Uniform convergence of $f_n(x) = n(x-1)e^{-nx}$












0












$begingroup$


I need to study the uniform convergence of



$f_n(x) = n(x-1)e^{-nx}$



on the interval $[0,+infty)$



I've shown that :




  • at $x =0$ $f_n(0)=-n xrightarrow{} -infty$


  • at $x =1$ $f_n(1)=0 xrightarrow{} 0$


  • for every $x neq 0$ we have that $f_n(x)xrightarrow{} 0$ for n $rightarrow$ + $infty$



It remains to prove the uniform convergence on the interval $[0,+infty)$. But at $0$ there isn't pointwise convergence and the function $f(x)=0$ is defined for every $x neq 0$. So in $[0,infty)$ there isn't uniform convergence?



Thanks in advance for any help.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    $f_n(0) = -n$ which is not bounded and hence not converging.
    $endgroup$
    – Will M.
    Jan 22 at 21:12










  • $begingroup$
    I'm pretty sure there is a mistake in the exercise and you should study uniform convergence in the open interval $(0,infty)$.
    $endgroup$
    – Mark
    Jan 22 at 21:13












  • $begingroup$
    indeed the next question of my exercise is studying the uniform convergence in $[1,infty]$. However i have to say that there isn't uniform convergence in $[0,+infty]$.
    $endgroup$
    – andrew
    Jan 22 at 21:20
















0












$begingroup$


I need to study the uniform convergence of



$f_n(x) = n(x-1)e^{-nx}$



on the interval $[0,+infty)$



I've shown that :




  • at $x =0$ $f_n(0)=-n xrightarrow{} -infty$


  • at $x =1$ $f_n(1)=0 xrightarrow{} 0$


  • for every $x neq 0$ we have that $f_n(x)xrightarrow{} 0$ for n $rightarrow$ + $infty$



It remains to prove the uniform convergence on the interval $[0,+infty)$. But at $0$ there isn't pointwise convergence and the function $f(x)=0$ is defined for every $x neq 0$. So in $[0,infty)$ there isn't uniform convergence?



Thanks in advance for any help.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    $f_n(0) = -n$ which is not bounded and hence not converging.
    $endgroup$
    – Will M.
    Jan 22 at 21:12










  • $begingroup$
    I'm pretty sure there is a mistake in the exercise and you should study uniform convergence in the open interval $(0,infty)$.
    $endgroup$
    – Mark
    Jan 22 at 21:13












  • $begingroup$
    indeed the next question of my exercise is studying the uniform convergence in $[1,infty]$. However i have to say that there isn't uniform convergence in $[0,+infty]$.
    $endgroup$
    – andrew
    Jan 22 at 21:20














0












0








0





$begingroup$


I need to study the uniform convergence of



$f_n(x) = n(x-1)e^{-nx}$



on the interval $[0,+infty)$



I've shown that :




  • at $x =0$ $f_n(0)=-n xrightarrow{} -infty$


  • at $x =1$ $f_n(1)=0 xrightarrow{} 0$


  • for every $x neq 0$ we have that $f_n(x)xrightarrow{} 0$ for n $rightarrow$ + $infty$



It remains to prove the uniform convergence on the interval $[0,+infty)$. But at $0$ there isn't pointwise convergence and the function $f(x)=0$ is defined for every $x neq 0$. So in $[0,infty)$ there isn't uniform convergence?



Thanks in advance for any help.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




I need to study the uniform convergence of



$f_n(x) = n(x-1)e^{-nx}$



on the interval $[0,+infty)$



I've shown that :




  • at $x =0$ $f_n(0)=-n xrightarrow{} -infty$


  • at $x =1$ $f_n(1)=0 xrightarrow{} 0$


  • for every $x neq 0$ we have that $f_n(x)xrightarrow{} 0$ for n $rightarrow$ + $infty$



It remains to prove the uniform convergence on the interval $[0,+infty)$. But at $0$ there isn't pointwise convergence and the function $f(x)=0$ is defined for every $x neq 0$. So in $[0,infty)$ there isn't uniform convergence?



Thanks in advance for any help.







real-analysis limits sequence-of-function






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Jan 22 at 21:27









JustDroppedIn

2,153420




2,153420










asked Jan 22 at 21:08









andrewandrew

698




698












  • $begingroup$
    $f_n(0) = -n$ which is not bounded and hence not converging.
    $endgroup$
    – Will M.
    Jan 22 at 21:12










  • $begingroup$
    I'm pretty sure there is a mistake in the exercise and you should study uniform convergence in the open interval $(0,infty)$.
    $endgroup$
    – Mark
    Jan 22 at 21:13












  • $begingroup$
    indeed the next question of my exercise is studying the uniform convergence in $[1,infty]$. However i have to say that there isn't uniform convergence in $[0,+infty]$.
    $endgroup$
    – andrew
    Jan 22 at 21:20


















  • $begingroup$
    $f_n(0) = -n$ which is not bounded and hence not converging.
    $endgroup$
    – Will M.
    Jan 22 at 21:12










  • $begingroup$
    I'm pretty sure there is a mistake in the exercise and you should study uniform convergence in the open interval $(0,infty)$.
    $endgroup$
    – Mark
    Jan 22 at 21:13












  • $begingroup$
    indeed the next question of my exercise is studying the uniform convergence in $[1,infty]$. However i have to say that there isn't uniform convergence in $[0,+infty]$.
    $endgroup$
    – andrew
    Jan 22 at 21:20
















$begingroup$
$f_n(0) = -n$ which is not bounded and hence not converging.
$endgroup$
– Will M.
Jan 22 at 21:12




$begingroup$
$f_n(0) = -n$ which is not bounded and hence not converging.
$endgroup$
– Will M.
Jan 22 at 21:12












$begingroup$
I'm pretty sure there is a mistake in the exercise and you should study uniform convergence in the open interval $(0,infty)$.
$endgroup$
– Mark
Jan 22 at 21:13






$begingroup$
I'm pretty sure there is a mistake in the exercise and you should study uniform convergence in the open interval $(0,infty)$.
$endgroup$
– Mark
Jan 22 at 21:13














$begingroup$
indeed the next question of my exercise is studying the uniform convergence in $[1,infty]$. However i have to say that there isn't uniform convergence in $[0,+infty]$.
$endgroup$
– andrew
Jan 22 at 21:20




$begingroup$
indeed the next question of my exercise is studying the uniform convergence in $[1,infty]$. However i have to say that there isn't uniform convergence in $[0,+infty]$.
$endgroup$
– andrew
Jan 22 at 21:20










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















1












$begingroup$

You are right, it does not converge uniformly on $[0,infty)$, since it does not even converge at point $0$. Observe that it is a sequence of continuous functions and if it converges uniformly, the limit is a continuous function. Now let's see if it can converge uniformly on $(0,infty)$. The only possible limit is the pointwise limit, which is the $0$ function. Now we want to show that $displaystyle{lim_{ntoinfty}sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|=0}$. But $displaystyle{sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|geqlim_{xto0^+}|f_n(x)|=n}$, hence the limit above is equal to $+infty$. Therefore the sequence does not converge uniformly on $(0,infty)$ either. Let's take some small $varepsilon>0$ and see if we can prove that $(f_n)$ converges uniformly on $[varepsilon,infty)$. We have that $displaystyle{sup_{xgeqvarepsilon}|f_n(x)|=|f_n(varepsilon)|}$ (take $varepsilonleq1$, it is easy to verify it). Now it is $|f_n(varepsilon)|to0$, therefore the convergence is uniform on $[varepsilon,infty)$ for any $varepsilon>0$, but not on $[0,infty)$, nor $(0,infty)$.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Can you explain in what way $sup_{x>0} |f_n(x)| geq |f_n(0)|=n$ is true? The maximal value is attained at $x=0$, so in the open interval any value $x>0$ will lead to a value $|f_n(x)|$ which is actually $< n$ regardless of how close I'm to $x=0$.
    $endgroup$
    – Diger
    Jan 22 at 21:50












  • $begingroup$
    @Diger Take any sequence $(x_m)subset (0,infty)$ converging to $0$. Obviously $sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|geq|f_n(x_m)|$ for any $m$. Take limits on this inequality as $mtoinfty$. The LHS is not affected by $m$. The RHS tends to $|f_n(0)|$ by the continuity of $f_n$.
    $endgroup$
    – JustDroppedIn
    Jan 22 at 21:58












  • $begingroup$
    Yes it is true for every finite $m$, but I'm not sure if the limit can be taken. Feels a bit weird, since in that case there is no interval/value left on the left hand side of $x_m$ :-/
    $endgroup$
    – Diger
    Jan 22 at 22:08












  • $begingroup$
    @diger the limit can be taken. It is true for every finite m, so let m get as large as it wants. that's exactly what a limit is
    $endgroup$
    – JustDroppedIn
    Jan 23 at 0:09











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1 Answer
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1












$begingroup$

You are right, it does not converge uniformly on $[0,infty)$, since it does not even converge at point $0$. Observe that it is a sequence of continuous functions and if it converges uniformly, the limit is a continuous function. Now let's see if it can converge uniformly on $(0,infty)$. The only possible limit is the pointwise limit, which is the $0$ function. Now we want to show that $displaystyle{lim_{ntoinfty}sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|=0}$. But $displaystyle{sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|geqlim_{xto0^+}|f_n(x)|=n}$, hence the limit above is equal to $+infty$. Therefore the sequence does not converge uniformly on $(0,infty)$ either. Let's take some small $varepsilon>0$ and see if we can prove that $(f_n)$ converges uniformly on $[varepsilon,infty)$. We have that $displaystyle{sup_{xgeqvarepsilon}|f_n(x)|=|f_n(varepsilon)|}$ (take $varepsilonleq1$, it is easy to verify it). Now it is $|f_n(varepsilon)|to0$, therefore the convergence is uniform on $[varepsilon,infty)$ for any $varepsilon>0$, but not on $[0,infty)$, nor $(0,infty)$.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Can you explain in what way $sup_{x>0} |f_n(x)| geq |f_n(0)|=n$ is true? The maximal value is attained at $x=0$, so in the open interval any value $x>0$ will lead to a value $|f_n(x)|$ which is actually $< n$ regardless of how close I'm to $x=0$.
    $endgroup$
    – Diger
    Jan 22 at 21:50












  • $begingroup$
    @Diger Take any sequence $(x_m)subset (0,infty)$ converging to $0$. Obviously $sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|geq|f_n(x_m)|$ for any $m$. Take limits on this inequality as $mtoinfty$. The LHS is not affected by $m$. The RHS tends to $|f_n(0)|$ by the continuity of $f_n$.
    $endgroup$
    – JustDroppedIn
    Jan 22 at 21:58












  • $begingroup$
    Yes it is true for every finite $m$, but I'm not sure if the limit can be taken. Feels a bit weird, since in that case there is no interval/value left on the left hand side of $x_m$ :-/
    $endgroup$
    – Diger
    Jan 22 at 22:08












  • $begingroup$
    @diger the limit can be taken. It is true for every finite m, so let m get as large as it wants. that's exactly what a limit is
    $endgroup$
    – JustDroppedIn
    Jan 23 at 0:09
















1












$begingroup$

You are right, it does not converge uniformly on $[0,infty)$, since it does not even converge at point $0$. Observe that it is a sequence of continuous functions and if it converges uniformly, the limit is a continuous function. Now let's see if it can converge uniformly on $(0,infty)$. The only possible limit is the pointwise limit, which is the $0$ function. Now we want to show that $displaystyle{lim_{ntoinfty}sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|=0}$. But $displaystyle{sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|geqlim_{xto0^+}|f_n(x)|=n}$, hence the limit above is equal to $+infty$. Therefore the sequence does not converge uniformly on $(0,infty)$ either. Let's take some small $varepsilon>0$ and see if we can prove that $(f_n)$ converges uniformly on $[varepsilon,infty)$. We have that $displaystyle{sup_{xgeqvarepsilon}|f_n(x)|=|f_n(varepsilon)|}$ (take $varepsilonleq1$, it is easy to verify it). Now it is $|f_n(varepsilon)|to0$, therefore the convergence is uniform on $[varepsilon,infty)$ for any $varepsilon>0$, but not on $[0,infty)$, nor $(0,infty)$.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Can you explain in what way $sup_{x>0} |f_n(x)| geq |f_n(0)|=n$ is true? The maximal value is attained at $x=0$, so in the open interval any value $x>0$ will lead to a value $|f_n(x)|$ which is actually $< n$ regardless of how close I'm to $x=0$.
    $endgroup$
    – Diger
    Jan 22 at 21:50












  • $begingroup$
    @Diger Take any sequence $(x_m)subset (0,infty)$ converging to $0$. Obviously $sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|geq|f_n(x_m)|$ for any $m$. Take limits on this inequality as $mtoinfty$. The LHS is not affected by $m$. The RHS tends to $|f_n(0)|$ by the continuity of $f_n$.
    $endgroup$
    – JustDroppedIn
    Jan 22 at 21:58












  • $begingroup$
    Yes it is true for every finite $m$, but I'm not sure if the limit can be taken. Feels a bit weird, since in that case there is no interval/value left on the left hand side of $x_m$ :-/
    $endgroup$
    – Diger
    Jan 22 at 22:08












  • $begingroup$
    @diger the limit can be taken. It is true for every finite m, so let m get as large as it wants. that's exactly what a limit is
    $endgroup$
    – JustDroppedIn
    Jan 23 at 0:09














1












1








1





$begingroup$

You are right, it does not converge uniformly on $[0,infty)$, since it does not even converge at point $0$. Observe that it is a sequence of continuous functions and if it converges uniformly, the limit is a continuous function. Now let's see if it can converge uniformly on $(0,infty)$. The only possible limit is the pointwise limit, which is the $0$ function. Now we want to show that $displaystyle{lim_{ntoinfty}sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|=0}$. But $displaystyle{sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|geqlim_{xto0^+}|f_n(x)|=n}$, hence the limit above is equal to $+infty$. Therefore the sequence does not converge uniformly on $(0,infty)$ either. Let's take some small $varepsilon>0$ and see if we can prove that $(f_n)$ converges uniformly on $[varepsilon,infty)$. We have that $displaystyle{sup_{xgeqvarepsilon}|f_n(x)|=|f_n(varepsilon)|}$ (take $varepsilonleq1$, it is easy to verify it). Now it is $|f_n(varepsilon)|to0$, therefore the convergence is uniform on $[varepsilon,infty)$ for any $varepsilon>0$, but not on $[0,infty)$, nor $(0,infty)$.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$



You are right, it does not converge uniformly on $[0,infty)$, since it does not even converge at point $0$. Observe that it is a sequence of continuous functions and if it converges uniformly, the limit is a continuous function. Now let's see if it can converge uniformly on $(0,infty)$. The only possible limit is the pointwise limit, which is the $0$ function. Now we want to show that $displaystyle{lim_{ntoinfty}sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|=0}$. But $displaystyle{sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|geqlim_{xto0^+}|f_n(x)|=n}$, hence the limit above is equal to $+infty$. Therefore the sequence does not converge uniformly on $(0,infty)$ either. Let's take some small $varepsilon>0$ and see if we can prove that $(f_n)$ converges uniformly on $[varepsilon,infty)$. We have that $displaystyle{sup_{xgeqvarepsilon}|f_n(x)|=|f_n(varepsilon)|}$ (take $varepsilonleq1$, it is easy to verify it). Now it is $|f_n(varepsilon)|to0$, therefore the convergence is uniform on $[varepsilon,infty)$ for any $varepsilon>0$, but not on $[0,infty)$, nor $(0,infty)$.







share|cite|improve this answer












share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer










answered Jan 22 at 21:17









JustDroppedInJustDroppedIn

2,153420




2,153420












  • $begingroup$
    Can you explain in what way $sup_{x>0} |f_n(x)| geq |f_n(0)|=n$ is true? The maximal value is attained at $x=0$, so in the open interval any value $x>0$ will lead to a value $|f_n(x)|$ which is actually $< n$ regardless of how close I'm to $x=0$.
    $endgroup$
    – Diger
    Jan 22 at 21:50












  • $begingroup$
    @Diger Take any sequence $(x_m)subset (0,infty)$ converging to $0$. Obviously $sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|geq|f_n(x_m)|$ for any $m$. Take limits on this inequality as $mtoinfty$. The LHS is not affected by $m$. The RHS tends to $|f_n(0)|$ by the continuity of $f_n$.
    $endgroup$
    – JustDroppedIn
    Jan 22 at 21:58












  • $begingroup$
    Yes it is true for every finite $m$, but I'm not sure if the limit can be taken. Feels a bit weird, since in that case there is no interval/value left on the left hand side of $x_m$ :-/
    $endgroup$
    – Diger
    Jan 22 at 22:08












  • $begingroup$
    @diger the limit can be taken. It is true for every finite m, so let m get as large as it wants. that's exactly what a limit is
    $endgroup$
    – JustDroppedIn
    Jan 23 at 0:09


















  • $begingroup$
    Can you explain in what way $sup_{x>0} |f_n(x)| geq |f_n(0)|=n$ is true? The maximal value is attained at $x=0$, so in the open interval any value $x>0$ will lead to a value $|f_n(x)|$ which is actually $< n$ regardless of how close I'm to $x=0$.
    $endgroup$
    – Diger
    Jan 22 at 21:50












  • $begingroup$
    @Diger Take any sequence $(x_m)subset (0,infty)$ converging to $0$. Obviously $sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|geq|f_n(x_m)|$ for any $m$. Take limits on this inequality as $mtoinfty$. The LHS is not affected by $m$. The RHS tends to $|f_n(0)|$ by the continuity of $f_n$.
    $endgroup$
    – JustDroppedIn
    Jan 22 at 21:58












  • $begingroup$
    Yes it is true for every finite $m$, but I'm not sure if the limit can be taken. Feels a bit weird, since in that case there is no interval/value left on the left hand side of $x_m$ :-/
    $endgroup$
    – Diger
    Jan 22 at 22:08












  • $begingroup$
    @diger the limit can be taken. It is true for every finite m, so let m get as large as it wants. that's exactly what a limit is
    $endgroup$
    – JustDroppedIn
    Jan 23 at 0:09
















$begingroup$
Can you explain in what way $sup_{x>0} |f_n(x)| geq |f_n(0)|=n$ is true? The maximal value is attained at $x=0$, so in the open interval any value $x>0$ will lead to a value $|f_n(x)|$ which is actually $< n$ regardless of how close I'm to $x=0$.
$endgroup$
– Diger
Jan 22 at 21:50






$begingroup$
Can you explain in what way $sup_{x>0} |f_n(x)| geq |f_n(0)|=n$ is true? The maximal value is attained at $x=0$, so in the open interval any value $x>0$ will lead to a value $|f_n(x)|$ which is actually $< n$ regardless of how close I'm to $x=0$.
$endgroup$
– Diger
Jan 22 at 21:50














$begingroup$
@Diger Take any sequence $(x_m)subset (0,infty)$ converging to $0$. Obviously $sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|geq|f_n(x_m)|$ for any $m$. Take limits on this inequality as $mtoinfty$. The LHS is not affected by $m$. The RHS tends to $|f_n(0)|$ by the continuity of $f_n$.
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 22 at 21:58






$begingroup$
@Diger Take any sequence $(x_m)subset (0,infty)$ converging to $0$. Obviously $sup_{x>0}|f_n(x)|geq|f_n(x_m)|$ for any $m$. Take limits on this inequality as $mtoinfty$. The LHS is not affected by $m$. The RHS tends to $|f_n(0)|$ by the continuity of $f_n$.
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 22 at 21:58














$begingroup$
Yes it is true for every finite $m$, but I'm not sure if the limit can be taken. Feels a bit weird, since in that case there is no interval/value left on the left hand side of $x_m$ :-/
$endgroup$
– Diger
Jan 22 at 22:08






$begingroup$
Yes it is true for every finite $m$, but I'm not sure if the limit can be taken. Feels a bit weird, since in that case there is no interval/value left on the left hand side of $x_m$ :-/
$endgroup$
– Diger
Jan 22 at 22:08














$begingroup$
@diger the limit can be taken. It is true for every finite m, so let m get as large as it wants. that's exactly what a limit is
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 23 at 0:09




$begingroup$
@diger the limit can be taken. It is true for every finite m, so let m get as large as it wants. that's exactly what a limit is
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 23 at 0:09


















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