イオン交換




イオン交換（－こうかん）とは、ある種の物質が示す、接触している電解質溶液に含まれるイオンを取り込み、代わりに自らの持つ別種のイオンを放出することで、イオン種の入れ換えを行う現象または能力。


イオン交換作用を示す物質をイオン交換体という。イオン交換体にはフッ石類、酸性白土、パームチットなどの無機質のものもあるが、有機質のイオン交換樹脂がすぐれ、もっともよく用いられる。



歴史



  • 1845年 肥料中のアンモニウムイオンが、土壌粒子によって吸着、交換される現象が発見

  • 1855年 イオン交換を行うのはケイ酸アルミニウム由来の土壌粒子であり、合成可能なことが発見

  • 1905年 ゼオライトによる硬水の軟化処理が行われ、やがて実用化される

  • 1930年 有機物であるフェノール類のなかにイオン交換を行うものが見出され、合成イオン交換体の研究が始まる



関連項目



  • 精製

  • イオン交換樹脂

  • イオン交換膜

  • フッ素樹脂




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