How to access class method from outside class

This is the simplest example:

class Foo():

    def five(self):

        return 5



def bar():

    print Foo.five()

As you can see, I would like to call five from bar, but the problem is class methods take self as an argument.

I have solved this by feeding the instance of Foo all the way through bar, shown below:

class Foo():



    def five(self):

        return 5





def bar(instance_of_Foo):

    print Foo.five(instance_of_Foo)





foobar = Foo()



bar(foobar)

This solution works as I can feed an instance of Foo into my call to bar(). The problem is that need to call bar() before I instantiate Foo, because the Foo object is the target of a thread.

Here is a more complicated example that demonstrates the problem:

from tkinter import *

import threading

import time



count = 0



def counter():

    global count

    while True:

        count += 1

        print count

        time.sleep(1)



class GUI():

    def __init__(self):

        self.root = Tk()



    def five(self):

        global count



        self.var = StringVar()

        self.var.set(count)



        self.label = Label(self.root, textvariable=self.var)

        self.label.pack()



        self.root.mainloop()



def update_gui():

    global count

    while True:

        GUI.var = count

        GUI.root.update()



threads = 

t = threading.Thread(target=update_gui)

threads.append(t)

t.start()



countbot = threading.Thread(target=counter)

threads.append(countbot)

countbot.start()



foobar = GUI()

foobar.five()

The above throws this error:

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 801, in __bootstrap_inner

    self.run()

  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 754, in run

    self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)

  File "/Users/Henry/documents/python/blank3.py", line 36, in update_gui

    GUI.root.update()

AttributeError: class GUI has no attribute 'root'

This really surprises me, as GUI does have an attribute called root.

edited Jan 2 at 21:56

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

asked Jan 2 at 20:41

hegash

354111

Why do you need Foo in the first place? Can five simply be a function rather than a method?

– chepner
Jan 2 at 20:45

@chepner Foo is the simplest form/example of a class to demonstrate what this question is asking, I assume.

– Nathaniel Ford
Jan 2 at 20:47

1

Yes, but it makes it impossible to tell if the correct solution is to make five a class method, a static method, or if something else is necessary. I think it's been simplified too much.

– chepner
Jan 2 at 20:48

Addressing the edit: You say you need to access self, but describe a scenario where self is pointless. Try to provide a Minimal, Complete, and Verifiable example that demonstrates why @classmethod/@staticmethod isn't appropriate.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:51

1

For example, looking at your code as written, I'd just skip bar and create the thread with foobar = Foo(), t = threading.Thread(target=foobar.five). Or if bar must be a thing, give it an argument to call five on, so you can do t = threading.Thread(target=bar, args=(foobar,)). You can even make the argument a default instance of Foo if needed, so bar can be called without passing an argument and it will reuse the Foo it defaults to.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 21:05

|
show 4 more comments

This is the simplest example:

class Foo():

    def five(self):

        return 5



def bar():

    print Foo.five()

As you can see, I would like to call five from bar, but the problem is class methods take self as an argument.

I have solved this by feeding the instance of Foo all the way through bar, shown below:

class Foo():



    def five(self):

        return 5





def bar(instance_of_Foo):

    print Foo.five(instance_of_Foo)





foobar = Foo()



bar(foobar)

Here is a more complicated example that demonstrates the problem:

from tkinter import *

import threading

import time



count = 0



def counter():

    global count

    while True:

        count += 1

        print count

        time.sleep(1)



class GUI():

    def __init__(self):

        self.root = Tk()



    def five(self):

        global count



        self.var = StringVar()

        self.var.set(count)



        self.label = Label(self.root, textvariable=self.var)

        self.label.pack()



        self.root.mainloop()



def update_gui():

    global count

    while True:

        GUI.var = count

        GUI.root.update()



threads = 

t = threading.Thread(target=update_gui)

threads.append(t)

t.start()



countbot = threading.Thread(target=counter)

threads.append(countbot)

countbot.start()



foobar = GUI()

foobar.five()

The above throws this error:

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 801, in __bootstrap_inner

    self.run()

  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 754, in run

    self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)

  File "/Users/Henry/documents/python/blank3.py", line 36, in update_gui

    GUI.root.update()

AttributeError: class GUI has no attribute 'root'

This really surprises me, as GUI does have an attribute called root.

edited Jan 2 at 21:56

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

asked Jan 2 at 20:41

hegash

354111

Why do you need Foo in the first place? Can five simply be a function rather than a method?

– chepner
Jan 2 at 20:45

@chepner Foo is the simplest form/example of a class to demonstrate what this question is asking, I assume.

– Nathaniel Ford
Jan 2 at 20:47

1

Yes, but it makes it impossible to tell if the correct solution is to make five a class method, a static method, or if something else is necessary. I think it's been simplified too much.

– chepner
Jan 2 at 20:48

Addressing the edit: You say you need to access self, but describe a scenario where self is pointless. Try to provide a Minimal, Complete, and Verifiable example that demonstrates why @classmethod/@staticmethod isn't appropriate.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:51

1

For example, looking at your code as written, I'd just skip bar and create the thread with foobar = Foo(), t = threading.Thread(target=foobar.five). Or if bar must be a thing, give it an argument to call five on, so you can do t = threading.Thread(target=bar, args=(foobar,)). You can even make the argument a default instance of Foo if needed, so bar can be called without passing an argument and it will reuse the Foo it defaults to.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 21:05

|
show 4 more comments

This is the simplest example:

class Foo():

    def five(self):

        return 5



def bar():

    print Foo.five()

As you can see, I would like to call five from bar, but the problem is class methods take self as an argument.

I have solved this by feeding the instance of Foo all the way through bar, shown below:

class Foo():



    def five(self):

        return 5





def bar(instance_of_Foo):

    print Foo.five(instance_of_Foo)





foobar = Foo()



bar(foobar)

Here is a more complicated example that demonstrates the problem:

from tkinter import *

import threading

import time



count = 0



def counter():

    global count

    while True:

        count += 1

        print count

        time.sleep(1)



class GUI():

    def __init__(self):

        self.root = Tk()



    def five(self):

        global count



        self.var = StringVar()

        self.var.set(count)



        self.label = Label(self.root, textvariable=self.var)

        self.label.pack()



        self.root.mainloop()



def update_gui():

    global count

    while True:

        GUI.var = count

        GUI.root.update()



threads = 

t = threading.Thread(target=update_gui)

threads.append(t)

t.start()



countbot = threading.Thread(target=counter)

threads.append(countbot)

countbot.start()



foobar = GUI()

foobar.five()

The above throws this error:

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 801, in __bootstrap_inner

    self.run()

  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 754, in run

    self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)

  File "/Users/Henry/documents/python/blank3.py", line 36, in update_gui

    GUI.root.update()

AttributeError: class GUI has no attribute 'root'

This really surprises me, as GUI does have an attribute called root.

edited Jan 2 at 21:56

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

asked Jan 2 at 20:41

hegash

354111

This is the simplest example:

class Foo():

    def five(self):

        return 5



def bar():

    print Foo.five()

As you can see, I would like to call five from bar, but the problem is class methods take self as an argument.

I have solved this by feeding the instance of Foo all the way through bar, shown below:

class Foo():



    def five(self):

        return 5





def bar(instance_of_Foo):

    print Foo.five(instance_of_Foo)





foobar = Foo()



bar(foobar)

Here is a more complicated example that demonstrates the problem:

from tkinter import *

import threading

import time



count = 0



def counter():

    global count

    while True:

        count += 1

        print count

        time.sleep(1)



class GUI():

    def __init__(self):

        self.root = Tk()



    def five(self):

        global count



        self.var = StringVar()

        self.var.set(count)



        self.label = Label(self.root, textvariable=self.var)

        self.label.pack()



        self.root.mainloop()



def update_gui():

    global count

    while True:

        GUI.var = count

        GUI.root.update()



threads = 

t = threading.Thread(target=update_gui)

threads.append(t)

t.start()



countbot = threading.Thread(target=counter)

threads.append(countbot)

countbot.start()



foobar = GUI()

foobar.five()

The above throws this error:

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 801, in __bootstrap_inner

    self.run()

  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 754, in run

    self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)

  File "/Users/Henry/documents/python/blank3.py", line 36, in update_gui

    GUI.root.update()

AttributeError: class GUI has no attribute 'root'

This really surprises me, as GUI does have an attribute called root.

python

edited Jan 2 at 21:56

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

asked Jan 2 at 20:41

hegash

354111

edited Jan 2 at 21:56

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

asked Jan 2 at 20:41

hegash

354111

edited Jan 2 at 21:56

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

edited Jan 2 at 21:56

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

edited Jan 2 at 21:56

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

asked Jan 2 at 20:41

hegash

354111

asked Jan 2 at 20:41

hegash

354111

asked Jan 2 at 20:41

hegash

354111

Why do you need Foo in the first place? Can five simply be a function rather than a method?

– chepner
Jan 2 at 20:45

@chepner Foo is the simplest form/example of a class to demonstrate what this question is asking, I assume.

– Nathaniel Ford
Jan 2 at 20:47

1

Yes, but it makes it impossible to tell if the correct solution is to make five a class method, a static method, or if something else is necessary. I think it's been simplified too much.

– chepner
Jan 2 at 20:48

Addressing the edit: You say you need to access self, but describe a scenario where self is pointless. Try to provide a Minimal, Complete, and Verifiable example that demonstrates why @classmethod/@staticmethod isn't appropriate.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:51

1

For example, looking at your code as written, I'd just skip bar and create the thread with foobar = Foo(), t = threading.Thread(target=foobar.five). Or if bar must be a thing, give it an argument to call five on, so you can do t = threading.Thread(target=bar, args=(foobar,)). You can even make the argument a default instance of Foo if needed, so bar can be called without passing an argument and it will reuse the Foo it defaults to.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 21:05

|
show 4 more comments

Why do you need Foo in the first place? Can five simply be a function rather than a method?

– chepner
Jan 2 at 20:45

@chepner Foo is the simplest form/example of a class to demonstrate what this question is asking, I assume.

– Nathaniel Ford
Jan 2 at 20:47

1

Yes, but it makes it impossible to tell if the correct solution is to make five a class method, a static method, or if something else is necessary. I think it's been simplified too much.

– chepner
Jan 2 at 20:48

Addressing the edit: You say you need to access self, but describe a scenario where self is pointless. Try to provide a Minimal, Complete, and Verifiable example that demonstrates why @classmethod/@staticmethod isn't appropriate.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:51

1

For example, looking at your code as written, I'd just skip bar and create the thread with foobar = Foo(), t = threading.Thread(target=foobar.five). Or if bar must be a thing, give it an argument to call five on, so you can do t = threading.Thread(target=bar, args=(foobar,)). You can even make the argument a default instance of Foo if needed, so bar can be called without passing an argument and it will reuse the Foo it defaults to.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 21:05

Why do you need Foo in the first place? Can five simply be a function rather than a method?

– chepner
Jan 2 at 20:45

@chepner Foo is the simplest form/example of a class to demonstrate what this question is asking, I assume.

– Nathaniel Ford
Jan 2 at 20:47

Yes, but it makes it impossible to tell if the correct solution is to make five a class method, a static method, or if something else is necessary. I think it's been simplified too much.

– chepner
Jan 2 at 20:48

Addressing the edit: You say you need to access self, but describe a scenario where self is pointless. Try to provide a Minimal, Complete, and Verifiable example that demonstrates why @classmethod/@staticmethod isn't appropriate.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:51

For example, looking at your code as written, I'd just skip bar and create the thread with foobar = Foo(), t = threading.Thread(target=foobar.five). Or if bar must be a thing, give it an argument to call five on, so you can do t = threading.Thread(target=bar, args=(foobar,)). You can even make the argument a default instance of Foo if needed, so bar can be called without passing an argument and it will reuse the Foo it defaults to.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 21:05

|
show 4 more comments

2 Answers
2

active

oldest

votes

All you need to do is mark the function as a classmethod:

class Foo():



    @classmethod

    def five(cls):

        return 5



def bar():

    print Foo.five()

answered Jan 2 at 20:43

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

2

In general, classmethod is for alternate constructors (where you need to know the real subclass it was called on to construct the appropriate subclass); if you're just namespacing a function that returns a constant, you may as well stick with staticmethod and avoid needing to accept (and ignore) cls.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:50

I have edited the question; Five is in fact a much more complicated method and needs to access self

– hegash
Jan 2 at 20:50

add a comment |

First off, the simple solution, since you rely on neither class nor instance, is to make your method a static method:

class Foo():



    @staticmethod

    def five():

        return 5



def bar():

    print Foo.five()

A class method also works, but it's pointless unless there is some class specific behavior that you expect to change based on possible subclasses (where you'd derive information from knowing the subclass it was invoked with); in practice, @classmethod is really only for alternate constructors, and doesn't apply here.

Secondly, Foo does not have an attribute named self in your code example, because you never constructed an instance of Foo, so __init__ was never invoked to assign the class attribute. If you want to do something like that to make a singleton instance to work off of, don't do it in __init__; do it immediately after the class is defined, e.g.:

class Foo():

    ...

Foo.singleton = Foo()

Again, not particularly useful, so I'd avoid it if possible.

answered Jan 2 at 20:44

ShadowRanger

63.4k660100

Sorry for the confusion, I have edited my question; Five is massively over-simplified, it can't be a static method as it needs to access self

– hegash
Jan 2 at 20:51

@hegash: Can you explain why? Are you trying to implement a Java-style singleton pattern? Or do you just need a default instance to work on sometimes? When you say "I need an instance, but I don't want to use an instance", I suspect an XY problem.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:53

add a comment |

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2 Answers
2

active

oldest

votes

2 Answers
2

active

oldest

votes

All you need to do is mark the function as a classmethod:

class Foo():



    @classmethod

    def five(cls):

        return 5



def bar():

    print Foo.five()

answered Jan 2 at 20:43

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

2

In general, classmethod is for alternate constructors (where you need to know the real subclass it was called on to construct the appropriate subclass); if you're just namespacing a function that returns a constant, you may as well stick with staticmethod and avoid needing to accept (and ignore) cls.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:50

I have edited the question; Five is in fact a much more complicated method and needs to access self

– hegash
Jan 2 at 20:50

add a comment |

All you need to do is mark the function as a classmethod:

class Foo():



    @classmethod

    def five(cls):

        return 5



def bar():

    print Foo.five()

answered Jan 2 at 20:43

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

2

In general, classmethod is for alternate constructors (where you need to know the real subclass it was called on to construct the appropriate subclass); if you're just namespacing a function that returns a constant, you may as well stick with staticmethod and avoid needing to accept (and ignore) cls.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:50

I have edited the question; Five is in fact a much more complicated method and needs to access self

– hegash
Jan 2 at 20:50

add a comment |

All you need to do is mark the function as a classmethod:

class Foo():



    @classmethod

    def five(cls):

        return 5



def bar():

    print Foo.five()

answered Jan 2 at 20:43

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

All you need to do is mark the function as a classmethod:

class Foo():



    @classmethod

    def five(cls):

        return 5



def bar():

    print Foo.five()

answered Jan 2 at 20:43

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

answered Jan 2 at 20:43

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

answered Jan 2 at 20:43

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

answered Jan 2 at 20:43

Nathaniel Ford

13.7k155675

2

In general, classmethod is for alternate constructors (where you need to know the real subclass it was called on to construct the appropriate subclass); if you're just namespacing a function that returns a constant, you may as well stick with staticmethod and avoid needing to accept (and ignore) cls.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:50

I have edited the question; Five is in fact a much more complicated method and needs to access self

– hegash
Jan 2 at 20:50

add a comment |

2

In general, classmethod is for alternate constructors (where you need to know the real subclass it was called on to construct the appropriate subclass); if you're just namespacing a function that returns a constant, you may as well stick with staticmethod and avoid needing to accept (and ignore) cls.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:50

I have edited the question; Five is in fact a much more complicated method and needs to access self

– hegash
Jan 2 at 20:50

In general, classmethod is for alternate constructors (where you need to know the real subclass it was called on to construct the appropriate subclass); if you're just namespacing a function that returns a constant, you may as well stick with staticmethod and avoid needing to accept (and ignore) cls.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:50

I have edited the question; Five is in fact a much more complicated method and needs to access self

– hegash
Jan 2 at 20:50

add a comment |

First off, the simple solution, since you rely on neither class nor instance, is to make your method a static method:

class Foo():



    @staticmethod

    def five():

        return 5



def bar():

    print Foo.five()

class Foo():

    ...

Foo.singleton = Foo()

Again, not particularly useful, so I'd avoid it if possible.

answered Jan 2 at 20:44

ShadowRanger

63.4k660100

Sorry for the confusion, I have edited my question; Five is massively over-simplified, it can't be a static method as it needs to access self

– hegash
Jan 2 at 20:51

@hegash: Can you explain why? Are you trying to implement a Java-style singleton pattern? Or do you just need a default instance to work on sometimes? When you say "I need an instance, but I don't want to use an instance", I suspect an XY problem.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:53

add a comment |

First off, the simple solution, since you rely on neither class nor instance, is to make your method a static method:

class Foo():



    @staticmethod

    def five():

        return 5



def bar():

    print Foo.five()

class Foo():

    ...

Foo.singleton = Foo()

Again, not particularly useful, so I'd avoid it if possible.

answered Jan 2 at 20:44

ShadowRanger

63.4k660100

Sorry for the confusion, I have edited my question; Five is massively over-simplified, it can't be a static method as it needs to access self

– hegash
Jan 2 at 20:51

@hegash: Can you explain why? Are you trying to implement a Java-style singleton pattern? Or do you just need a default instance to work on sometimes? When you say "I need an instance, but I don't want to use an instance", I suspect an XY problem.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:53

add a comment |

First off, the simple solution, since you rely on neither class nor instance, is to make your method a static method:

class Foo():



    @staticmethod

    def five():

        return 5



def bar():

    print Foo.five()

class Foo():

    ...

Foo.singleton = Foo()

Again, not particularly useful, so I'd avoid it if possible.

answered Jan 2 at 20:44

ShadowRanger

63.4k660100

First off, the simple solution, since you rely on neither class nor instance, is to make your method a static method:

class Foo():



    @staticmethod

    def five():

        return 5



def bar():

    print Foo.five()

class Foo():

    ...

Foo.singleton = Foo()

Again, not particularly useful, so I'd avoid it if possible.

answered Jan 2 at 20:44

ShadowRanger

63.4k660100

answered Jan 2 at 20:44

ShadowRanger

63.4k660100

answered Jan 2 at 20:44

ShadowRanger

63.4k660100

answered Jan 2 at 20:44

ShadowRanger

63.4k660100

Sorry for the confusion, I have edited my question; Five is massively over-simplified, it can't be a static method as it needs to access self

– hegash
Jan 2 at 20:51

@hegash: Can you explain why? Are you trying to implement a Java-style singleton pattern? Or do you just need a default instance to work on sometimes? When you say "I need an instance, but I don't want to use an instance", I suspect an XY problem.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:53

add a comment |

Sorry for the confusion, I have edited my question; Five is massively over-simplified, it can't be a static method as it needs to access self

– hegash
Jan 2 at 20:51

@hegash: Can you explain why? Are you trying to implement a Java-style singleton pattern? Or do you just need a default instance to work on sometimes? When you say "I need an instance, but I don't want to use an instance", I suspect an XY problem.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:53

Sorry for the confusion, I have edited my question; Five is massively over-simplified, it can't be a static method as it needs to access self

– hegash
Jan 2 at 20:51

@hegash: Can you explain why? Are you trying to implement a Java-style singleton pattern? Or do you just need a default instance to work on sometimes? When you say "I need an instance, but I don't want to use an instance", I suspect an XY problem.

– ShadowRanger
Jan 2 at 20:53

add a comment |

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