access rights of the "user that owns the directories". If that user is www-data, there is a limited amount of damage they can do, and this is why apache runs as a limited user. If that user is not so limited, they can do more damage. If that user has sudo rights, they can do much more damage.
                                                                – markdwhite
                                                                Nov 15 '17 at 4:09










                                                              • It's the same deal with apache. BTW I run nignx like a big boy now
                                                                – cecil merrel aka bringrainfire
                                                                Nov 15 '17 at 17:31
















                                                              If the visitor to the webpage manages to break out of the webserver, they will now have the access rights of the "user that owns the directories". If that user is www-data, there is a limited amount of damage they can do, and this is why apache runs as a limited user. If that user is not so limited, they can do more damage. If that user has sudo rights, they can do much more damage.
                                                              – markdwhite
                                                              Nov 15 '17 at 4:09




                                                              If the visitor to the webpage manages to break out of the webserver, they will now have the access rights of the "user that owns the directories". If that user is www-data, there is a limited amount of damage they can do, and this is why apache runs as a limited user. If that user is not so limited, they can do more damage. If that user has sudo rights, they can do much more damage.
                                                              – markdwhite
                                                              Nov 15 '17 at 4:09












                                                              It's the same deal with apache. BTW I run nignx like a big boy now
                                                              – cecil merrel aka bringrainfire
                                                              Nov 15 '17 at 17:31




                                                              It's the same deal with apache. BTW I run nignx like a big boy now
                                                              – cecil merrel aka bringrainfire
                                                              Nov 15 '17 at 17:31



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