How to prove that compact subspaces of the Sorgenfrey line are countable?












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How to prove that every compact subspace of the Sorgenfrey line is countable?










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    $begingroup$


    How to prove that every compact subspace of the Sorgenfrey line is countable?










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      $begingroup$


      How to prove that every compact subspace of the Sorgenfrey line is countable?










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      How to prove that every compact subspace of the Sorgenfrey line is countable?







      general-topology compactness






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      edited Feb 10 '16 at 9:30









      Tomek Kania

      12.3k11945




      12.3k11945










      asked Jul 12 '12 at 11:48









      PaulPaul

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      14k42465






















          3 Answers
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          active

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          9












          $begingroup$

          Let $C$ be a compact subset of the Sorgenfrey line (so $X = mathbb{R}$ with a base of open
          sets of the form $[a,b)$, for $a < b$). The usual (order) topology on $mathbb{R}$ is coarser (as all open intervals $(a,b)$ can be written as unions of Sorgenfrey-open sets $[a+frac{1}{n}, b)$ for large enough $n$, so are Sorgenfrey-open as well) so $C$ is compact in the usual topology as well. This means in particular that $C$ is closed and bounded in the usual topology on $mathbb{R}$.



          Suppose that $x_0 < x_1 < x_2 < ldots $ is a strictly increasing sequence in $C$, and let $c = sup {x_n: n =0,1,ldots }$, which exists and lies in $C$ by the above remarks. Also let $m = min(C)$, which also exists by the same.



          Then the sets $[c,rightarrow)$ and $[m, x_0)$ (if non-empty), $[x_n, x_{n+1})$, for $n ge 0$ form a disjoint countable cover of $C$, so we cannot omit a single member of it (we need $[x_n, x_{n+1})$ to cover $x_n$, e.g.), so there is no finite subcover of it that still covers $C$.
          This contradicts that $C$ is compact.



          We conclude that $C$ has no infinite strictly increasing sequences. Or otherwise put: $C$ in the reverse order (from the standard one) is well-ordered.



          And so we have shown that every compact subset of $C$ corresponds to a well-ordered subset of $mathbb{R}$ (by reversing the order, and note that the reals are order isomorphic to its reverse order). And all well-ordered subsets of $mathbb{R}$ are (at most) countable (this follows from several arguments, including one using second countability, e.g.).






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            why $C$ compact having no infinite strictly increasing sequences is the same as $C$ in the reverse order being well-ordered?
            $endgroup$
            – creepyrodent
            Nov 6 '18 at 14:08






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            @dude3221 A strict linearly ordered set $(X,<)$ is well-ordered (every non-empty subset has a minimum) iff there are no infinite decreasing sequences under $<$. This is classical.
            $endgroup$
            – Henno Brandsma
            Nov 6 '18 at 14:11



















          6












          $begingroup$

          Hint: any uncountable set of real numbers contains a strictly increasing infinite sequence.



          Hint 2 (added later): show that if a subspace $X$ of the Sorgenfrey line contains a strictly increasing infinite sequence, then $X$ has an open cover with no finite subcover.






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$









          • 1




            $begingroup$
            @John But Collin's right.
            $endgroup$
            – martini
            Jul 12 '12 at 12:59






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            You should try it yourself, for starters. And in the classical topology of $mathbb R$ such sequences can be convergent in contrast to the Sorgenfrey case, where such sequences can't have a convergent subsequence ...
            $endgroup$
            – martini
            Jul 12 '12 at 13:06










          • $begingroup$
            @John: see my second hint above.
            $endgroup$
            – Colin McQuillan
            Jul 12 '12 at 13:44










          • $begingroup$
            The Sorgenfrey line is totally disconnected. One can prove that an infinite totally disconnected space doesn't have uncountable compact subsets, even when it's not discret.
            $endgroup$
            – Temitope.A
            Jul 20 '12 at 13:08










          • $begingroup$
            @Temitope.A Nonsense. The Cantor set is uncountable, totally disconnected and compact.
            $endgroup$
            – Henno Brandsma
            Jan 28 at 9:14



















          -5












          $begingroup$

          not true. The compact subsets of Sorgenfrey line must be finite sets. If it is infinite countable set even it can not be compact in the ususal topology on R






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            this doesn't make any sense. [0,1] is compact in $mathbb R$ with the usual topology and is even uncountable infinite. And what has this to do with the Sorgenfrey line anyway??
            $endgroup$
            – noctusraid
            Feb 10 '16 at 9:27














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          3 Answers
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          active

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          3 Answers
          3






          active

          oldest

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          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes









          9












          $begingroup$

          Let $C$ be a compact subset of the Sorgenfrey line (so $X = mathbb{R}$ with a base of open
          sets of the form $[a,b)$, for $a < b$). The usual (order) topology on $mathbb{R}$ is coarser (as all open intervals $(a,b)$ can be written as unions of Sorgenfrey-open sets $[a+frac{1}{n}, b)$ for large enough $n$, so are Sorgenfrey-open as well) so $C$ is compact in the usual topology as well. This means in particular that $C$ is closed and bounded in the usual topology on $mathbb{R}$.



          Suppose that $x_0 < x_1 < x_2 < ldots $ is a strictly increasing sequence in $C$, and let $c = sup {x_n: n =0,1,ldots }$, which exists and lies in $C$ by the above remarks. Also let $m = min(C)$, which also exists by the same.



          Then the sets $[c,rightarrow)$ and $[m, x_0)$ (if non-empty), $[x_n, x_{n+1})$, for $n ge 0$ form a disjoint countable cover of $C$, so we cannot omit a single member of it (we need $[x_n, x_{n+1})$ to cover $x_n$, e.g.), so there is no finite subcover of it that still covers $C$.
          This contradicts that $C$ is compact.



          We conclude that $C$ has no infinite strictly increasing sequences. Or otherwise put: $C$ in the reverse order (from the standard one) is well-ordered.



          And so we have shown that every compact subset of $C$ corresponds to a well-ordered subset of $mathbb{R}$ (by reversing the order, and note that the reals are order isomorphic to its reverse order). And all well-ordered subsets of $mathbb{R}$ are (at most) countable (this follows from several arguments, including one using second countability, e.g.).






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            why $C$ compact having no infinite strictly increasing sequences is the same as $C$ in the reverse order being well-ordered?
            $endgroup$
            – creepyrodent
            Nov 6 '18 at 14:08






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            @dude3221 A strict linearly ordered set $(X,<)$ is well-ordered (every non-empty subset has a minimum) iff there are no infinite decreasing sequences under $<$. This is classical.
            $endgroup$
            – Henno Brandsma
            Nov 6 '18 at 14:11
















          9












          $begingroup$

          Let $C$ be a compact subset of the Sorgenfrey line (so $X = mathbb{R}$ with a base of open
          sets of the form $[a,b)$, for $a < b$). The usual (order) topology on $mathbb{R}$ is coarser (as all open intervals $(a,b)$ can be written as unions of Sorgenfrey-open sets $[a+frac{1}{n}, b)$ for large enough $n$, so are Sorgenfrey-open as well) so $C$ is compact in the usual topology as well. This means in particular that $C$ is closed and bounded in the usual topology on $mathbb{R}$.



          Suppose that $x_0 < x_1 < x_2 < ldots $ is a strictly increasing sequence in $C$, and let $c = sup {x_n: n =0,1,ldots }$, which exists and lies in $C$ by the above remarks. Also let $m = min(C)$, which also exists by the same.



          Then the sets $[c,rightarrow)$ and $[m, x_0)$ (if non-empty), $[x_n, x_{n+1})$, for $n ge 0$ form a disjoint countable cover of $C$, so we cannot omit a single member of it (we need $[x_n, x_{n+1})$ to cover $x_n$, e.g.), so there is no finite subcover of it that still covers $C$.
          This contradicts that $C$ is compact.



          We conclude that $C$ has no infinite strictly increasing sequences. Or otherwise put: $C$ in the reverse order (from the standard one) is well-ordered.



          And so we have shown that every compact subset of $C$ corresponds to a well-ordered subset of $mathbb{R}$ (by reversing the order, and note that the reals are order isomorphic to its reverse order). And all well-ordered subsets of $mathbb{R}$ are (at most) countable (this follows from several arguments, including one using second countability, e.g.).






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            why $C$ compact having no infinite strictly increasing sequences is the same as $C$ in the reverse order being well-ordered?
            $endgroup$
            – creepyrodent
            Nov 6 '18 at 14:08






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            @dude3221 A strict linearly ordered set $(X,<)$ is well-ordered (every non-empty subset has a minimum) iff there are no infinite decreasing sequences under $<$. This is classical.
            $endgroup$
            – Henno Brandsma
            Nov 6 '18 at 14:11














          9












          9








          9





          $begingroup$

          Let $C$ be a compact subset of the Sorgenfrey line (so $X = mathbb{R}$ with a base of open
          sets of the form $[a,b)$, for $a < b$). The usual (order) topology on $mathbb{R}$ is coarser (as all open intervals $(a,b)$ can be written as unions of Sorgenfrey-open sets $[a+frac{1}{n}, b)$ for large enough $n$, so are Sorgenfrey-open as well) so $C$ is compact in the usual topology as well. This means in particular that $C$ is closed and bounded in the usual topology on $mathbb{R}$.



          Suppose that $x_0 < x_1 < x_2 < ldots $ is a strictly increasing sequence in $C$, and let $c = sup {x_n: n =0,1,ldots }$, which exists and lies in $C$ by the above remarks. Also let $m = min(C)$, which also exists by the same.



          Then the sets $[c,rightarrow)$ and $[m, x_0)$ (if non-empty), $[x_n, x_{n+1})$, for $n ge 0$ form a disjoint countable cover of $C$, so we cannot omit a single member of it (we need $[x_n, x_{n+1})$ to cover $x_n$, e.g.), so there is no finite subcover of it that still covers $C$.
          This contradicts that $C$ is compact.



          We conclude that $C$ has no infinite strictly increasing sequences. Or otherwise put: $C$ in the reverse order (from the standard one) is well-ordered.



          And so we have shown that every compact subset of $C$ corresponds to a well-ordered subset of $mathbb{R}$ (by reversing the order, and note that the reals are order isomorphic to its reverse order). And all well-ordered subsets of $mathbb{R}$ are (at most) countable (this follows from several arguments, including one using second countability, e.g.).






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$



          Let $C$ be a compact subset of the Sorgenfrey line (so $X = mathbb{R}$ with a base of open
          sets of the form $[a,b)$, for $a < b$). The usual (order) topology on $mathbb{R}$ is coarser (as all open intervals $(a,b)$ can be written as unions of Sorgenfrey-open sets $[a+frac{1}{n}, b)$ for large enough $n$, so are Sorgenfrey-open as well) so $C$ is compact in the usual topology as well. This means in particular that $C$ is closed and bounded in the usual topology on $mathbb{R}$.



          Suppose that $x_0 < x_1 < x_2 < ldots $ is a strictly increasing sequence in $C$, and let $c = sup {x_n: n =0,1,ldots }$, which exists and lies in $C$ by the above remarks. Also let $m = min(C)$, which also exists by the same.



          Then the sets $[c,rightarrow)$ and $[m, x_0)$ (if non-empty), $[x_n, x_{n+1})$, for $n ge 0$ form a disjoint countable cover of $C$, so we cannot omit a single member of it (we need $[x_n, x_{n+1})$ to cover $x_n$, e.g.), so there is no finite subcover of it that still covers $C$.
          This contradicts that $C$ is compact.



          We conclude that $C$ has no infinite strictly increasing sequences. Or otherwise put: $C$ in the reverse order (from the standard one) is well-ordered.



          And so we have shown that every compact subset of $C$ corresponds to a well-ordered subset of $mathbb{R}$ (by reversing the order, and note that the reals are order isomorphic to its reverse order). And all well-ordered subsets of $mathbb{R}$ are (at most) countable (this follows from several arguments, including one using second countability, e.g.).







          share|cite|improve this answer














          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer








          edited Jan 28 at 9:11

























          answered Jul 14 '12 at 12:12









          Henno BrandsmaHenno Brandsma

          114k348123




          114k348123












          • $begingroup$
            why $C$ compact having no infinite strictly increasing sequences is the same as $C$ in the reverse order being well-ordered?
            $endgroup$
            – creepyrodent
            Nov 6 '18 at 14:08






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            @dude3221 A strict linearly ordered set $(X,<)$ is well-ordered (every non-empty subset has a minimum) iff there are no infinite decreasing sequences under $<$. This is classical.
            $endgroup$
            – Henno Brandsma
            Nov 6 '18 at 14:11


















          • $begingroup$
            why $C$ compact having no infinite strictly increasing sequences is the same as $C$ in the reverse order being well-ordered?
            $endgroup$
            – creepyrodent
            Nov 6 '18 at 14:08






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            @dude3221 A strict linearly ordered set $(X,<)$ is well-ordered (every non-empty subset has a minimum) iff there are no infinite decreasing sequences under $<$. This is classical.
            $endgroup$
            – Henno Brandsma
            Nov 6 '18 at 14:11
















          $begingroup$
          why $C$ compact having no infinite strictly increasing sequences is the same as $C$ in the reverse order being well-ordered?
          $endgroup$
          – creepyrodent
          Nov 6 '18 at 14:08




          $begingroup$
          why $C$ compact having no infinite strictly increasing sequences is the same as $C$ in the reverse order being well-ordered?
          $endgroup$
          – creepyrodent
          Nov 6 '18 at 14:08




          1




          1




          $begingroup$
          @dude3221 A strict linearly ordered set $(X,<)$ is well-ordered (every non-empty subset has a minimum) iff there are no infinite decreasing sequences under $<$. This is classical.
          $endgroup$
          – Henno Brandsma
          Nov 6 '18 at 14:11




          $begingroup$
          @dude3221 A strict linearly ordered set $(X,<)$ is well-ordered (every non-empty subset has a minimum) iff there are no infinite decreasing sequences under $<$. This is classical.
          $endgroup$
          – Henno Brandsma
          Nov 6 '18 at 14:11











          6












          $begingroup$

          Hint: any uncountable set of real numbers contains a strictly increasing infinite sequence.



          Hint 2 (added later): show that if a subspace $X$ of the Sorgenfrey line contains a strictly increasing infinite sequence, then $X$ has an open cover with no finite subcover.






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$









          • 1




            $begingroup$
            @John But Collin's right.
            $endgroup$
            – martini
            Jul 12 '12 at 12:59






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            You should try it yourself, for starters. And in the classical topology of $mathbb R$ such sequences can be convergent in contrast to the Sorgenfrey case, where such sequences can't have a convergent subsequence ...
            $endgroup$
            – martini
            Jul 12 '12 at 13:06










          • $begingroup$
            @John: see my second hint above.
            $endgroup$
            – Colin McQuillan
            Jul 12 '12 at 13:44










          • $begingroup$
            The Sorgenfrey line is totally disconnected. One can prove that an infinite totally disconnected space doesn't have uncountable compact subsets, even when it's not discret.
            $endgroup$
            – Temitope.A
            Jul 20 '12 at 13:08










          • $begingroup$
            @Temitope.A Nonsense. The Cantor set is uncountable, totally disconnected and compact.
            $endgroup$
            – Henno Brandsma
            Jan 28 at 9:14
















          6












          $begingroup$

          Hint: any uncountable set of real numbers contains a strictly increasing infinite sequence.



          Hint 2 (added later): show that if a subspace $X$ of the Sorgenfrey line contains a strictly increasing infinite sequence, then $X$ has an open cover with no finite subcover.






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$









          • 1




            $begingroup$
            @John But Collin's right.
            $endgroup$
            – martini
            Jul 12 '12 at 12:59






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            You should try it yourself, for starters. And in the classical topology of $mathbb R$ such sequences can be convergent in contrast to the Sorgenfrey case, where such sequences can't have a convergent subsequence ...
            $endgroup$
            – martini
            Jul 12 '12 at 13:06










          • $begingroup$
            @John: see my second hint above.
            $endgroup$
            – Colin McQuillan
            Jul 12 '12 at 13:44










          • $begingroup$
            The Sorgenfrey line is totally disconnected. One can prove that an infinite totally disconnected space doesn't have uncountable compact subsets, even when it's not discret.
            $endgroup$
            – Temitope.A
            Jul 20 '12 at 13:08










          • $begingroup$
            @Temitope.A Nonsense. The Cantor set is uncountable, totally disconnected and compact.
            $endgroup$
            – Henno Brandsma
            Jan 28 at 9:14














          6












          6








          6





          $begingroup$

          Hint: any uncountable set of real numbers contains a strictly increasing infinite sequence.



          Hint 2 (added later): show that if a subspace $X$ of the Sorgenfrey line contains a strictly increasing infinite sequence, then $X$ has an open cover with no finite subcover.






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$



          Hint: any uncountable set of real numbers contains a strictly increasing infinite sequence.



          Hint 2 (added later): show that if a subspace $X$ of the Sorgenfrey line contains a strictly increasing infinite sequence, then $X$ has an open cover with no finite subcover.







          share|cite|improve this answer














          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer








          edited Jul 12 '12 at 13:43

























          answered Jul 12 '12 at 11:58









          Colin McQuillanColin McQuillan

          4,2681114




          4,2681114








          • 1




            $begingroup$
            @John But Collin's right.
            $endgroup$
            – martini
            Jul 12 '12 at 12:59






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            You should try it yourself, for starters. And in the classical topology of $mathbb R$ such sequences can be convergent in contrast to the Sorgenfrey case, where such sequences can't have a convergent subsequence ...
            $endgroup$
            – martini
            Jul 12 '12 at 13:06










          • $begingroup$
            @John: see my second hint above.
            $endgroup$
            – Colin McQuillan
            Jul 12 '12 at 13:44










          • $begingroup$
            The Sorgenfrey line is totally disconnected. One can prove that an infinite totally disconnected space doesn't have uncountable compact subsets, even when it's not discret.
            $endgroup$
            – Temitope.A
            Jul 20 '12 at 13:08










          • $begingroup$
            @Temitope.A Nonsense. The Cantor set is uncountable, totally disconnected and compact.
            $endgroup$
            – Henno Brandsma
            Jan 28 at 9:14














          • 1




            $begingroup$
            @John But Collin's right.
            $endgroup$
            – martini
            Jul 12 '12 at 12:59






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            You should try it yourself, for starters. And in the classical topology of $mathbb R$ such sequences can be convergent in contrast to the Sorgenfrey case, where such sequences can't have a convergent subsequence ...
            $endgroup$
            – martini
            Jul 12 '12 at 13:06










          • $begingroup$
            @John: see my second hint above.
            $endgroup$
            – Colin McQuillan
            Jul 12 '12 at 13:44










          • $begingroup$
            The Sorgenfrey line is totally disconnected. One can prove that an infinite totally disconnected space doesn't have uncountable compact subsets, even when it's not discret.
            $endgroup$
            – Temitope.A
            Jul 20 '12 at 13:08










          • $begingroup$
            @Temitope.A Nonsense. The Cantor set is uncountable, totally disconnected and compact.
            $endgroup$
            – Henno Brandsma
            Jan 28 at 9:14








          1




          1




          $begingroup$
          @John But Collin's right.
          $endgroup$
          – martini
          Jul 12 '12 at 12:59




          $begingroup$
          @John But Collin's right.
          $endgroup$
          – martini
          Jul 12 '12 at 12:59




          1




          1




          $begingroup$
          You should try it yourself, for starters. And in the classical topology of $mathbb R$ such sequences can be convergent in contrast to the Sorgenfrey case, where such sequences can't have a convergent subsequence ...
          $endgroup$
          – martini
          Jul 12 '12 at 13:06




          $begingroup$
          You should try it yourself, for starters. And in the classical topology of $mathbb R$ such sequences can be convergent in contrast to the Sorgenfrey case, where such sequences can't have a convergent subsequence ...
          $endgroup$
          – martini
          Jul 12 '12 at 13:06












          $begingroup$
          @John: see my second hint above.
          $endgroup$
          – Colin McQuillan
          Jul 12 '12 at 13:44




          $begingroup$
          @John: see my second hint above.
          $endgroup$
          – Colin McQuillan
          Jul 12 '12 at 13:44












          $begingroup$
          The Sorgenfrey line is totally disconnected. One can prove that an infinite totally disconnected space doesn't have uncountable compact subsets, even when it's not discret.
          $endgroup$
          – Temitope.A
          Jul 20 '12 at 13:08




          $begingroup$
          The Sorgenfrey line is totally disconnected. One can prove that an infinite totally disconnected space doesn't have uncountable compact subsets, even when it's not discret.
          $endgroup$
          – Temitope.A
          Jul 20 '12 at 13:08












          $begingroup$
          @Temitope.A Nonsense. The Cantor set is uncountable, totally disconnected and compact.
          $endgroup$
          – Henno Brandsma
          Jan 28 at 9:14




          $begingroup$
          @Temitope.A Nonsense. The Cantor set is uncountable, totally disconnected and compact.
          $endgroup$
          – Henno Brandsma
          Jan 28 at 9:14











          -5












          $begingroup$

          not true. The compact subsets of Sorgenfrey line must be finite sets. If it is infinite countable set even it can not be compact in the ususal topology on R






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            this doesn't make any sense. [0,1] is compact in $mathbb R$ with the usual topology and is even uncountable infinite. And what has this to do with the Sorgenfrey line anyway??
            $endgroup$
            – noctusraid
            Feb 10 '16 at 9:27


















          -5












          $begingroup$

          not true. The compact subsets of Sorgenfrey line must be finite sets. If it is infinite countable set even it can not be compact in the ususal topology on R






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            this doesn't make any sense. [0,1] is compact in $mathbb R$ with the usual topology and is even uncountable infinite. And what has this to do with the Sorgenfrey line anyway??
            $endgroup$
            – noctusraid
            Feb 10 '16 at 9:27
















          -5












          -5








          -5





          $begingroup$

          not true. The compact subsets of Sorgenfrey line must be finite sets. If it is infinite countable set even it can not be compact in the ususal topology on R






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$



          not true. The compact subsets of Sorgenfrey line must be finite sets. If it is infinite countable set even it can not be compact in the ususal topology on R







          share|cite|improve this answer












          share|cite|improve this answer



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          answered Feb 10 '16 at 9:23









          cenap ozelcenap ozel

          1




          1












          • $begingroup$
            this doesn't make any sense. [0,1] is compact in $mathbb R$ with the usual topology and is even uncountable infinite. And what has this to do with the Sorgenfrey line anyway??
            $endgroup$
            – noctusraid
            Feb 10 '16 at 9:27




















          • $begingroup$
            this doesn't make any sense. [0,1] is compact in $mathbb R$ with the usual topology and is even uncountable infinite. And what has this to do with the Sorgenfrey line anyway??
            $endgroup$
            – noctusraid
            Feb 10 '16 at 9:27


















          $begingroup$
          this doesn't make any sense. [0,1] is compact in $mathbb R$ with the usual topology and is even uncountable infinite. And what has this to do with the Sorgenfrey line anyway??
          $endgroup$
          – noctusraid
          Feb 10 '16 at 9:27






          $begingroup$
          this doesn't make any sense. [0,1] is compact in $mathbb R$ with the usual topology and is even uncountable infinite. And what has this to do with the Sorgenfrey line anyway??
          $endgroup$
          – noctusraid
          Feb 10 '16 at 9:27




















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