find the maximal ideal of the ring ?.












1












$begingroup$


find the maximal ideal of the ring $$ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $$



My attempt :here the only proper ideal containing $(x^2)$ are $(x)$ and $(x^2)$, so , we have two maximal ideal that is $(x)$ and $(x^2)$



Is its correct ?



any hints/solution will be appreciated










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 3




    $begingroup$
    No: $(x^2)$ is not maximal.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 6 at 2:13










  • $begingroup$
    @Bernard im not getting can u elaborate this ?
    $endgroup$
    – jasmine
    Jan 6 at 2:15






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    The quotient $mathbf R[x]/(x^2)$ is not a jeld, not even an integral domain, since $x$ is nilpotent ($x^2=0$ in the quotient). But $(x)$ is maximal since the quotient $mathbf R[x]/(x)$ is isomorphic tp $mathbf R$.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 6 at 2:19






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    @jasmine, $x^2 = x(x - 0) = 0$. So it has a root, so it is reducible, so it is not prime, so it is not maximal
    $endgroup$
    – IAmNoOne
    Jan 6 at 2:31


















1












$begingroup$


find the maximal ideal of the ring $$ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $$



My attempt :here the only proper ideal containing $(x^2)$ are $(x)$ and $(x^2)$, so , we have two maximal ideal that is $(x)$ and $(x^2)$



Is its correct ?



any hints/solution will be appreciated










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 3




    $begingroup$
    No: $(x^2)$ is not maximal.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 6 at 2:13










  • $begingroup$
    @Bernard im not getting can u elaborate this ?
    $endgroup$
    – jasmine
    Jan 6 at 2:15






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    The quotient $mathbf R[x]/(x^2)$ is not a jeld, not even an integral domain, since $x$ is nilpotent ($x^2=0$ in the quotient). But $(x)$ is maximal since the quotient $mathbf R[x]/(x)$ is isomorphic tp $mathbf R$.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 6 at 2:19






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    @jasmine, $x^2 = x(x - 0) = 0$. So it has a root, so it is reducible, so it is not prime, so it is not maximal
    $endgroup$
    – IAmNoOne
    Jan 6 at 2:31
















1












1








1


1



$begingroup$


find the maximal ideal of the ring $$ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $$



My attempt :here the only proper ideal containing $(x^2)$ are $(x)$ and $(x^2)$, so , we have two maximal ideal that is $(x)$ and $(x^2)$



Is its correct ?



any hints/solution will be appreciated










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




find the maximal ideal of the ring $$ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $$



My attempt :here the only proper ideal containing $(x^2)$ are $(x)$ and $(x^2)$, so , we have two maximal ideal that is $(x)$ and $(x^2)$



Is its correct ?



any hints/solution will be appreciated







abstract-algebra ring-theory






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Jan 6 at 3:28









J. W. Tanner

51010




51010










asked Jan 6 at 2:11









jasminejasmine

1,689416




1,689416








  • 3




    $begingroup$
    No: $(x^2)$ is not maximal.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 6 at 2:13










  • $begingroup$
    @Bernard im not getting can u elaborate this ?
    $endgroup$
    – jasmine
    Jan 6 at 2:15






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    The quotient $mathbf R[x]/(x^2)$ is not a jeld, not even an integral domain, since $x$ is nilpotent ($x^2=0$ in the quotient). But $(x)$ is maximal since the quotient $mathbf R[x]/(x)$ is isomorphic tp $mathbf R$.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 6 at 2:19






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    @jasmine, $x^2 = x(x - 0) = 0$. So it has a root, so it is reducible, so it is not prime, so it is not maximal
    $endgroup$
    – IAmNoOne
    Jan 6 at 2:31
















  • 3




    $begingroup$
    No: $(x^2)$ is not maximal.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 6 at 2:13










  • $begingroup$
    @Bernard im not getting can u elaborate this ?
    $endgroup$
    – jasmine
    Jan 6 at 2:15






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    The quotient $mathbf R[x]/(x^2)$ is not a jeld, not even an integral domain, since $x$ is nilpotent ($x^2=0$ in the quotient). But $(x)$ is maximal since the quotient $mathbf R[x]/(x)$ is isomorphic tp $mathbf R$.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 6 at 2:19






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    @jasmine, $x^2 = x(x - 0) = 0$. So it has a root, so it is reducible, so it is not prime, so it is not maximal
    $endgroup$
    – IAmNoOne
    Jan 6 at 2:31










3




3




$begingroup$
No: $(x^2)$ is not maximal.
$endgroup$
– Bernard
Jan 6 at 2:13




$begingroup$
No: $(x^2)$ is not maximal.
$endgroup$
– Bernard
Jan 6 at 2:13












$begingroup$
@Bernard im not getting can u elaborate this ?
$endgroup$
– jasmine
Jan 6 at 2:15




$begingroup$
@Bernard im not getting can u elaborate this ?
$endgroup$
– jasmine
Jan 6 at 2:15




1




1




$begingroup$
The quotient $mathbf R[x]/(x^2)$ is not a jeld, not even an integral domain, since $x$ is nilpotent ($x^2=0$ in the quotient). But $(x)$ is maximal since the quotient $mathbf R[x]/(x)$ is isomorphic tp $mathbf R$.
$endgroup$
– Bernard
Jan 6 at 2:19




$begingroup$
The quotient $mathbf R[x]/(x^2)$ is not a jeld, not even an integral domain, since $x$ is nilpotent ($x^2=0$ in the quotient). But $(x)$ is maximal since the quotient $mathbf R[x]/(x)$ is isomorphic tp $mathbf R$.
$endgroup$
– Bernard
Jan 6 at 2:19




2




2




$begingroup$
@jasmine, $x^2 = x(x - 0) = 0$. So it has a root, so it is reducible, so it is not prime, so it is not maximal
$endgroup$
– IAmNoOne
Jan 6 at 2:31






$begingroup$
@jasmine, $x^2 = x(x - 0) = 0$. So it has a root, so it is reducible, so it is not prime, so it is not maximal
$endgroup$
– IAmNoOne
Jan 6 at 2:31












4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes


















3












$begingroup$

Let $varphi:mathbb{R}[x]rightarrow R:=mathbb{R}[x]/(x^2)$ be the canonical homomorphism. There is a bijective correspondence between the ideals of $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contain the ideal $(x^2)$ and the ideals of R, given by $I mapsto varphi (I)$. The only ideals of $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contains $(x^2)$ are $mathbb {R}[x]$, $(x)$ and $(x^2)$, so $R$ has only three ideals: $R$, $(bar x)$ and $(bar x^2)$. Clearly $(0)=(bar x^2)subsetneq (bar x)subsetneq R$, which makes it clear that $(bar x)$ is the only maximal ideal of $R$.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$





















    3












    $begingroup$

    There is a bijective correspondence between the ideals of $x^2$ in $mathbb{R}[x]$ and in $dfrac{mathbb{R}}{x^2}$ by using Lattice Isomorphism Theorem. A maximal ideal in $dfrac{mathbb{R}}{x^2}$ corresponds to a maximal ideal in $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contains $(x^2)$. So, find such ideals. $mathbb{R}$ has three ideals which are $mathbb{R},(x),(x^2)$. Clearly, $(x)$ is the maximal ideal.






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$





















      3












      $begingroup$

      Hint: The maximal ideal in $frac{Bbb R[x]}{(x^2)}$ is clearly $(x)$,because it is the only one containing $(x^2)$ as a proper subset.



      Towards a proof, note that $(x^2)$ contains all polynomials without an $x$ or a constant term. Next $(x)$ consists in those polynomials in $x$ with no constant term. It's pretty clear this is as far as it goes, because if there's a polynomial with a nonzero constant term, we can subtract the same polynomial minus that constant (which is also in the ideal by a simple argument, namely that it contains $x$) thus getting a nonzero constant (i.e. a unit).



      Let me clarify the last part by an example: so, why wouldn't $(x-6)$ be maximal? Well, multiply $x-6$ by $x$. Get $x^2-6xequiv -6x$. Then we get $x$, then $6$, then $1$.






      share|cite|improve this answer











      $endgroup$





















        1












        $begingroup$

        Let $P$ be a maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $. Hence it is a prime ideal and so there exists a prime ideal $Q$ of $ mathbb{R}[x]$ such that $P=Q/(x^2)$. Thus, $x^2in Q$. Hence, $xin Q$. This shows that every maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $ is contained in $(x)/(x^2)$. Therefore, $(x)/(x^2)$ is the only maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $.






        share|cite|improve this answer









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          4 Answers
          4






          active

          oldest

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          4 Answers
          4






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes









          3












          $begingroup$

          Let $varphi:mathbb{R}[x]rightarrow R:=mathbb{R}[x]/(x^2)$ be the canonical homomorphism. There is a bijective correspondence between the ideals of $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contain the ideal $(x^2)$ and the ideals of R, given by $I mapsto varphi (I)$. The only ideals of $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contains $(x^2)$ are $mathbb {R}[x]$, $(x)$ and $(x^2)$, so $R$ has only three ideals: $R$, $(bar x)$ and $(bar x^2)$. Clearly $(0)=(bar x^2)subsetneq (bar x)subsetneq R$, which makes it clear that $(bar x)$ is the only maximal ideal of $R$.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$


















            3












            $begingroup$

            Let $varphi:mathbb{R}[x]rightarrow R:=mathbb{R}[x]/(x^2)$ be the canonical homomorphism. There is a bijective correspondence between the ideals of $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contain the ideal $(x^2)$ and the ideals of R, given by $I mapsto varphi (I)$. The only ideals of $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contains $(x^2)$ are $mathbb {R}[x]$, $(x)$ and $(x^2)$, so $R$ has only three ideals: $R$, $(bar x)$ and $(bar x^2)$. Clearly $(0)=(bar x^2)subsetneq (bar x)subsetneq R$, which makes it clear that $(bar x)$ is the only maximal ideal of $R$.






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$
















              3












              3








              3





              $begingroup$

              Let $varphi:mathbb{R}[x]rightarrow R:=mathbb{R}[x]/(x^2)$ be the canonical homomorphism. There is a bijective correspondence between the ideals of $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contain the ideal $(x^2)$ and the ideals of R, given by $I mapsto varphi (I)$. The only ideals of $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contains $(x^2)$ are $mathbb {R}[x]$, $(x)$ and $(x^2)$, so $R$ has only three ideals: $R$, $(bar x)$ and $(bar x^2)$. Clearly $(0)=(bar x^2)subsetneq (bar x)subsetneq R$, which makes it clear that $(bar x)$ is the only maximal ideal of $R$.






              share|cite|improve this answer









              $endgroup$



              Let $varphi:mathbb{R}[x]rightarrow R:=mathbb{R}[x]/(x^2)$ be the canonical homomorphism. There is a bijective correspondence between the ideals of $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contain the ideal $(x^2)$ and the ideals of R, given by $I mapsto varphi (I)$. The only ideals of $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contains $(x^2)$ are $mathbb {R}[x]$, $(x)$ and $(x^2)$, so $R$ has only three ideals: $R$, $(bar x)$ and $(bar x^2)$. Clearly $(0)=(bar x^2)subsetneq (bar x)subsetneq R$, which makes it clear that $(bar x)$ is the only maximal ideal of $R$.







              share|cite|improve this answer












              share|cite|improve this answer



              share|cite|improve this answer










              answered Jan 6 at 2:33









              user544921user544921

              12717




              12717























                  3












                  $begingroup$

                  There is a bijective correspondence between the ideals of $x^2$ in $mathbb{R}[x]$ and in $dfrac{mathbb{R}}{x^2}$ by using Lattice Isomorphism Theorem. A maximal ideal in $dfrac{mathbb{R}}{x^2}$ corresponds to a maximal ideal in $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contains $(x^2)$. So, find such ideals. $mathbb{R}$ has three ideals which are $mathbb{R},(x),(x^2)$. Clearly, $(x)$ is the maximal ideal.






                  share|cite|improve this answer











                  $endgroup$


















                    3












                    $begingroup$

                    There is a bijective correspondence between the ideals of $x^2$ in $mathbb{R}[x]$ and in $dfrac{mathbb{R}}{x^2}$ by using Lattice Isomorphism Theorem. A maximal ideal in $dfrac{mathbb{R}}{x^2}$ corresponds to a maximal ideal in $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contains $(x^2)$. So, find such ideals. $mathbb{R}$ has three ideals which are $mathbb{R},(x),(x^2)$. Clearly, $(x)$ is the maximal ideal.






                    share|cite|improve this answer











                    $endgroup$
















                      3












                      3








                      3





                      $begingroup$

                      There is a bijective correspondence between the ideals of $x^2$ in $mathbb{R}[x]$ and in $dfrac{mathbb{R}}{x^2}$ by using Lattice Isomorphism Theorem. A maximal ideal in $dfrac{mathbb{R}}{x^2}$ corresponds to a maximal ideal in $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contains $(x^2)$. So, find such ideals. $mathbb{R}$ has three ideals which are $mathbb{R},(x),(x^2)$. Clearly, $(x)$ is the maximal ideal.






                      share|cite|improve this answer











                      $endgroup$



                      There is a bijective correspondence between the ideals of $x^2$ in $mathbb{R}[x]$ and in $dfrac{mathbb{R}}{x^2}$ by using Lattice Isomorphism Theorem. A maximal ideal in $dfrac{mathbb{R}}{x^2}$ corresponds to a maximal ideal in $mathbb{R}[x]$ that contains $(x^2)$. So, find such ideals. $mathbb{R}$ has three ideals which are $mathbb{R},(x),(x^2)$. Clearly, $(x)$ is the maximal ideal.







                      share|cite|improve this answer














                      share|cite|improve this answer



                      share|cite|improve this answer








                      edited Jan 6 at 3:00

























                      answered Jan 6 at 2:35









                      Key FlexKey Flex

                      7,83961232




                      7,83961232























                          3












                          $begingroup$

                          Hint: The maximal ideal in $frac{Bbb R[x]}{(x^2)}$ is clearly $(x)$,because it is the only one containing $(x^2)$ as a proper subset.



                          Towards a proof, note that $(x^2)$ contains all polynomials without an $x$ or a constant term. Next $(x)$ consists in those polynomials in $x$ with no constant term. It's pretty clear this is as far as it goes, because if there's a polynomial with a nonzero constant term, we can subtract the same polynomial minus that constant (which is also in the ideal by a simple argument, namely that it contains $x$) thus getting a nonzero constant (i.e. a unit).



                          Let me clarify the last part by an example: so, why wouldn't $(x-6)$ be maximal? Well, multiply $x-6$ by $x$. Get $x^2-6xequiv -6x$. Then we get $x$, then $6$, then $1$.






                          share|cite|improve this answer











                          $endgroup$


















                            3












                            $begingroup$

                            Hint: The maximal ideal in $frac{Bbb R[x]}{(x^2)}$ is clearly $(x)$,because it is the only one containing $(x^2)$ as a proper subset.



                            Towards a proof, note that $(x^2)$ contains all polynomials without an $x$ or a constant term. Next $(x)$ consists in those polynomials in $x$ with no constant term. It's pretty clear this is as far as it goes, because if there's a polynomial with a nonzero constant term, we can subtract the same polynomial minus that constant (which is also in the ideal by a simple argument, namely that it contains $x$) thus getting a nonzero constant (i.e. a unit).



                            Let me clarify the last part by an example: so, why wouldn't $(x-6)$ be maximal? Well, multiply $x-6$ by $x$. Get $x^2-6xequiv -6x$. Then we get $x$, then $6$, then $1$.






                            share|cite|improve this answer











                            $endgroup$
















                              3












                              3








                              3





                              $begingroup$

                              Hint: The maximal ideal in $frac{Bbb R[x]}{(x^2)}$ is clearly $(x)$,because it is the only one containing $(x^2)$ as a proper subset.



                              Towards a proof, note that $(x^2)$ contains all polynomials without an $x$ or a constant term. Next $(x)$ consists in those polynomials in $x$ with no constant term. It's pretty clear this is as far as it goes, because if there's a polynomial with a nonzero constant term, we can subtract the same polynomial minus that constant (which is also in the ideal by a simple argument, namely that it contains $x$) thus getting a nonzero constant (i.e. a unit).



                              Let me clarify the last part by an example: so, why wouldn't $(x-6)$ be maximal? Well, multiply $x-6$ by $x$. Get $x^2-6xequiv -6x$. Then we get $x$, then $6$, then $1$.






                              share|cite|improve this answer











                              $endgroup$



                              Hint: The maximal ideal in $frac{Bbb R[x]}{(x^2)}$ is clearly $(x)$,because it is the only one containing $(x^2)$ as a proper subset.



                              Towards a proof, note that $(x^2)$ contains all polynomials without an $x$ or a constant term. Next $(x)$ consists in those polynomials in $x$ with no constant term. It's pretty clear this is as far as it goes, because if there's a polynomial with a nonzero constant term, we can subtract the same polynomial minus that constant (which is also in the ideal by a simple argument, namely that it contains $x$) thus getting a nonzero constant (i.e. a unit).



                              Let me clarify the last part by an example: so, why wouldn't $(x-6)$ be maximal? Well, multiply $x-6$ by $x$. Get $x^2-6xequiv -6x$. Then we get $x$, then $6$, then $1$.







                              share|cite|improve this answer














                              share|cite|improve this answer



                              share|cite|improve this answer








                              edited Jan 6 at 4:23

























                              answered Jan 6 at 3:25









                              Chris CusterChris Custer

                              11.6k3824




                              11.6k3824























                                  1












                                  $begingroup$

                                  Let $P$ be a maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $. Hence it is a prime ideal and so there exists a prime ideal $Q$ of $ mathbb{R}[x]$ such that $P=Q/(x^2)$. Thus, $x^2in Q$. Hence, $xin Q$. This shows that every maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $ is contained in $(x)/(x^2)$. Therefore, $(x)/(x^2)$ is the only maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $.






                                  share|cite|improve this answer









                                  $endgroup$


















                                    1












                                    $begingroup$

                                    Let $P$ be a maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $. Hence it is a prime ideal and so there exists a prime ideal $Q$ of $ mathbb{R}[x]$ such that $P=Q/(x^2)$. Thus, $x^2in Q$. Hence, $xin Q$. This shows that every maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $ is contained in $(x)/(x^2)$. Therefore, $(x)/(x^2)$ is the only maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $.






                                    share|cite|improve this answer









                                    $endgroup$
















                                      1












                                      1








                                      1





                                      $begingroup$

                                      Let $P$ be a maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $. Hence it is a prime ideal and so there exists a prime ideal $Q$ of $ mathbb{R}[x]$ such that $P=Q/(x^2)$. Thus, $x^2in Q$. Hence, $xin Q$. This shows that every maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $ is contained in $(x)/(x^2)$. Therefore, $(x)/(x^2)$ is the only maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $.






                                      share|cite|improve this answer









                                      $endgroup$



                                      Let $P$ be a maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $. Hence it is a prime ideal and so there exists a prime ideal $Q$ of $ mathbb{R}[x]$ such that $P=Q/(x^2)$. Thus, $x^2in Q$. Hence, $xin Q$. This shows that every maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $ is contained in $(x)/(x^2)$. Therefore, $(x)/(x^2)$ is the only maximal ideal of $ frac{mathbb{R}[x]}{ (x^2)} $.







                                      share|cite|improve this answer












                                      share|cite|improve this answer



                                      share|cite|improve this answer










                                      answered Jan 6 at 7:54









                                      Es.RoEs.Ro

                                      83228




                                      83228






























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