Mixing
What is the relationship between film speed and the ISO setting on my film camera?
What is the relationship between the speed number of the film you put into your film camera and the ISO adjustable setting on the camera itself? Do you put them on the same number or do you adjust them to suit the environment and lighting you're in?
exposure film camera-settings iso
edited Jan 13 at 3:07
Michael C
131k7149368
asked Jan 12 at 14:19
EavanEavan
211
add a comment |
What is the relationship between the speed number of the film you put into your film camera and the ISO adjustable setting on the camera itself? Do you put them on the same number or do you adjust them to suit the environment and lighting you're in?
exposure film camera-settings iso
edited Jan 13 at 3:07
Michael C
131k7149368
asked Jan 12 at 14:19
EavanEavan
211
Hi, what kind of camera are you using? Are you shooting with the camera in manual mode or with shutter or aperture priority? Are you shooting B+W or color film? Are you processing the film yourself or having a lab do it?
– moorej
Jan 20 at 1:43
add a comment |
What is the relationship between the speed number of the film you put into your film camera and the ISO adjustable setting on the camera itself? Do you put them on the same number or do you adjust them to suit the environment and lighting you're in?
exposure film camera-settings iso
edited Jan 13 at 3:07
Michael C
131k7149368
asked Jan 12 at 14:19
EavanEavan
211
What is the relationship between the speed number of the film you put into your film camera and the ISO adjustable setting on the camera itself? Do you put them on the same number or do you adjust them to suit the environment and lighting you're in?
exposure film camera-settings iso
exposure film camera-settings iso
edited Jan 13 at 3:07
Michael C
131k7149368
asked Jan 12 at 14:19
EavanEavan
211
edited Jan 13 at 3:07
Michael C
131k7149368
asked Jan 12 at 14:19
EavanEavan
211
edited Jan 13 at 3:07
Michael C
131k7149368
edited Jan 13 at 3:07
Michael C
131k7149368
edited Jan 13 at 3:07
Michael C
131k7149368
131k7149368
asked Jan 12 at 14:19
EavanEavan
211
asked Jan 12 at 14:19
EavanEavan
211
asked Jan 12 at 14:19
EavanEavan
211
211
Hi, what kind of camera are you using? Are you shooting with the camera in manual mode or with shutter or aperture priority? Are you shooting B+W or color film? Are you processing the film yourself or having a lab do it?
– moorej
Jan 20 at 1:43
add a comment |
Hi, what kind of camera are you using? Are you shooting with the camera in manual mode or with shutter or aperture priority? Are you shooting B+W or color film? Are you processing the film yourself or having a lab do it?
– moorej
Jan 20 at 1:43
Hi, what kind of camera are you using? Are you shooting with the camera in manual mode or with shutter or aperture priority? Are you shooting B+W or color film? Are you processing the film yourself or having a lab do it?
– moorej
Jan 20 at 1:43
Hi, what kind of camera are you using? Are you shooting with the camera in manual mode or with shutter or aperture priority? Are you shooting B+W or color film? Are you processing the film yourself or having a lab do it?
– moorej
Jan 20 at 1:43
add a comment |
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
In theory, one should set the ISO/ASA of the camera to match the ISO/ASA of the film one loads into the camera. This is what those just learning how to shoot film should start with.
In practice there are times when one might alter the ISO/ASA setting to be different from the loaded film.
- If a film camera does not have an Exposure Compensation dial, one can use the ISO/ASA setting to effectively dial in EC. If, for example, one has loaded ISO 200 speed film and one desires to underexpose by one stop, it's as simple as changing the ISO/ASA setting to ISO 400, which is one stop faster than ISO 200. For the same film, if we wanted to overexpose by 2/3 stop, we could set the film speed to 125 and the meter would give us a reading that would expose 2/3-stop over for 200 speed film.
- Contrast of B&W film can be increased or decreased by over or underexposing when shooting and then compensating by doing the opposite with development times. For example, if one shoots ISO 400 B&W film at ISO 800, the film will be underexposed by one stop. When the film is developed, increasing the amount of time the film is immersed in developer can compensate, but at the expense of less contrast and more grain. Sometimes this look is desirable. Sometimes it is not desired, but the subjects being photographed and the lighting conditions under which they are photographed necessitate "pushing" film. Sports at night, for instance.
Most film manufacturers publish data sheets for each of their films that outline development times for shooting the film at different speeds as well as for developing the film when it is shot at the advertised sensitivity. They also include data regarding exposures longer than about one second (for most films) that are affected by the Schwarzschild effect, also known as reciprocity failure. Each film has different characteristics, and how much compensation must be made for long exposures can vary significantly from one film to the next.
The thing to remember for "pushing" roll film is that the entire roll will be developed at once, so one is committed with shooting the entire roll at a specific ISO/ASA value.
On the other hand, using the ISO/ASA dial for exposure compensation can be done on a per-shot basis. If I take three or four shots of a snow covered landscape, I can increase the exposure so that the camera's meter is not fooled and the white snow doesn't turn out a shade of medium gray, then set the film speed back to its normal setting for subsequent shots taken later under more normal shooting conditions. One must be careful to remember to return the ISO/ASA dial back to the actual speed of the film after taking the shot, though!
Before 135 film started using DX encoding to allow the camera to automatically set the ISO, many 35mm SLRs had a small holder on the back of the film door that was just the right size to hold the square end of a film box. The ends of film boxes almost always had the type of film and speed printed on it. These were often called "film reminders."
answered Jan 12 at 15:26
Michael CMichael C
131k7149368
add a comment |
Photographic film speed is a numerical value that reveals its sensitivity to light. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is responsible to develop and the publish test methods to be used when assigning the ISO to any particular film. The digital community also allocates ISO values that closely mirror the ISO scheme.
Historically, many methods were used to evaluate photographic film as to its sensitivity to light. Because the various test methods used different criteria, different values were often published for the same material. Soon individual countries assigned this task to their Bureau of Standards. We had ASA, American Standards Association, BSA, British Standard Association, DIN, Deutscher Normenausschuß (Germany), GOST, Former Soviet Union and others.
The ISO published value is certainly the setting you should use unless in so doing, substandard results occur. In which case, your remedy will be trial-and-error to discover a revised value that works for you, i.e. specific for your equipment and/or methods of operation.
Why the ISO might need tweaking? Your camera’s shutter speed values or aperture settings (f-numbers) might be off calibration. The light measuring system used (light meter) may also be in need of calibration. The method used to develop film might alter its sensitivity to light. The light sources and/or ambient light might be different as to frequencies (colors) from the test methods used, thus altering the sensitivity of the exposing material.
There are a myriad of possibilities that can alter the published ISO and render it invalid. If you consistently experience substandard results, then it would be wise to apply a correction. Your camera likely provides for this by simply making a + or – adjustment using the exposure compensation dial.
edited Jan 13 at 0:47
Michael Hoffman
1032
answered Jan 12 at 16:31
Alan MarcusAlan Marcus
25.4k23060
Many film cameras did not have an exposure compensation dial. The ASA dial was, in effect, the EC dial as well. Just don't forget to set it back to your film's speed after using it as such!
– Michael C
Jan 13 at 0:56
add a comment |
With film, it's all about density - specifically, an optimally dense negative that contains the perfect clumping of grains so as to maintain shadow detail and highlight detail. If you've ever severely underexposed and underdeveloped a negative, you'd describe it as "thin". Your shadow detail suffers and if you're printing in a traditional darkroom, you may find that your print exposures are too short even at lower f/stops.
The opposite is too dense, or blocked. This is when you are so overexposed that the grains in the negative reveal no highlight detail whatsoever.
Now, who determines optimal density? The people that made your film, according to the ISO standards. If they say that your film is ISO100, then a perfectly captured exposure using ISO100 in camera and following the manufacture recommendation for development will yield an optimally dense negative.
Now, why would you change the camera setting to not be what the film is? For critical film work, we test a roll within a brick (one roll among many in the same manufacturing set) at different ISO's, usually a stop or two below box speed and then every third stop up to and over box speed. What I've found is that it is not uncommon to find that the optimal speed may actually be 2/3 or 1/2 stop below the box speed.
Optimal density - that's one reason. Pushing or Pulling are others. As Michael C noted, also a "hack" to treat ISO as Exposure Compensation on cameras that don't have a dedicated EC. And finally, the worst reason of all: you forgot to update it when you swapped films.
Don't do that last one.
answered Jan 12 at 16:02
HuecoHueco
11.1k32653
This helped me understand it a lot more thank you !!!
– Eavan
Jan 13 at 13:02
@Eavan you’re welcome. Are you printing your photos in a darkroom?
– Hueco
Jan 13 at 16:05
add a comment |
ISO refers to the International Organization for Standardization. ISO produces standards for many things, so that different manufacturers can produce products that work together. One example is screws: a 10-24 nut from one manufacturer will fit a 10-24 machine screw from any other manufacturer.
In photography there's an ISO standard for film speeds. Film that is rated ISO 100 will be exposed correctly when you set your exposure meter for ISO 100.
Same thing for digital: ISO speed describes how fast the sensor is. You set your meter for the ISO speed that you're using and the meter figures out the right exposure.
Either way, photographing a scene with film or sensor set at the same ISO speed will give you the same combinations of aperture and exposure time. If a film camera with ISO 100 film produces a good image at f/8 and 1/250 sec., so will a digital camera set for ISO 100.
The big difference between digital and film is that a digital camera can vary the ISO speed that it uses, while film can't. So if a scene is really dark, it might not be possible to photograph it with slow film; there just isn't enough light, and you would have to change to faster film. A digital camera can do that change automatically, boosting the ISO speed that it's using in order to get an image.
answered Jan 12 at 14:35
Pete BeckerPete Becker
263127
1
Comparing film ISO to digital ISO is a bit more complicated than what your answer suggests, particularly for exposures longer than 1 second or so, for which film users must consider reciprocity failure Even at shorter shutter times, the linear response of digital and the s-curved response of film means that even when mid-tones are exposed the same, highlights and shadows won't always be. Why are these film photos brighter than digital photos taken at the same time with the same settings?
– Michael C
Jan 12 at 14:59
@MichaelC -- comparing film ISO to film ISO for different films, or camera ISO to camera ISO for different cameras, is also a bit more complicated. "Different isn't the same" -- Fred Picker. Beginners don't need that much detail.
– Pete Becker
Jan 12 at 17:27
1
"Beginners don't need that much detail." I respectfully disagree. I think it is wise to instruct new film users to use the film's stated ISO, but also I think we need to avoid giving the impression that some things are always equal when they are not always equal. Rather, we need to teach that different films and different digital cameras are approximately equal in the mid-tones when ISO is the same number.
– Michael C
Jan 13 at 1:47
1
Thanks this really was useful to read I am beginning o understand it a lot more :)
– Eavan
Jan 13 at 13:04
ISO is not an acronym for the International Organization for Standardization. It's a word. It's also pronounced "eye-so" and not "eye-ess-oh". From the iso.org about us page: "Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation internationale de normalisation), our founders decided to give it the short form ISO. ISO is derived from the Greek isos, meaning equal. Whatever the country, whatever the language, we are always ISO."
– Mike Dixon
Jan 17 at 14:43
|
show 1 more comment
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4 Answers
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active
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4 Answers
4
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In theory, one should set the ISO/ASA of the camera to match the ISO/ASA of the film one loads into the camera. This is what those just learning how to shoot film should start with.
In practice there are times when one might alter the ISO/ASA setting to be different from the loaded film.
- If a film camera does not have an Exposure Compensation dial, one can use the ISO/ASA setting to effectively dial in EC. If, for example, one has loaded ISO 200 speed film and one desires to underexpose by one stop, it's as simple as changing the ISO/ASA setting to ISO 400, which is one stop faster than ISO 200. For the same film, if we wanted to overexpose by 2/3 stop, we could set the film speed to 125 and the meter would give us a reading that would expose 2/3-stop over for 200 speed film.
- Contrast of B&W film can be increased or decreased by over or underexposing when shooting and then compensating by doing the opposite with development times. For example, if one shoots ISO 400 B&W film at ISO 800, the film will be underexposed by one stop. When the film is developed, increasing the amount of time the film is immersed in developer can compensate, but at the expense of less contrast and more grain. Sometimes this look is desirable. Sometimes it is not desired, but the subjects being photographed and the lighting conditions under which they are photographed necessitate "pushing" film. Sports at night, for instance.
Most film manufacturers publish data sheets for each of their films that outline development times for shooting the film at different speeds as well as for developing the film when it is shot at the advertised sensitivity. They also include data regarding exposures longer than about one second (for most films) that are affected by the Schwarzschild effect, also known as reciprocity failure. Each film has different characteristics, and how much compensation must be made for long exposures can vary significantly from one film to the next.
The thing to remember for "pushing" roll film is that the entire roll will be developed at once, so one is committed with shooting the entire roll at a specific ISO/ASA value.
On the other hand, using the ISO/ASA dial for exposure compensation can be done on a per-shot basis. If I take three or four shots of a snow covered landscape, I can increase the exposure so that the camera's meter is not fooled and the white snow doesn't turn out a shade of medium gray, then set the film speed back to its normal setting for subsequent shots taken later under more normal shooting conditions. One must be careful to remember to return the ISO/ASA dial back to the actual speed of the film after taking the shot, though!
Before 135 film started using DX encoding to allow the camera to automatically set the ISO, many 35mm SLRs had a small holder on the back of the film door that was just the right size to hold the square end of a film box. The ends of film boxes almost always had the type of film and speed printed on it. These were often called "film reminders."
answered Jan 12 at 15:26
Michael CMichael C
131k7149368
add a comment |
In theory, one should set the ISO/ASA of the camera to match the ISO/ASA of the film one loads into the camera. This is what those just learning how to shoot film should start with.
In practice there are times when one might alter the ISO/ASA setting to be different from the loaded film.
- If a film camera does not have an Exposure Compensation dial, one can use the ISO/ASA setting to effectively dial in EC. If, for example, one has loaded ISO 200 speed film and one desires to underexpose by one stop, it's as simple as changing the ISO/ASA setting to ISO 400, which is one stop faster than ISO 200. For the same film, if we wanted to overexpose by 2/3 stop, we could set the film speed to 125 and the meter would give us a reading that would expose 2/3-stop over for 200 speed film.
- Contrast of B&W film can be increased or decreased by over or underexposing when shooting and then compensating by doing the opposite with development times. For example, if one shoots ISO 400 B&W film at ISO 800, the film will be underexposed by one stop. When the film is developed, increasing the amount of time the film is immersed in developer can compensate, but at the expense of less contrast and more grain. Sometimes this look is desirable. Sometimes it is not desired, but the subjects being photographed and the lighting conditions under which they are photographed necessitate "pushing" film. Sports at night, for instance.
Most film manufacturers publish data sheets for each of their films that outline development times for shooting the film at different speeds as well as for developing the film when it is shot at the advertised sensitivity. They also include data regarding exposures longer than about one second (for most films) that are affected by the Schwarzschild effect, also known as reciprocity failure. Each film has different characteristics, and how much compensation must be made for long exposures can vary significantly from one film to the next.
The thing to remember for "pushing" roll film is that the entire roll will be developed at once, so one is committed with shooting the entire roll at a specific ISO/ASA value.
On the other hand, using the ISO/ASA dial for exposure compensation can be done on a per-shot basis. If I take three or four shots of a snow covered landscape, I can increase the exposure so that the camera's meter is not fooled and the white snow doesn't turn out a shade of medium gray, then set the film speed back to its normal setting for subsequent shots taken later under more normal shooting conditions. One must be careful to remember to return the ISO/ASA dial back to the actual speed of the film after taking the shot, though!
Before 135 film started using DX encoding to allow the camera to automatically set the ISO, many 35mm SLRs had a small holder on the back of the film door that was just the right size to hold the square end of a film box. The ends of film boxes almost always had the type of film and speed printed on it. These were often called "film reminders."
answered Jan 12 at 15:26
Michael CMichael C
131k7149368
add a comment |
In theory, one should set the ISO/ASA of the camera to match the ISO/ASA of the film one loads into the camera. This is what those just learning how to shoot film should start with.
In practice there are times when one might alter the ISO/ASA setting to be different from the loaded film.
- If a film camera does not have an Exposure Compensation dial, one can use the ISO/ASA setting to effectively dial in EC. If, for example, one has loaded ISO 200 speed film and one desires to underexpose by one stop, it's as simple as changing the ISO/ASA setting to ISO 400, which is one stop faster than ISO 200. For the same film, if we wanted to overexpose by 2/3 stop, we could set the film speed to 125 and the meter would give us a reading that would expose 2/3-stop over for 200 speed film.
- Contrast of B&W film can be increased or decreased by over or underexposing when shooting and then compensating by doing the opposite with development times. For example, if one shoots ISO 400 B&W film at ISO 800, the film will be underexposed by one stop. When the film is developed, increasing the amount of time the film is immersed in developer can compensate, but at the expense of less contrast and more grain. Sometimes this look is desirable. Sometimes it is not desired, but the subjects being photographed and the lighting conditions under which they are photographed necessitate "pushing" film. Sports at night, for instance.
Most film manufacturers publish data sheets for each of their films that outline development times for shooting the film at different speeds as well as for developing the film when it is shot at the advertised sensitivity. They also include data regarding exposures longer than about one second (for most films) that are affected by the Schwarzschild effect, also known as reciprocity failure. Each film has different characteristics, and how much compensation must be made for long exposures can vary significantly from one film to the next.
The thing to remember for "pushing" roll film is that the entire roll will be developed at once, so one is committed with shooting the entire roll at a specific ISO/ASA value.
On the other hand, using the ISO/ASA dial for exposure compensation can be done on a per-shot basis. If I take three or four shots of a snow covered landscape, I can increase the exposure so that the camera's meter is not fooled and the white snow doesn't turn out a shade of medium gray, then set the film speed back to its normal setting for subsequent shots taken later under more normal shooting conditions. One must be careful to remember to return the ISO/ASA dial back to the actual speed of the film after taking the shot, though!
Before 135 film started using DX encoding to allow the camera to automatically set the ISO, many 35mm SLRs had a small holder on the back of the film door that was just the right size to hold the square end of a film box. The ends of film boxes almost always had the type of film and speed printed on it. These were often called "film reminders."
answered Jan 12 at 15:26
Michael CMichael C
131k7149368
In theory, one should set the ISO/ASA of the camera to match the ISO/ASA of the film one loads into the camera. This is what those just learning how to shoot film should start with.
In practice there are times when one might alter the ISO/ASA setting to be different from the loaded film.
- If a film camera does not have an Exposure Compensation dial, one can use the ISO/ASA setting to effectively dial in EC. If, for example, one has loaded ISO 200 speed film and one desires to underexpose by one stop, it's as simple as changing the ISO/ASA setting to ISO 400, which is one stop faster than ISO 200. For the same film, if we wanted to overexpose by 2/3 stop, we could set the film speed to 125 and the meter would give us a reading that would expose 2/3-stop over for 200 speed film.
- Contrast of B&W film can be increased or decreased by over or underexposing when shooting and then compensating by doing the opposite with development times. For example, if one shoots ISO 400 B&W film at ISO 800, the film will be underexposed by one stop. When the film is developed, increasing the amount of time the film is immersed in developer can compensate, but at the expense of less contrast and more grain. Sometimes this look is desirable. Sometimes it is not desired, but the subjects being photographed and the lighting conditions under which they are photographed necessitate "pushing" film. Sports at night, for instance.
Most film manufacturers publish data sheets for each of their films that outline development times for shooting the film at different speeds as well as for developing the film when it is shot at the advertised sensitivity. They also include data regarding exposures longer than about one second (for most films) that are affected by the Schwarzschild effect, also known as reciprocity failure. Each film has different characteristics, and how much compensation must be made for long exposures can vary significantly from one film to the next.
The thing to remember for "pushing" roll film is that the entire roll will be developed at once, so one is committed with shooting the entire roll at a specific ISO/ASA value.
On the other hand, using the ISO/ASA dial for exposure compensation can be done on a per-shot basis. If I take three or four shots of a snow covered landscape, I can increase the exposure so that the camera's meter is not fooled and the white snow doesn't turn out a shade of medium gray, then set the film speed back to its normal setting for subsequent shots taken later under more normal shooting conditions. One must be careful to remember to return the ISO/ASA dial back to the actual speed of the film after taking the shot, though!
Before 135 film started using DX encoding to allow the camera to automatically set the ISO, many 35mm SLRs had a small holder on the back of the film door that was just the right size to hold the square end of a film box. The ends of film boxes almost always had the type of film and speed printed on it. These were often called "film reminders."
answered Jan 12 at 15:26
Michael CMichael C
131k7149368
edited Jan 17 at 11:38
answered Jan 12 at 15:26
Michael CMichael C
131k7149368
answered Jan 12 at 15:26
Michael CMichael C
131k7149368
answered Jan 12 at 15:26
Michael CMichael C
131k7149368
131k7149368
add a comment |
add a comment |
Photographic film speed is a numerical value that reveals its sensitivity to light. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is responsible to develop and the publish test methods to be used when assigning the ISO to any particular film. The digital community also allocates ISO values that closely mirror the ISO scheme.
Historically, many methods were used to evaluate photographic film as to its sensitivity to light. Because the various test methods used different criteria, different values were often published for the same material. Soon individual countries assigned this task to their Bureau of Standards. We had ASA, American Standards Association, BSA, British Standard Association, DIN, Deutscher Normenausschuß (Germany), GOST, Former Soviet Union and others.
The ISO published value is certainly the setting you should use unless in so doing, substandard results occur. In which case, your remedy will be trial-and-error to discover a revised value that works for you, i.e. specific for your equipment and/or methods of operation.
Why the ISO might need tweaking? Your camera’s shutter speed values or aperture settings (f-numbers) might be off calibration. The light measuring system used (light meter) may also be in need of calibration. The method used to develop film might alter its sensitivity to light. The light sources and/or ambient light might be different as to frequencies (colors) from the test methods used, thus altering the sensitivity of the exposing material.
There are a myriad of possibilities that can alter the published ISO and render it invalid. If you consistently experience substandard results, then it would be wise to apply a correction. Your camera likely provides for this by simply making a + or – adjustment using the exposure compensation dial.
edited Jan 13 at 0:47
Michael Hoffman
1032
answered Jan 12 at 16:31
Alan MarcusAlan Marcus
25.4k23060
Many film cameras did not have an exposure compensation dial. The ASA dial was, in effect, the EC dial as well. Just don't forget to set it back to your film's speed after using it as such!
– Michael C
Jan 13 at 0:56
add a comment |
Photographic film speed is a numerical value that reveals its sensitivity to light. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is responsible to develop and the publish test methods to be used when assigning the ISO to any particular film. The digital community also allocates ISO values that closely mirror the ISO scheme.
Historically, many methods were used to evaluate photographic film as to its sensitivity to light. Because the various test methods used different criteria, different values were often published for the same material. Soon individual countries assigned this task to their Bureau of Standards. We had ASA, American Standards Association, BSA, British Standard Association, DIN, Deutscher Normenausschuß (Germany), GOST, Former Soviet Union and others.
The ISO published value is certainly the setting you should use unless in so doing, substandard results occur. In which case, your remedy will be trial-and-error to discover a revised value that works for you, i.e. specific for your equipment and/or methods of operation.
Why the ISO might need tweaking? Your camera’s shutter speed values or aperture settings (f-numbers) might be off calibration. The light measuring system used (light meter) may also be in need of calibration. The method used to develop film might alter its sensitivity to light. The light sources and/or ambient light might be different as to frequencies (colors) from the test methods used, thus altering the sensitivity of the exposing material.
There are a myriad of possibilities that can alter the published ISO and render it invalid. If you consistently experience substandard results, then it would be wise to apply a correction. Your camera likely provides for this by simply making a + or – adjustment using the exposure compensation dial.
edited Jan 13 at 0:47
Michael Hoffman
1032
answered Jan 12 at 16:31
Alan MarcusAlan Marcus
25.4k23060
Many film cameras did not have an exposure compensation dial. The ASA dial was, in effect, the EC dial as well. Just don't forget to set it back to your film's speed after using it as such!
– Michael C
Jan 13 at 0:56
add a comment |
Photographic film speed is a numerical value that reveals its sensitivity to light. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is responsible to develop and the publish test methods to be used when assigning the ISO to any particular film. The digital community also allocates ISO values that closely mirror the ISO scheme.
Historically, many methods were used to evaluate photographic film as to its sensitivity to light. Because the various test methods used different criteria, different values were often published for the same material. Soon individual countries assigned this task to their Bureau of Standards. We had ASA, American Standards Association, BSA, British Standard Association, DIN, Deutscher Normenausschuß (Germany), GOST, Former Soviet Union and others.
The ISO published value is certainly the setting you should use unless in so doing, substandard results occur. In which case, your remedy will be trial-and-error to discover a revised value that works for you, i.e. specific for your equipment and/or methods of operation.
Why the ISO might need tweaking? Your camera’s shutter speed values or aperture settings (f-numbers) might be off calibration. The light measuring system used (light meter) may also be in need of calibration. The method used to develop film might alter its sensitivity to light. The light sources and/or ambient light might be different as to frequencies (colors) from the test methods used, thus altering the sensitivity of the exposing material.
There are a myriad of possibilities that can alter the published ISO and render it invalid. If you consistently experience substandard results, then it would be wise to apply a correction. Your camera likely provides for this by simply making a + or – adjustment using the exposure compensation dial.
edited Jan 13 at 0:47
Michael Hoffman
1032
answered Jan 12 at 16:31
Alan MarcusAlan Marcus
25.4k23060
Photographic film speed is a numerical value that reveals its sensitivity to light. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is responsible to develop and the publish test methods to be used when assigning the ISO to any particular film. The digital community also allocates ISO values that closely mirror the ISO scheme.
Historically, many methods were used to evaluate photographic film as to its sensitivity to light. Because the various test methods used different criteria, different values were often published for the same material. Soon individual countries assigned this task to their Bureau of Standards. We had ASA, American Standards Association, BSA, British Standard Association, DIN, Deutscher Normenausschuß (Germany), GOST, Former Soviet Union and others.
The ISO published value is certainly the setting you should use unless in so doing, substandard results occur. In which case, your remedy will be trial-and-error to discover a revised value that works for you, i.e. specific for your equipment and/or methods of operation.
Why the ISO might need tweaking? Your camera’s shutter speed values or aperture settings (f-numbers) might be off calibration. The light measuring system used (light meter) may also be in need of calibration. The method used to develop film might alter its sensitivity to light. The light sources and/or ambient light might be different as to frequencies (colors) from the test methods used, thus altering the sensitivity of the exposing material.
There are a myriad of possibilities that can alter the published ISO and render it invalid. If you consistently experience substandard results, then it would be wise to apply a correction. Your camera likely provides for this by simply making a + or – adjustment using the exposure compensation dial.
edited Jan 13 at 0:47
Michael Hoffman
1032
answered Jan 12 at 16:31
Alan MarcusAlan Marcus
25.4k23060
edited Jan 13 at 0:47
Michael Hoffman
1032
edited Jan 13 at 0:47
Michael Hoffman
1032
edited Jan 13 at 0:47
Michael Hoffman
1032
1032
answered Jan 12 at 16:31
Alan MarcusAlan Marcus
25.4k23060
answered Jan 12 at 16:31
Alan MarcusAlan Marcus
25.4k23060
answered Jan 12 at 16:31
Alan MarcusAlan Marcus
25.4k23060
25.4k23060
Many film cameras did not have an exposure compensation dial. The ASA dial was, in effect, the EC dial as well. Just don't forget to set it back to your film's speed after using it as such!
– Michael C
Jan 13 at 0:56
add a comment |
Many film cameras did not have an exposure compensation dial. The ASA dial was, in effect, the EC dial as well. Just don't forget to set it back to your film's speed after using it as such!
– Michael C
Jan 13 at 0:56
Many film cameras did not have an exposure compensation dial. The ASA dial was, in effect, the EC dial as well. Just don't forget to set it back to your film's speed after using it as such!
– Michael C
Jan 13 at 0:56
Many film cameras did not have an exposure compensation dial. The ASA dial was, in effect, the EC dial as well. Just don't forget to set it back to your film's speed after using it as such!
– Michael C
Jan 13 at 0:56
add a comment |
With film, it's all about density - specifically, an optimally dense negative that contains the perfect clumping of grains so as to maintain shadow detail and highlight detail. If you've ever severely underexposed and underdeveloped a negative, you'd describe it as "thin". Your shadow detail suffers and if you're printing in a traditional darkroom, you may find that your print exposures are too short even at lower f/stops.
The opposite is too dense, or blocked. This is when you are so overexposed that the grains in the negative reveal no highlight detail whatsoever.
Now, who determines optimal density? The people that made your film, according to the ISO standards. If they say that your film is ISO100, then a perfectly captured exposure using ISO100 in camera and following the manufacture recommendation for development will yield an optimally dense negative.
Now, why would you change the camera setting to not be what the film is? For critical film work, we test a roll within a brick (one roll among many in the same manufacturing set) at different ISO's, usually a stop or two below box speed and then every third stop up to and over box speed. What I've found is that it is not uncommon to find that the optimal speed may actually be 2/3 or 1/2 stop below the box speed.
Optimal density - that's one reason. Pushing or Pulling are others. As Michael C noted, also a "hack" to treat ISO as Exposure Compensation on cameras that don't have a dedicated EC. And finally, the worst reason of all: you forgot to update it when you swapped films.
Don't do that last one.
answered Jan 12 at 16:02
HuecoHueco
11.1k32653
This helped me understand it a lot more thank you !!!
– Eavan
Jan 13 at 13:02
@Eavan you’re welcome. Are you printing your photos in a darkroom?
– Hueco
Jan 13 at 16:05
add a comment |
With film, it's all about density - specifically, an optimally dense negative that contains the perfect clumping of grains so as to maintain shadow detail and highlight detail. If you've ever severely underexposed and underdeveloped a negative, you'd describe it as "thin". Your shadow detail suffers and if you're printing in a traditional darkroom, you may find that your print exposures are too short even at lower f/stops.
The opposite is too dense, or blocked. This is when you are so overexposed that the grains in the negative reveal no highlight detail whatsoever.
Now, who determines optimal density? The people that made your film, according to the ISO standards. If they say that your film is ISO100, then a perfectly captured exposure using ISO100 in camera and following the manufacture recommendation for development will yield an optimally dense negative.
Now, why would you change the camera setting to not be what the film is? For critical film work, we test a roll within a brick (one roll among many in the same manufacturing set) at different ISO's, usually a stop or two below box speed and then every third stop up to and over box speed. What I've found is that it is not uncommon to find that the optimal speed may actually be 2/3 or 1/2 stop below the box speed.
Optimal density - that's one reason. Pushing or Pulling are others. As Michael C noted, also a "hack" to treat ISO as Exposure Compensation on cameras that don't have a dedicated EC. And finally, the worst reason of all: you forgot to update it when you swapped films.
Don't do that last one.
answered Jan 12 at 16:02
HuecoHueco
11.1k32653
This helped me understand it a lot more thank you !!!
– Eavan
Jan 13 at 13:02
@Eavan you’re welcome. Are you printing your photos in a darkroom?
– Hueco
Jan 13 at 16:05
add a comment |
With film, it's all about density - specifically, an optimally dense negative that contains the perfect clumping of grains so as to maintain shadow detail and highlight detail. If you've ever severely underexposed and underdeveloped a negative, you'd describe it as "thin". Your shadow detail suffers and if you're printing in a traditional darkroom, you may find that your print exposures are too short even at lower f/stops.
The opposite is too dense, or blocked. This is when you are so overexposed that the grains in the negative reveal no highlight detail whatsoever.
Now, who determines optimal density? The people that made your film, according to the ISO standards. If they say that your film is ISO100, then a perfectly captured exposure using ISO100 in camera and following the manufacture recommendation for development will yield an optimally dense negative.
Now, why would you change the camera setting to not be what the film is? For critical film work, we test a roll within a brick (one roll among many in the same manufacturing set) at different ISO's, usually a stop or two below box speed and then every third stop up to and over box speed. What I've found is that it is not uncommon to find that the optimal speed may actually be 2/3 or 1/2 stop below the box speed.
Optimal density - that's one reason. Pushing or Pulling are others. As Michael C noted, also a "hack" to treat ISO as Exposure Compensation on cameras that don't have a dedicated EC. And finally, the worst reason of all: you forgot to update it when you swapped films.
Don't do that last one.
answered Jan 12 at 16:02
HuecoHueco
11.1k32653
With film, it's all about density - specifically, an optimally dense negative that contains the perfect clumping of grains so as to maintain shadow detail and highlight detail. If you've ever severely underexposed and underdeveloped a negative, you'd describe it as "thin". Your shadow detail suffers and if you're printing in a traditional darkroom, you may find that your print exposures are too short even at lower f/stops.
The opposite is too dense, or blocked. This is when you are so overexposed that the grains in the negative reveal no highlight detail whatsoever.
Now, who determines optimal density? The people that made your film, according to the ISO standards. If they say that your film is ISO100, then a perfectly captured exposure using ISO100 in camera and following the manufacture recommendation for development will yield an optimally dense negative.
Now, why would you change the camera setting to not be what the film is? For critical film work, we test a roll within a brick (one roll among many in the same manufacturing set) at different ISO's, usually a stop or two below box speed and then every third stop up to and over box speed. What I've found is that it is not uncommon to find that the optimal speed may actually be 2/3 or 1/2 stop below the box speed.
Optimal density - that's one reason. Pushing or Pulling are others. As Michael C noted, also a "hack" to treat ISO as Exposure Compensation on cameras that don't have a dedicated EC. And finally, the worst reason of all: you forgot to update it when you swapped films.
Don't do that last one.
answered Jan 12 at 16:02
HuecoHueco
11.1k32653
answered Jan 12 at 16:02
HuecoHueco
11.1k32653
answered Jan 12 at 16:02
HuecoHueco
11.1k32653
answered Jan 12 at 16:02
HuecoHueco
11.1k32653
11.1k32653
This helped me understand it a lot more thank you !!!
– Eavan
Jan 13 at 13:02
@Eavan you’re welcome. Are you printing your photos in a darkroom?
– Hueco
Jan 13 at 16:05
add a comment |
This helped me understand it a lot more thank you !!!
– Eavan
Jan 13 at 13:02
@Eavan you’re welcome. Are you printing your photos in a darkroom?
– Hueco
Jan 13 at 16:05
This helped me understand it a lot more thank you !!!
– Eavan
Jan 13 at 13:02
This helped me understand it a lot more thank you !!!
– Eavan
Jan 13 at 13:02
@Eavan you’re welcome. Are you printing your photos in a darkroom?
– Hueco
Jan 13 at 16:05
@Eavan you’re welcome. Are you printing your photos in a darkroom?
– Hueco
Jan 13 at 16:05
add a comment |
ISO refers to the International Organization for Standardization. ISO produces standards for many things, so that different manufacturers can produce products that work together. One example is screws: a 10-24 nut from one manufacturer will fit a 10-24 machine screw from any other manufacturer.
In photography there's an ISO standard for film speeds. Film that is rated ISO 100 will be exposed correctly when you set your exposure meter for ISO 100.
Same thing for digital: ISO speed describes how fast the sensor is. You set your meter for the ISO speed that you're using and the meter figures out the right exposure.
Either way, photographing a scene with film or sensor set at the same ISO speed will give you the same combinations of aperture and exposure time. If a film camera with ISO 100 film produces a good image at f/8 and 1/250 sec., so will a digital camera set for ISO 100.
The big difference between digital and film is that a digital camera can vary the ISO speed that it uses, while film can't. So if a scene is really dark, it might not be possible to photograph it with slow film; there just isn't enough light, and you would have to change to faster film. A digital camera can do that change automatically, boosting the ISO speed that it's using in order to get an image.
answered Jan 12 at 14:35
Pete BeckerPete Becker
263127
1
Comparing film ISO to digital ISO is a bit more complicated than what your answer suggests, particularly for exposures longer than 1 second or so, for which film users must consider reciprocity failure Even at shorter shutter times, the linear response of digital and the s-curved response of film means that even when mid-tones are exposed the same, highlights and shadows won't always be. Why are these film photos brighter than digital photos taken at the same time with the same settings?
– Michael C
Jan 12 at 14:59
@MichaelC -- comparing film ISO to film ISO for different films, or camera ISO to camera ISO for different cameras, is also a bit more complicated. "Different isn't the same" -- Fred Picker. Beginners don't need that much detail.
– Pete Becker
Jan 12 at 17:27
1
"Beginners don't need that much detail." I respectfully disagree. I think it is wise to instruct new film users to use the film's stated ISO, but also I think we need to avoid giving the impression that some things are always equal when they are not always equal. Rather, we need to teach that different films and different digital cameras are approximately equal in the mid-tones when ISO is the same number.
– Michael C
Jan 13 at 1:47
1
Thanks this really was useful to read I am beginning o understand it a lot more :)
– Eavan
Jan 13 at 13:04
ISO is not an acronym for the International Organization for Standardization. It's a word. It's also pronounced "eye-so" and not "eye-ess-oh". From the iso.org about us page: "Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation internationale de normalisation), our founders decided to give it the short form ISO. ISO is derived from the Greek isos, meaning equal. Whatever the country, whatever the language, we are always ISO."
– Mike Dixon
Jan 17 at 14:43
|
show 1 more comment
ISO refers to the International Organization for Standardization. ISO produces standards for many things, so that different manufacturers can produce products that work together. One example is screws: a 10-24 nut from one manufacturer will fit a 10-24 machine screw from any other manufacturer.
In photography there's an ISO standard for film speeds. Film that is rated ISO 100 will be exposed correctly when you set your exposure meter for ISO 100.
Same thing for digital: ISO speed describes how fast the sensor is. You set your meter for the ISO speed that you're using and the meter figures out the right exposure.
Either way, photographing a scene with film or sensor set at the same ISO speed will give you the same combinations of aperture and exposure time. If a film camera with ISO 100 film produces a good image at f/8 and 1/250 sec., so will a digital camera set for ISO 100.
The big difference between digital and film is that a digital camera can vary the ISO speed that it uses, while film can't. So if a scene is really dark, it might not be possible to photograph it with slow film; there just isn't enough light, and you would have to change to faster film. A digital camera can do that change automatically, boosting the ISO speed that it's using in order to get an image.
answered Jan 12 at 14:35
Pete BeckerPete Becker
263127
1
Comparing film ISO to digital ISO is a bit more complicated than what your answer suggests, particularly for exposures longer than 1 second or so, for which film users must consider reciprocity failure Even at shorter shutter times, the linear response of digital and the s-curved response of film means that even when mid-tones are exposed the same, highlights and shadows won't always be. Why are these film photos brighter than digital photos taken at the same time with the same settings?
– Michael C
Jan 12 at 14:59
@MichaelC -- comparing film ISO to film ISO for different films, or camera ISO to camera ISO for different cameras, is also a bit more complicated. "Different isn't the same" -- Fred Picker. Beginners don't need that much detail.
– Pete Becker
Jan 12 at 17:27
1
"Beginners don't need that much detail." I respectfully disagree. I think it is wise to instruct new film users to use the film's stated ISO, but also I think we need to avoid giving the impression that some things are always equal when they are not always equal. Rather, we need to teach that different films and different digital cameras are approximately equal in the mid-tones when ISO is the same number.
– Michael C
Jan 13 at 1:47
1
Thanks this really was useful to read I am beginning o understand it a lot more :)
– Eavan
Jan 13 at 13:04
ISO is not an acronym for the International Organization for Standardization. It's a word. It's also pronounced "eye-so" and not "eye-ess-oh". From the iso.org about us page: "Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation internationale de normalisation), our founders decided to give it the short form ISO. ISO is derived from the Greek isos, meaning equal. Whatever the country, whatever the language, we are always ISO."
– Mike Dixon
Jan 17 at 14:43
|
show 1 more comment
ISO refers to the International Organization for Standardization. ISO produces standards for many things, so that different manufacturers can produce products that work together. One example is screws: a 10-24 nut from one manufacturer will fit a 10-24 machine screw from any other manufacturer.
In photography there's an ISO standard for film speeds. Film that is rated ISO 100 will be exposed correctly when you set your exposure meter for ISO 100.
Same thing for digital: ISO speed describes how fast the sensor is. You set your meter for the ISO speed that you're using and the meter figures out the right exposure.
Either way, photographing a scene with film or sensor set at the same ISO speed will give you the same combinations of aperture and exposure time. If a film camera with ISO 100 film produces a good image at f/8 and 1/250 sec., so will a digital camera set for ISO 100.
The big difference between digital and film is that a digital camera can vary the ISO speed that it uses, while film can't. So if a scene is really dark, it might not be possible to photograph it with slow film; there just isn't enough light, and you would have to change to faster film. A digital camera can do that change automatically, boosting the ISO speed that it's using in order to get an image.
answered Jan 12 at 14:35
Pete BeckerPete Becker
263127
ISO refers to the International Organization for Standardization. ISO produces standards for many things, so that different manufacturers can produce products that work together. One example is screws: a 10-24 nut from one manufacturer will fit a 10-24 machine screw from any other manufacturer.
In photography there's an ISO standard for film speeds. Film that is rated ISO 100 will be exposed correctly when you set your exposure meter for ISO 100.
Same thing for digital: ISO speed describes how fast the sensor is. You set your meter for the ISO speed that you're using and the meter figures out the right exposure.
Either way, photographing a scene with film or sensor set at the same ISO speed will give you the same combinations of aperture and exposure time. If a film camera with ISO 100 film produces a good image at f/8 and 1/250 sec., so will a digital camera set for ISO 100.
The big difference between digital and film is that a digital camera can vary the ISO speed that it uses, while film can't. So if a scene is really dark, it might not be possible to photograph it with slow film; there just isn't enough light, and you would have to change to faster film. A digital camera can do that change automatically, boosting the ISO speed that it's using in order to get an image.
answered Jan 12 at 14:35
Pete BeckerPete Becker
263127
edited Jan 17 at 16:14
answered Jan 12 at 14:35
Pete BeckerPete Becker
263127
answered Jan 12 at 14:35
Pete BeckerPete Becker
263127
answered Jan 12 at 14:35
Pete BeckerPete Becker
263127
263127
1
Comparing film ISO to digital ISO is a bit more complicated than what your answer suggests, particularly for exposures longer than 1 second or so, for which film users must consider reciprocity failure Even at shorter shutter times, the linear response of digital and the s-curved response of film means that even when mid-tones are exposed the same, highlights and shadows won't always be. Why are these film photos brighter than digital photos taken at the same time with the same settings?
– Michael C
Jan 12 at 14:59
@MichaelC -- comparing film ISO to film ISO for different films, or camera ISO to camera ISO for different cameras, is also a bit more complicated. "Different isn't the same" -- Fred Picker. Beginners don't need that much detail.
– Pete Becker
Jan 12 at 17:27
1
"Beginners don't need that much detail." I respectfully disagree. I think it is wise to instruct new film users to use the film's stated ISO, but also I think we need to avoid giving the impression that some things are always equal when they are not always equal. Rather, we need to teach that different films and different digital cameras are approximately equal in the mid-tones when ISO is the same number.
– Michael C
Jan 13 at 1:47
1
Thanks this really was useful to read I am beginning o understand it a lot more :)
– Eavan
Jan 13 at 13:04
ISO is not an acronym for the International Organization for Standardization. It's a word. It's also pronounced "eye-so" and not "eye-ess-oh". From the iso.org about us page: "Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation internationale de normalisation), our founders decided to give it the short form ISO. ISO is derived from the Greek isos, meaning equal. Whatever the country, whatever the language, we are always ISO."
– Mike Dixon
Jan 17 at 14:43
|
show 1 more comment
1
Comparing film ISO to digital ISO is a bit more complicated than what your answer suggests, particularly for exposures longer than 1 second or so, for which film users must consider reciprocity failure Even at shorter shutter times, the linear response of digital and the s-curved response of film means that even when mid-tones are exposed the same, highlights and shadows won't always be. Why are these film photos brighter than digital photos taken at the same time with the same settings?
– Michael C
Jan 12 at 14:59
@MichaelC -- comparing film ISO to film ISO for different films, or camera ISO to camera ISO for different cameras, is also a bit more complicated. "Different isn't the same" -- Fred Picker. Beginners don't need that much detail.
– Pete Becker
Jan 12 at 17:27
1
"Beginners don't need that much detail." I respectfully disagree. I think it is wise to instruct new film users to use the film's stated ISO, but also I think we need to avoid giving the impression that some things are always equal when they are not always equal. Rather, we need to teach that different films and different digital cameras are approximately equal in the mid-tones when ISO is the same number.
– Michael C
Jan 13 at 1:47
1
Thanks this really was useful to read I am beginning o understand it a lot more :)
– Eavan
Jan 13 at 13:04
ISO is not an acronym for the International Organization for Standardization. It's a word. It's also pronounced "eye-so" and not "eye-ess-oh". From the iso.org about us page: "Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation internationale de normalisation), our founders decided to give it the short form ISO. ISO is derived from the Greek isos, meaning equal. Whatever the country, whatever the language, we are always ISO."
– Mike Dixon
Jan 17 at 14:43
1
1
Comparing film ISO to digital ISO is a bit more complicated than what your answer suggests, particularly for exposures longer than 1 second or so, for which film users must consider reciprocity failure Even at shorter shutter times, the linear response of digital and the s-curved response of film means that even when mid-tones are exposed the same, highlights and shadows won't always be. Why are these film photos brighter than digital photos taken at the same time with the same settings?
– Michael C
Jan 12 at 14:59
Comparing film ISO to digital ISO is a bit more complicated than what your answer suggests, particularly for exposures longer than 1 second or so, for which film users must consider reciprocity failure Even at shorter shutter times, the linear response of digital and the s-curved response of film means that even when mid-tones are exposed the same, highlights and shadows won't always be. Why are these film photos brighter than digital photos taken at the same time with the same settings?
– Michael C
Jan 12 at 14:59
@MichaelC -- comparing film ISO to film ISO for different films, or camera ISO to camera ISO for different cameras, is also a bit more complicated. "Different isn't the same" -- Fred Picker. Beginners don't need that much detail.
– Pete Becker
Jan 12 at 17:27
@MichaelC -- comparing film ISO to film ISO for different films, or camera ISO to camera ISO for different cameras, is also a bit more complicated. "Different isn't the same" -- Fred Picker. Beginners don't need that much detail.
– Pete Becker
Jan 12 at 17:27
1
1
"Beginners don't need that much detail." I respectfully disagree. I think it is wise to instruct new film users to use the film's stated ISO, but also I think we need to avoid giving the impression that some things are always equal when they are not always equal. Rather, we need to teach that different films and different digital cameras are approximately equal in the mid-tones when ISO is the same number.
– Michael C
Jan 13 at 1:47
"Beginners don't need that much detail." I respectfully disagree. I think it is wise to instruct new film users to use the film's stated ISO, but also I think we need to avoid giving the impression that some things are always equal when they are not always equal. Rather, we need to teach that different films and different digital cameras are approximately equal in the mid-tones when ISO is the same number.
– Michael C
Jan 13 at 1:47
1
1
Thanks this really was useful to read I am beginning o understand it a lot more :)
– Eavan
Jan 13 at 13:04
Thanks this really was useful to read I am beginning o understand it a lot more :)
– Eavan
Jan 13 at 13:04
ISO is not an acronym for the International Organization for Standardization. It's a word. It's also pronounced "eye-so" and not "eye-ess-oh". From the iso.org about us page: "Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation internationale de normalisation), our founders decided to give it the short form ISO. ISO is derived from the Greek isos, meaning equal. Whatever the country, whatever the language, we are always ISO."
– Mike Dixon
Jan 17 at 14:43
ISO is not an acronym for the International Organization for Standardization. It's a word. It's also pronounced "eye-so" and not "eye-ess-oh". From the iso.org about us page: "Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation internationale de normalisation), our founders decided to give it the short form ISO. ISO is derived from the Greek isos, meaning equal. Whatever the country, whatever the language, we are always ISO."
– Mike Dixon
Jan 17 at 14:43
|
show 1 more comment
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Hi, what kind of camera are you using? Are you shooting with the camera in manual mode or with shutter or aperture priority? Are you shooting B+W or color film? Are you processing the film yourself or having a lab do it?
– moorej
Jan 20 at 1:43