Solve linear equation system with Gauss
$begingroup$
I have the following matrix and have to see if it has solutions depending on $a$. My solution:
$M=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
a & a^2 &| &1 \
-1 & -1& | & -a \
1 & a & | & a
end{array} } right]
$
My attemp was:
Changing first with third line
$=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
1 & a & | & a \
-1 & -1& | & -a \
a & a^2 &| &1 \
end{array} } right]
$
Add the first row to the second one
$=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
1 & a & | & a \
0 & a-1& | & 0 \
a & a^2 &| &1 \
end{array} } right]
$
Add the $-a$ of the first line to the third line
$=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
1 & a & | & a \
0 & a-1& | & 0 \
0 & 0 &| &1-a^2 \
end{array} } right]
$
From $0=1-a^2$there we can obtain that the LES has a solution if $a=+/-1$
Is this a valid solution to the problem and is there a free variable?
matrices
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I have the following matrix and have to see if it has solutions depending on $a$. My solution:
$M=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
a & a^2 &| &1 \
-1 & -1& | & -a \
1 & a & | & a
end{array} } right]
$
My attemp was:
Changing first with third line
$=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
1 & a & | & a \
-1 & -1& | & -a \
a & a^2 &| &1 \
end{array} } right]
$
Add the first row to the second one
$=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
1 & a & | & a \
0 & a-1& | & 0 \
a & a^2 &| &1 \
end{array} } right]
$
Add the $-a$ of the first line to the third line
$=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
1 & a & | & a \
0 & a-1& | & 0 \
0 & 0 &| &1-a^2 \
end{array} } right]
$
From $0=1-a^2$there we can obtain that the LES has a solution if $a=+/-1$
Is this a valid solution to the problem and is there a free variable?
matrices
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I have the following matrix and have to see if it has solutions depending on $a$. My solution:
$M=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
a & a^2 &| &1 \
-1 & -1& | & -a \
1 & a & | & a
end{array} } right]
$
My attemp was:
Changing first with third line
$=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
1 & a & | & a \
-1 & -1& | & -a \
a & a^2 &| &1 \
end{array} } right]
$
Add the first row to the second one
$=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
1 & a & | & a \
0 & a-1& | & 0 \
a & a^2 &| &1 \
end{array} } right]
$
Add the $-a$ of the first line to the third line
$=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
1 & a & | & a \
0 & a-1& | & 0 \
0 & 0 &| &1-a^2 \
end{array} } right]
$
From $0=1-a^2$there we can obtain that the LES has a solution if $a=+/-1$
Is this a valid solution to the problem and is there a free variable?
matrices
$endgroup$
I have the following matrix and have to see if it has solutions depending on $a$. My solution:
$M=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
a & a^2 &| &1 \
-1 & -1& | & -a \
1 & a & | & a
end{array} } right]
$
My attemp was:
Changing first with third line
$=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
1 & a & | & a \
-1 & -1& | & -a \
a & a^2 &| &1 \
end{array} } right]
$
Add the first row to the second one
$=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
1 & a & | & a \
0 & a-1& | & 0 \
a & a^2 &| &1 \
end{array} } right]
$
Add the $-a$ of the first line to the third line
$=
left[ {begin{array}{cc}
1 & a & | & a \
0 & a-1& | & 0 \
0 & 0 &| &1-a^2 \
end{array} } right]
$
From $0=1-a^2$there we can obtain that the LES has a solution if $a=+/-1$
Is this a valid solution to the problem and is there a free variable?
matrices
matrices
asked Jan 10 at 13:32
SegonutSegonut
62
62
add a comment |
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
If $a=pm 1$, then indeed we have a solution.
Now $a=1$, the second row become the zero row, and hence there is a free variable. Can you write down the general solution?
If $a=-1$, the second row is not a zero row, there is no free variable. It has a unique solution.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
but for $a=-1$ $x_2$ has to be $0$ so the row becomes a zero row again, doesn't it?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:48
$begingroup$
$x_2=0$ is true, but the second row is $[0, -2, 0]$ which is not a zero row.
$endgroup$
– Siong Thye Goh
Jan 10 at 13:50
$begingroup$
okay, thank you! And the transformations are correct?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:50
$begingroup$
And for $a=1$ the general solution should be $L=[1-t, t]$, shouldn't it? Because $x_1=1-x_2$ and $x_2=t$ (or any other name)? And for $a-1$ the solution is $[a,0]$, right?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:54
$begingroup$
Your Gaussian elimination step looks fine. if $a=1$, the general solution is indeed $(1-t,t)$ where $t$ is a free parameter. If $a=-1$, we have $x_2=0$, and the solution is $(a,0)=(-1,0)$.
$endgroup$
– Siong Thye Goh
Jan 10 at 14:03
add a comment |
$begingroup$
begin{align}
M=
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
a & a^2 & 1 \
-1 & -1 & -a \
1 & a & a
end{array}right]
&to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & a & a \
-1 & -1 & -a \
a & a^2 & 1
end{array}right]
&&R_1leftrightarrow R_3
\[4px]&to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & a & a \
0 & a-1 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 1-a^2
end{array}right]
&&begin{aligned}R_2&gets R_2+R_1\R_3&gets R_3-aR_1end{aligned}
end{align}
Your work was pretty good.
Now you have to distinguish the cases $a=1$, $a=-1$, $anepm1$
Case $a=1$
The matrix becomes
$$
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & 1 & 1 \
0 & 0 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
$$
and the system has infinitely many solutions
$$
begin{bmatrix} 1-h \ h end{bmatrix}=
begin{bmatrix} 1 \ 0 end{bmatrix} + hbegin{bmatrix} -1 \ 1 end{bmatrix}
$$
Case $a=-1$
The matrix becomes
$$
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & -1 & -1 \
0 & 2 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & 0 & -1 \
0 & 1 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
$$
and the system has a single solution $begin{bmatrix} -1 \ 0 end{bmatrix}$.
Case $anepm1$
No solution.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
Your Answer
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2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
If $a=pm 1$, then indeed we have a solution.
Now $a=1$, the second row become the zero row, and hence there is a free variable. Can you write down the general solution?
If $a=-1$, the second row is not a zero row, there is no free variable. It has a unique solution.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
but for $a=-1$ $x_2$ has to be $0$ so the row becomes a zero row again, doesn't it?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:48
$begingroup$
$x_2=0$ is true, but the second row is $[0, -2, 0]$ which is not a zero row.
$endgroup$
– Siong Thye Goh
Jan 10 at 13:50
$begingroup$
okay, thank you! And the transformations are correct?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:50
$begingroup$
And for $a=1$ the general solution should be $L=[1-t, t]$, shouldn't it? Because $x_1=1-x_2$ and $x_2=t$ (or any other name)? And for $a-1$ the solution is $[a,0]$, right?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:54
$begingroup$
Your Gaussian elimination step looks fine. if $a=1$, the general solution is indeed $(1-t,t)$ where $t$ is a free parameter. If $a=-1$, we have $x_2=0$, and the solution is $(a,0)=(-1,0)$.
$endgroup$
– Siong Thye Goh
Jan 10 at 14:03
add a comment |
$begingroup$
If $a=pm 1$, then indeed we have a solution.
Now $a=1$, the second row become the zero row, and hence there is a free variable. Can you write down the general solution?
If $a=-1$, the second row is not a zero row, there is no free variable. It has a unique solution.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
but for $a=-1$ $x_2$ has to be $0$ so the row becomes a zero row again, doesn't it?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:48
$begingroup$
$x_2=0$ is true, but the second row is $[0, -2, 0]$ which is not a zero row.
$endgroup$
– Siong Thye Goh
Jan 10 at 13:50
$begingroup$
okay, thank you! And the transformations are correct?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:50
$begingroup$
And for $a=1$ the general solution should be $L=[1-t, t]$, shouldn't it? Because $x_1=1-x_2$ and $x_2=t$ (or any other name)? And for $a-1$ the solution is $[a,0]$, right?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:54
$begingroup$
Your Gaussian elimination step looks fine. if $a=1$, the general solution is indeed $(1-t,t)$ where $t$ is a free parameter. If $a=-1$, we have $x_2=0$, and the solution is $(a,0)=(-1,0)$.
$endgroup$
– Siong Thye Goh
Jan 10 at 14:03
add a comment |
$begingroup$
If $a=pm 1$, then indeed we have a solution.
Now $a=1$, the second row become the zero row, and hence there is a free variable. Can you write down the general solution?
If $a=-1$, the second row is not a zero row, there is no free variable. It has a unique solution.
$endgroup$
If $a=pm 1$, then indeed we have a solution.
Now $a=1$, the second row become the zero row, and hence there is a free variable. Can you write down the general solution?
If $a=-1$, the second row is not a zero row, there is no free variable. It has a unique solution.
answered Jan 10 at 13:37


Siong Thye GohSiong Thye Goh
101k1466118
101k1466118
$begingroup$
but for $a=-1$ $x_2$ has to be $0$ so the row becomes a zero row again, doesn't it?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:48
$begingroup$
$x_2=0$ is true, but the second row is $[0, -2, 0]$ which is not a zero row.
$endgroup$
– Siong Thye Goh
Jan 10 at 13:50
$begingroup$
okay, thank you! And the transformations are correct?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:50
$begingroup$
And for $a=1$ the general solution should be $L=[1-t, t]$, shouldn't it? Because $x_1=1-x_2$ and $x_2=t$ (or any other name)? And for $a-1$ the solution is $[a,0]$, right?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:54
$begingroup$
Your Gaussian elimination step looks fine. if $a=1$, the general solution is indeed $(1-t,t)$ where $t$ is a free parameter. If $a=-1$, we have $x_2=0$, and the solution is $(a,0)=(-1,0)$.
$endgroup$
– Siong Thye Goh
Jan 10 at 14:03
add a comment |
$begingroup$
but for $a=-1$ $x_2$ has to be $0$ so the row becomes a zero row again, doesn't it?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:48
$begingroup$
$x_2=0$ is true, but the second row is $[0, -2, 0]$ which is not a zero row.
$endgroup$
– Siong Thye Goh
Jan 10 at 13:50
$begingroup$
okay, thank you! And the transformations are correct?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:50
$begingroup$
And for $a=1$ the general solution should be $L=[1-t, t]$, shouldn't it? Because $x_1=1-x_2$ and $x_2=t$ (or any other name)? And for $a-1$ the solution is $[a,0]$, right?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:54
$begingroup$
Your Gaussian elimination step looks fine. if $a=1$, the general solution is indeed $(1-t,t)$ where $t$ is a free parameter. If $a=-1$, we have $x_2=0$, and the solution is $(a,0)=(-1,0)$.
$endgroup$
– Siong Thye Goh
Jan 10 at 14:03
$begingroup$
but for $a=-1$ $x_2$ has to be $0$ so the row becomes a zero row again, doesn't it?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:48
$begingroup$
but for $a=-1$ $x_2$ has to be $0$ so the row becomes a zero row again, doesn't it?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:48
$begingroup$
$x_2=0$ is true, but the second row is $[0, -2, 0]$ which is not a zero row.
$endgroup$
– Siong Thye Goh
Jan 10 at 13:50
$begingroup$
$x_2=0$ is true, but the second row is $[0, -2, 0]$ which is not a zero row.
$endgroup$
– Siong Thye Goh
Jan 10 at 13:50
$begingroup$
okay, thank you! And the transformations are correct?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:50
$begingroup$
okay, thank you! And the transformations are correct?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:50
$begingroup$
And for $a=1$ the general solution should be $L=[1-t, t]$, shouldn't it? Because $x_1=1-x_2$ and $x_2=t$ (or any other name)? And for $a-1$ the solution is $[a,0]$, right?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:54
$begingroup$
And for $a=1$ the general solution should be $L=[1-t, t]$, shouldn't it? Because $x_1=1-x_2$ and $x_2=t$ (or any other name)? And for $a-1$ the solution is $[a,0]$, right?
$endgroup$
– Segonut
Jan 10 at 13:54
$begingroup$
Your Gaussian elimination step looks fine. if $a=1$, the general solution is indeed $(1-t,t)$ where $t$ is a free parameter. If $a=-1$, we have $x_2=0$, and the solution is $(a,0)=(-1,0)$.
$endgroup$
– Siong Thye Goh
Jan 10 at 14:03
$begingroup$
Your Gaussian elimination step looks fine. if $a=1$, the general solution is indeed $(1-t,t)$ where $t$ is a free parameter. If $a=-1$, we have $x_2=0$, and the solution is $(a,0)=(-1,0)$.
$endgroup$
– Siong Thye Goh
Jan 10 at 14:03
add a comment |
$begingroup$
begin{align}
M=
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
a & a^2 & 1 \
-1 & -1 & -a \
1 & a & a
end{array}right]
&to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & a & a \
-1 & -1 & -a \
a & a^2 & 1
end{array}right]
&&R_1leftrightarrow R_3
\[4px]&to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & a & a \
0 & a-1 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 1-a^2
end{array}right]
&&begin{aligned}R_2&gets R_2+R_1\R_3&gets R_3-aR_1end{aligned}
end{align}
Your work was pretty good.
Now you have to distinguish the cases $a=1$, $a=-1$, $anepm1$
Case $a=1$
The matrix becomes
$$
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & 1 & 1 \
0 & 0 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
$$
and the system has infinitely many solutions
$$
begin{bmatrix} 1-h \ h end{bmatrix}=
begin{bmatrix} 1 \ 0 end{bmatrix} + hbegin{bmatrix} -1 \ 1 end{bmatrix}
$$
Case $a=-1$
The matrix becomes
$$
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & -1 & -1 \
0 & 2 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & 0 & -1 \
0 & 1 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
$$
and the system has a single solution $begin{bmatrix} -1 \ 0 end{bmatrix}$.
Case $anepm1$
No solution.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
begin{align}
M=
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
a & a^2 & 1 \
-1 & -1 & -a \
1 & a & a
end{array}right]
&to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & a & a \
-1 & -1 & -a \
a & a^2 & 1
end{array}right]
&&R_1leftrightarrow R_3
\[4px]&to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & a & a \
0 & a-1 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 1-a^2
end{array}right]
&&begin{aligned}R_2&gets R_2+R_1\R_3&gets R_3-aR_1end{aligned}
end{align}
Your work was pretty good.
Now you have to distinguish the cases $a=1$, $a=-1$, $anepm1$
Case $a=1$
The matrix becomes
$$
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & 1 & 1 \
0 & 0 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
$$
and the system has infinitely many solutions
$$
begin{bmatrix} 1-h \ h end{bmatrix}=
begin{bmatrix} 1 \ 0 end{bmatrix} + hbegin{bmatrix} -1 \ 1 end{bmatrix}
$$
Case $a=-1$
The matrix becomes
$$
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & -1 & -1 \
0 & 2 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & 0 & -1 \
0 & 1 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
$$
and the system has a single solution $begin{bmatrix} -1 \ 0 end{bmatrix}$.
Case $anepm1$
No solution.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
begin{align}
M=
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
a & a^2 & 1 \
-1 & -1 & -a \
1 & a & a
end{array}right]
&to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & a & a \
-1 & -1 & -a \
a & a^2 & 1
end{array}right]
&&R_1leftrightarrow R_3
\[4px]&to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & a & a \
0 & a-1 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 1-a^2
end{array}right]
&&begin{aligned}R_2&gets R_2+R_1\R_3&gets R_3-aR_1end{aligned}
end{align}
Your work was pretty good.
Now you have to distinguish the cases $a=1$, $a=-1$, $anepm1$
Case $a=1$
The matrix becomes
$$
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & 1 & 1 \
0 & 0 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
$$
and the system has infinitely many solutions
$$
begin{bmatrix} 1-h \ h end{bmatrix}=
begin{bmatrix} 1 \ 0 end{bmatrix} + hbegin{bmatrix} -1 \ 1 end{bmatrix}
$$
Case $a=-1$
The matrix becomes
$$
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & -1 & -1 \
0 & 2 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & 0 & -1 \
0 & 1 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
$$
and the system has a single solution $begin{bmatrix} -1 \ 0 end{bmatrix}$.
Case $anepm1$
No solution.
$endgroup$
begin{align}
M=
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
a & a^2 & 1 \
-1 & -1 & -a \
1 & a & a
end{array}right]
&to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & a & a \
-1 & -1 & -a \
a & a^2 & 1
end{array}right]
&&R_1leftrightarrow R_3
\[4px]&to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & a & a \
0 & a-1 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 1-a^2
end{array}right]
&&begin{aligned}R_2&gets R_2+R_1\R_3&gets R_3-aR_1end{aligned}
end{align}
Your work was pretty good.
Now you have to distinguish the cases $a=1$, $a=-1$, $anepm1$
Case $a=1$
The matrix becomes
$$
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & 1 & 1 \
0 & 0 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
$$
and the system has infinitely many solutions
$$
begin{bmatrix} 1-h \ h end{bmatrix}=
begin{bmatrix} 1 \ 0 end{bmatrix} + hbegin{bmatrix} -1 \ 1 end{bmatrix}
$$
Case $a=-1$
The matrix becomes
$$
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & -1 & -1 \
0 & 2 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
to
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & 0 & -1 \
0 & 1 & 0 \
0 & 0 & 0
end{array}right]
$$
and the system has a single solution $begin{bmatrix} -1 \ 0 end{bmatrix}$.
Case $anepm1$
No solution.
answered Jan 10 at 14:58


egregegreg
181k1485203
181k1485203
add a comment |
add a comment |
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