極地








極地（きょくち）




  • 天体における地域としての北極・南極のこと。極地方。本項では地球の極地方について記述。

  • 「最果ての地」のこと。与那国島を指して「日本最西端の極地」など。

  • 転じて、ある事柄が究極の領域まで到達していること。「職人技の極地」「剣戟の極地」「武術の極地」など。



極地という言葉に明確な定義はないが、




  • 極圏（緯度66°34′以上）。


  • 寒帯（最暖月平均気温10 ℃以下）。

  • 北極では北極海（と沿岸）、南極では南極大陸（と近海）。

  • 南極では南極条約の適用される南緯60°以南。

  • 南極では南極収束線以南。


などの範囲に使われることが多い。


地球で最も標高が高いヒマラヤ山脈を、その環境の苛酷さや到達困難性から、「第3の極地」と呼ぶことがある。周辺のカラコルム山脈・チベット高原などを加えて呼ぶこともある。



関連項目



  • 極地法

  • 極圏

  • 国立極地研究所



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