郷試








郷試（きょうし、満州語：golotome simnembi）は、中国で行われた科挙の中の地方試験である。


唐や宋の時代には「郷貢」「解試」といった。明・清代では3年に一度、すなわち子・午・卯・酉の年の8月に省城で行われた。このため「秋闈」ともいう。3年に一度の正科のほかに新帝の即位など国家の慶事があったとき、特別に恩科と称して郷試がおこなわれることもあった。


試験の際には、朝廷から正副の主考官が派遣され、四書五経・策問（時事論述）・八股文などを試験した。郷試の行われる場所を貢院という。合格者を挙人といい、首席合格者を解元といった。


生員・貢生・監生に受験資格があったが、過失によって罷免された官吏・街頭芸人・妓館で働く者・父母の3年の喪が明けていない者は、受験を認められなかった。








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