Hausdorff $2$-dimensional measure of $mathbf{R}$ [closed]












-1












$begingroup$


I know that $mathcal{H}^2(mathbf{R}) = 0$, but what is any easy way to see it? I tried coming up with reasonable covers, but they all seem to give upper bounds that are too large.










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closed as off-topic by Xander Henderson, amWhy, Did, jgon, Shailesh Jan 9 at 2:27


This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


  • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – Xander Henderson, amWhy, Did, jgon, Shailesh

If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.





















    -1












    $begingroup$


    I know that $mathcal{H}^2(mathbf{R}) = 0$, but what is any easy way to see it? I tried coming up with reasonable covers, but they all seem to give upper bounds that are too large.










    share|cite|improve this question









    $endgroup$



    closed as off-topic by Xander Henderson, amWhy, Did, jgon, Shailesh Jan 9 at 2:27


    This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


    • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – Xander Henderson, amWhy, Did, jgon, Shailesh

    If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.



















      -1












      -1








      -1





      $begingroup$


      I know that $mathcal{H}^2(mathbf{R}) = 0$, but what is any easy way to see it? I tried coming up with reasonable covers, but they all seem to give upper bounds that are too large.










      share|cite|improve this question









      $endgroup$




      I know that $mathcal{H}^2(mathbf{R}) = 0$, but what is any easy way to see it? I tried coming up with reasonable covers, but they all seem to give upper bounds that are too large.







      measure-theory hausdorff-measure






      share|cite|improve this question













      share|cite|improve this question











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      share|cite|improve this question










      asked Jan 8 at 14:54









      Drew BradyDrew Brady

      712315




      712315




      closed as off-topic by Xander Henderson, amWhy, Did, jgon, Shailesh Jan 9 at 2:27


      This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


      • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – Xander Henderson, amWhy, Did, jgon, Shailesh

      If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.







      closed as off-topic by Xander Henderson, amWhy, Did, jgon, Shailesh Jan 9 at 2:27


      This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


      • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – Xander Henderson, amWhy, Did, jgon, Shailesh

      If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.






















          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          3












          $begingroup$

          You can cover by rectangles of small radius. Fix $delta>0$ and consider covering of $mathbb{R}$ by intervals of length $frac{delta}{n}$, where $nin mathbb{N}$. This is possible in view of the divergence of the harmonic series. Namely, ignoring $delta>0$ for a moment, start with $[0,1]$, then consider $[1, 1 + 1/2]$, $[1+1/2, 1+1/2+1/3]$, ... . Repeat the same construction for the negative axis. We get a countable cover of $mathbb{R}$ and let ${I_n}$ be some enumeration of these intervals (the exact order does not matter). For $nin mathbb{N}$, consider a rectangle of height $delta>0$ whose side length is equal to the length of $I_n$ and which contains the interval $I_n$. Then the union $bigcuplimits_{n}^infty I_n$ covers $mathbb{R}$ with sets of diameter bounded above by $2delta$. However
          $$
          H^2_{2delta}(mathbb{R}) leq sumlimits_{n=1}^infty mathrm{diam}(I_n)^2 leq 2delta^2 sumlimits_{n=1}^infty frac{1}{n^2} leq 10 delta^2,
          $$

          hence $H^2(mathbb{R}) = limlimits_{delta to 0} H^2_delta(mathbb{R}) = 0$.






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$









          • 1




            $begingroup$
            Got it. Another way to do the argument is to first show that $H^2((-n, n))= 0$, which follows since $H^1((-n, n)) = 2n$, hence $H^alpha((-n, n)) = 0$ for all $alpha > 1$. Now $H^2(mathbf{R}) = lim_n H^2((-n,n)) = 0$, by continuity of measure and measurability of Borels. This is not as elementary though, of course.
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:10












          • $begingroup$
            actually what goes wrong in your argument if you use this cover for $H^1$, though? I'm confused, don't you get $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) leq delta$?
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:19










          • $begingroup$
            @DrewBrady, thanks for pointing this out. Actually I noticed that also, that I'm not really using the fact that we deal with $2d$ measure. I've now revised the argument. Taking small rectangles, sum of whose lengths diverge, but converge with when in squared summation. This will ensure that we cover $mathbb{R}$ using arbitrarily small $2d$ area.
            $endgroup$
            – Hayk
            Jan 8 at 15:30










          • $begingroup$
            I don't understand what was wrong previously, though. Was it not a cover of $mathbf{R}$? In particular, let $0 < eta < 1$, and let $B_n = B(r_n, eta delta 2^{-n})$. Then $mathrm{diam}(B_n) = eta delta 2^{1-n} < delta$. Hence $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) leq sum_{n} eta delta 2^{-n} leq eta delta$. Taking $eta downarrow 0$, this gives $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) = 0$, for all $delta$. But this clearly can't be correct.
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:31












          • $begingroup$
            @DrewBrady in the argument with balls of radius $delta 2^{-n}$ we are simple not covering $mathbb{R}$. Indeed, consider intersections of these balls with $mathbb{R}$. For the $n$-th ball, the intersection is an interval of length $delta 2^{-n}$. Now taking the sum over all these intervals (which do have overlaps) converges, and hence cannot cover $mathbb{R}$ whose length is infinite.
            $endgroup$
            – Hayk
            Jan 8 at 15:34


















          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes








          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes









          3












          $begingroup$

          You can cover by rectangles of small radius. Fix $delta>0$ and consider covering of $mathbb{R}$ by intervals of length $frac{delta}{n}$, where $nin mathbb{N}$. This is possible in view of the divergence of the harmonic series. Namely, ignoring $delta>0$ for a moment, start with $[0,1]$, then consider $[1, 1 + 1/2]$, $[1+1/2, 1+1/2+1/3]$, ... . Repeat the same construction for the negative axis. We get a countable cover of $mathbb{R}$ and let ${I_n}$ be some enumeration of these intervals (the exact order does not matter). For $nin mathbb{N}$, consider a rectangle of height $delta>0$ whose side length is equal to the length of $I_n$ and which contains the interval $I_n$. Then the union $bigcuplimits_{n}^infty I_n$ covers $mathbb{R}$ with sets of diameter bounded above by $2delta$. However
          $$
          H^2_{2delta}(mathbb{R}) leq sumlimits_{n=1}^infty mathrm{diam}(I_n)^2 leq 2delta^2 sumlimits_{n=1}^infty frac{1}{n^2} leq 10 delta^2,
          $$

          hence $H^2(mathbb{R}) = limlimits_{delta to 0} H^2_delta(mathbb{R}) = 0$.






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$









          • 1




            $begingroup$
            Got it. Another way to do the argument is to first show that $H^2((-n, n))= 0$, which follows since $H^1((-n, n)) = 2n$, hence $H^alpha((-n, n)) = 0$ for all $alpha > 1$. Now $H^2(mathbf{R}) = lim_n H^2((-n,n)) = 0$, by continuity of measure and measurability of Borels. This is not as elementary though, of course.
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:10












          • $begingroup$
            actually what goes wrong in your argument if you use this cover for $H^1$, though? I'm confused, don't you get $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) leq delta$?
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:19










          • $begingroup$
            @DrewBrady, thanks for pointing this out. Actually I noticed that also, that I'm not really using the fact that we deal with $2d$ measure. I've now revised the argument. Taking small rectangles, sum of whose lengths diverge, but converge with when in squared summation. This will ensure that we cover $mathbb{R}$ using arbitrarily small $2d$ area.
            $endgroup$
            – Hayk
            Jan 8 at 15:30










          • $begingroup$
            I don't understand what was wrong previously, though. Was it not a cover of $mathbf{R}$? In particular, let $0 < eta < 1$, and let $B_n = B(r_n, eta delta 2^{-n})$. Then $mathrm{diam}(B_n) = eta delta 2^{1-n} < delta$. Hence $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) leq sum_{n} eta delta 2^{-n} leq eta delta$. Taking $eta downarrow 0$, this gives $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) = 0$, for all $delta$. But this clearly can't be correct.
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:31












          • $begingroup$
            @DrewBrady in the argument with balls of radius $delta 2^{-n}$ we are simple not covering $mathbb{R}$. Indeed, consider intersections of these balls with $mathbb{R}$. For the $n$-th ball, the intersection is an interval of length $delta 2^{-n}$. Now taking the sum over all these intervals (which do have overlaps) converges, and hence cannot cover $mathbb{R}$ whose length is infinite.
            $endgroup$
            – Hayk
            Jan 8 at 15:34
















          3












          $begingroup$

          You can cover by rectangles of small radius. Fix $delta>0$ and consider covering of $mathbb{R}$ by intervals of length $frac{delta}{n}$, where $nin mathbb{N}$. This is possible in view of the divergence of the harmonic series. Namely, ignoring $delta>0$ for a moment, start with $[0,1]$, then consider $[1, 1 + 1/2]$, $[1+1/2, 1+1/2+1/3]$, ... . Repeat the same construction for the negative axis. We get a countable cover of $mathbb{R}$ and let ${I_n}$ be some enumeration of these intervals (the exact order does not matter). For $nin mathbb{N}$, consider a rectangle of height $delta>0$ whose side length is equal to the length of $I_n$ and which contains the interval $I_n$. Then the union $bigcuplimits_{n}^infty I_n$ covers $mathbb{R}$ with sets of diameter bounded above by $2delta$. However
          $$
          H^2_{2delta}(mathbb{R}) leq sumlimits_{n=1}^infty mathrm{diam}(I_n)^2 leq 2delta^2 sumlimits_{n=1}^infty frac{1}{n^2} leq 10 delta^2,
          $$

          hence $H^2(mathbb{R}) = limlimits_{delta to 0} H^2_delta(mathbb{R}) = 0$.






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$









          • 1




            $begingroup$
            Got it. Another way to do the argument is to first show that $H^2((-n, n))= 0$, which follows since $H^1((-n, n)) = 2n$, hence $H^alpha((-n, n)) = 0$ for all $alpha > 1$. Now $H^2(mathbf{R}) = lim_n H^2((-n,n)) = 0$, by continuity of measure and measurability of Borels. This is not as elementary though, of course.
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:10












          • $begingroup$
            actually what goes wrong in your argument if you use this cover for $H^1$, though? I'm confused, don't you get $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) leq delta$?
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:19










          • $begingroup$
            @DrewBrady, thanks for pointing this out. Actually I noticed that also, that I'm not really using the fact that we deal with $2d$ measure. I've now revised the argument. Taking small rectangles, sum of whose lengths diverge, but converge with when in squared summation. This will ensure that we cover $mathbb{R}$ using arbitrarily small $2d$ area.
            $endgroup$
            – Hayk
            Jan 8 at 15:30










          • $begingroup$
            I don't understand what was wrong previously, though. Was it not a cover of $mathbf{R}$? In particular, let $0 < eta < 1$, and let $B_n = B(r_n, eta delta 2^{-n})$. Then $mathrm{diam}(B_n) = eta delta 2^{1-n} < delta$. Hence $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) leq sum_{n} eta delta 2^{-n} leq eta delta$. Taking $eta downarrow 0$, this gives $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) = 0$, for all $delta$. But this clearly can't be correct.
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:31












          • $begingroup$
            @DrewBrady in the argument with balls of radius $delta 2^{-n}$ we are simple not covering $mathbb{R}$. Indeed, consider intersections of these balls with $mathbb{R}$. For the $n$-th ball, the intersection is an interval of length $delta 2^{-n}$. Now taking the sum over all these intervals (which do have overlaps) converges, and hence cannot cover $mathbb{R}$ whose length is infinite.
            $endgroup$
            – Hayk
            Jan 8 at 15:34














          3












          3








          3





          $begingroup$

          You can cover by rectangles of small radius. Fix $delta>0$ and consider covering of $mathbb{R}$ by intervals of length $frac{delta}{n}$, where $nin mathbb{N}$. This is possible in view of the divergence of the harmonic series. Namely, ignoring $delta>0$ for a moment, start with $[0,1]$, then consider $[1, 1 + 1/2]$, $[1+1/2, 1+1/2+1/3]$, ... . Repeat the same construction for the negative axis. We get a countable cover of $mathbb{R}$ and let ${I_n}$ be some enumeration of these intervals (the exact order does not matter). For $nin mathbb{N}$, consider a rectangle of height $delta>0$ whose side length is equal to the length of $I_n$ and which contains the interval $I_n$. Then the union $bigcuplimits_{n}^infty I_n$ covers $mathbb{R}$ with sets of diameter bounded above by $2delta$. However
          $$
          H^2_{2delta}(mathbb{R}) leq sumlimits_{n=1}^infty mathrm{diam}(I_n)^2 leq 2delta^2 sumlimits_{n=1}^infty frac{1}{n^2} leq 10 delta^2,
          $$

          hence $H^2(mathbb{R}) = limlimits_{delta to 0} H^2_delta(mathbb{R}) = 0$.






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$



          You can cover by rectangles of small radius. Fix $delta>0$ and consider covering of $mathbb{R}$ by intervals of length $frac{delta}{n}$, where $nin mathbb{N}$. This is possible in view of the divergence of the harmonic series. Namely, ignoring $delta>0$ for a moment, start with $[0,1]$, then consider $[1, 1 + 1/2]$, $[1+1/2, 1+1/2+1/3]$, ... . Repeat the same construction for the negative axis. We get a countable cover of $mathbb{R}$ and let ${I_n}$ be some enumeration of these intervals (the exact order does not matter). For $nin mathbb{N}$, consider a rectangle of height $delta>0$ whose side length is equal to the length of $I_n$ and which contains the interval $I_n$. Then the union $bigcuplimits_{n}^infty I_n$ covers $mathbb{R}$ with sets of diameter bounded above by $2delta$. However
          $$
          H^2_{2delta}(mathbb{R}) leq sumlimits_{n=1}^infty mathrm{diam}(I_n)^2 leq 2delta^2 sumlimits_{n=1}^infty frac{1}{n^2} leq 10 delta^2,
          $$

          hence $H^2(mathbb{R}) = limlimits_{delta to 0} H^2_delta(mathbb{R}) = 0$.







          share|cite|improve this answer














          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer








          edited Jan 8 at 15:40

























          answered Jan 8 at 15:08









          HaykHayk

          2,5171214




          2,5171214








          • 1




            $begingroup$
            Got it. Another way to do the argument is to first show that $H^2((-n, n))= 0$, which follows since $H^1((-n, n)) = 2n$, hence $H^alpha((-n, n)) = 0$ for all $alpha > 1$. Now $H^2(mathbf{R}) = lim_n H^2((-n,n)) = 0$, by continuity of measure and measurability of Borels. This is not as elementary though, of course.
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:10












          • $begingroup$
            actually what goes wrong in your argument if you use this cover for $H^1$, though? I'm confused, don't you get $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) leq delta$?
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:19










          • $begingroup$
            @DrewBrady, thanks for pointing this out. Actually I noticed that also, that I'm not really using the fact that we deal with $2d$ measure. I've now revised the argument. Taking small rectangles, sum of whose lengths diverge, but converge with when in squared summation. This will ensure that we cover $mathbb{R}$ using arbitrarily small $2d$ area.
            $endgroup$
            – Hayk
            Jan 8 at 15:30










          • $begingroup$
            I don't understand what was wrong previously, though. Was it not a cover of $mathbf{R}$? In particular, let $0 < eta < 1$, and let $B_n = B(r_n, eta delta 2^{-n})$. Then $mathrm{diam}(B_n) = eta delta 2^{1-n} < delta$. Hence $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) leq sum_{n} eta delta 2^{-n} leq eta delta$. Taking $eta downarrow 0$, this gives $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) = 0$, for all $delta$. But this clearly can't be correct.
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:31












          • $begingroup$
            @DrewBrady in the argument with balls of radius $delta 2^{-n}$ we are simple not covering $mathbb{R}$. Indeed, consider intersections of these balls with $mathbb{R}$. For the $n$-th ball, the intersection is an interval of length $delta 2^{-n}$. Now taking the sum over all these intervals (which do have overlaps) converges, and hence cannot cover $mathbb{R}$ whose length is infinite.
            $endgroup$
            – Hayk
            Jan 8 at 15:34














          • 1




            $begingroup$
            Got it. Another way to do the argument is to first show that $H^2((-n, n))= 0$, which follows since $H^1((-n, n)) = 2n$, hence $H^alpha((-n, n)) = 0$ for all $alpha > 1$. Now $H^2(mathbf{R}) = lim_n H^2((-n,n)) = 0$, by continuity of measure and measurability of Borels. This is not as elementary though, of course.
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:10












          • $begingroup$
            actually what goes wrong in your argument if you use this cover for $H^1$, though? I'm confused, don't you get $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) leq delta$?
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:19










          • $begingroup$
            @DrewBrady, thanks for pointing this out. Actually I noticed that also, that I'm not really using the fact that we deal with $2d$ measure. I've now revised the argument. Taking small rectangles, sum of whose lengths diverge, but converge with when in squared summation. This will ensure that we cover $mathbb{R}$ using arbitrarily small $2d$ area.
            $endgroup$
            – Hayk
            Jan 8 at 15:30










          • $begingroup$
            I don't understand what was wrong previously, though. Was it not a cover of $mathbf{R}$? In particular, let $0 < eta < 1$, and let $B_n = B(r_n, eta delta 2^{-n})$. Then $mathrm{diam}(B_n) = eta delta 2^{1-n} < delta$. Hence $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) leq sum_{n} eta delta 2^{-n} leq eta delta$. Taking $eta downarrow 0$, this gives $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) = 0$, for all $delta$. But this clearly can't be correct.
            $endgroup$
            – Drew Brady
            Jan 8 at 15:31












          • $begingroup$
            @DrewBrady in the argument with balls of radius $delta 2^{-n}$ we are simple not covering $mathbb{R}$. Indeed, consider intersections of these balls with $mathbb{R}$. For the $n$-th ball, the intersection is an interval of length $delta 2^{-n}$. Now taking the sum over all these intervals (which do have overlaps) converges, and hence cannot cover $mathbb{R}$ whose length is infinite.
            $endgroup$
            – Hayk
            Jan 8 at 15:34








          1




          1




          $begingroup$
          Got it. Another way to do the argument is to first show that $H^2((-n, n))= 0$, which follows since $H^1((-n, n)) = 2n$, hence $H^alpha((-n, n)) = 0$ for all $alpha > 1$. Now $H^2(mathbf{R}) = lim_n H^2((-n,n)) = 0$, by continuity of measure and measurability of Borels. This is not as elementary though, of course.
          $endgroup$
          – Drew Brady
          Jan 8 at 15:10






          $begingroup$
          Got it. Another way to do the argument is to first show that $H^2((-n, n))= 0$, which follows since $H^1((-n, n)) = 2n$, hence $H^alpha((-n, n)) = 0$ for all $alpha > 1$. Now $H^2(mathbf{R}) = lim_n H^2((-n,n)) = 0$, by continuity of measure and measurability of Borels. This is not as elementary though, of course.
          $endgroup$
          – Drew Brady
          Jan 8 at 15:10














          $begingroup$
          actually what goes wrong in your argument if you use this cover for $H^1$, though? I'm confused, don't you get $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) leq delta$?
          $endgroup$
          – Drew Brady
          Jan 8 at 15:19




          $begingroup$
          actually what goes wrong in your argument if you use this cover for $H^1$, though? I'm confused, don't you get $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) leq delta$?
          $endgroup$
          – Drew Brady
          Jan 8 at 15:19












          $begingroup$
          @DrewBrady, thanks for pointing this out. Actually I noticed that also, that I'm not really using the fact that we deal with $2d$ measure. I've now revised the argument. Taking small rectangles, sum of whose lengths diverge, but converge with when in squared summation. This will ensure that we cover $mathbb{R}$ using arbitrarily small $2d$ area.
          $endgroup$
          – Hayk
          Jan 8 at 15:30




          $begingroup$
          @DrewBrady, thanks for pointing this out. Actually I noticed that also, that I'm not really using the fact that we deal with $2d$ measure. I've now revised the argument. Taking small rectangles, sum of whose lengths diverge, but converge with when in squared summation. This will ensure that we cover $mathbb{R}$ using arbitrarily small $2d$ area.
          $endgroup$
          – Hayk
          Jan 8 at 15:30












          $begingroup$
          I don't understand what was wrong previously, though. Was it not a cover of $mathbf{R}$? In particular, let $0 < eta < 1$, and let $B_n = B(r_n, eta delta 2^{-n})$. Then $mathrm{diam}(B_n) = eta delta 2^{1-n} < delta$. Hence $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) leq sum_{n} eta delta 2^{-n} leq eta delta$. Taking $eta downarrow 0$, this gives $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) = 0$, for all $delta$. But this clearly can't be correct.
          $endgroup$
          – Drew Brady
          Jan 8 at 15:31






          $begingroup$
          I don't understand what was wrong previously, though. Was it not a cover of $mathbf{R}$? In particular, let $0 < eta < 1$, and let $B_n = B(r_n, eta delta 2^{-n})$. Then $mathrm{diam}(B_n) = eta delta 2^{1-n} < delta$. Hence $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) leq sum_{n} eta delta 2^{-n} leq eta delta$. Taking $eta downarrow 0$, this gives $H^1_delta(mathbf{R}) = 0$, for all $delta$. But this clearly can't be correct.
          $endgroup$
          – Drew Brady
          Jan 8 at 15:31














          $begingroup$
          @DrewBrady in the argument with balls of radius $delta 2^{-n}$ we are simple not covering $mathbb{R}$. Indeed, consider intersections of these balls with $mathbb{R}$. For the $n$-th ball, the intersection is an interval of length $delta 2^{-n}$. Now taking the sum over all these intervals (which do have overlaps) converges, and hence cannot cover $mathbb{R}$ whose length is infinite.
          $endgroup$
          – Hayk
          Jan 8 at 15:34




          $begingroup$
          @DrewBrady in the argument with balls of radius $delta 2^{-n}$ we are simple not covering $mathbb{R}$. Indeed, consider intersections of these balls with $mathbb{R}$. For the $n$-th ball, the intersection is an interval of length $delta 2^{-n}$. Now taking the sum over all these intervals (which do have overlaps) converges, and hence cannot cover $mathbb{R}$ whose length is infinite.
          $endgroup$
          – Hayk
          Jan 8 at 15:34



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