Mixing
Prove $(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) < frac92$ for $x+y+z=2$
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$x,y,z geqslant 0$ and $x+y+z=2$, Prove
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) < frac92$$
While numerical method can solve this problem, I am more interested in classical solutions. I tried this problem for the past few months, using all kinds of AM-GM and CS, but still cannot solve it. I hope someone can help me out with this one.
inequality
asked May 29 '16 at 19:35
HN_NHHN_NH
83811038
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show 2 more comments
$begingroup$
$x,y,z geqslant 0$ and $x+y+z=2$, Prove
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) < frac92$$
While numerical method can solve this problem, I am more interested in classical solutions. I tried this problem for the past few months, using all kinds of AM-GM and CS, but still cannot solve it. I hope someone can help me out with this one.
inequality
asked May 29 '16 at 19:35
HN_NHHN_NH
83811038
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
I'm not sure if this helps, since I'm not very familiar with inequalities, but if you write $x=2cos^2 theta cos^2alpha,y=2cos^2thetasin^2alpha,z=2sin^2alpha,theta,alphain[0, pi/2]$, you can at least calculate the derivative w.r.t. $theta,alpha$ without the constraint $x+y+z=2$. But they are just very complicated.
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– Yongyong
May 29 '16 at 21:06
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Have you tried applying AM-GM to the LHS written as $$ (x+y)(x+z)(y^2+z^2)(z^2-x z+x^2)$$ ? That boils down to optimizing a quadratic polynomial over a triangle, that is a pretty easy problem, but I don't know if it gives the upper bound $frac{9}{2}$ or something weaker. Maybe you already tried that.
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– Jack D'Aurizio
May 30 '16 at 0:54
1
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I did try something similar to that, but not yet success. Let me try your hints again. Thank you
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– HN_NH
May 30 '16 at 0:55
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It is a tremendous help. Can you post your work here ?
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– HN_NH
May 30 '16 at 14:09
1
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@HN_NH Sorry, I think I made a mistake... So I can't deduce that $x=0$, but in fact, if $x=0$, the inequality can be deduced by using AM-GM. So I think the result should be somehow right. And due to the numerical simulation, the maximas lie in the hyperplane $x=0$, so I will try to prove this.
$endgroup$
– Yongyong
May 30 '16 at 14:31
|
show 2 more comments
$begingroup$
$x,y,z geqslant 0$ and $x+y+z=2$, Prove
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) < frac92$$
While numerical method can solve this problem, I am more interested in classical solutions. I tried this problem for the past few months, using all kinds of AM-GM and CS, but still cannot solve it. I hope someone can help me out with this one.
inequality
asked May 29 '16 at 19:35
HN_NHHN_NH
83811038
$endgroup$
$x,y,z geqslant 0$ and $x+y+z=2$, Prove
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) < frac92$$
While numerical method can solve this problem, I am more interested in classical solutions. I tried this problem for the past few months, using all kinds of AM-GM and CS, but still cannot solve it. I hope someone can help me out with this one.
inequality
inequality
asked May 29 '16 at 19:35
HN_NHHN_NH
83811038
asked May 29 '16 at 19:35
HN_NHHN_NH
83811038
asked May 29 '16 at 19:35
HN_NHHN_NH
83811038
asked May 29 '16 at 19:35
HN_NHHN_NH
83811038
asked May 29 '16 at 19:35
HN_NHHN_NH
83811038
83811038
1
$begingroup$
I'm not sure if this helps, since I'm not very familiar with inequalities, but if you write $x=2cos^2 theta cos^2alpha,y=2cos^2thetasin^2alpha,z=2sin^2alpha,theta,alphain[0, pi/2]$, you can at least calculate the derivative w.r.t. $theta,alpha$ without the constraint $x+y+z=2$. But they are just very complicated.
$endgroup$
– Yongyong
May 29 '16 at 21:06
$begingroup$
Have you tried applying AM-GM to the LHS written as $$ (x+y)(x+z)(y^2+z^2)(z^2-x z+x^2)$$ ? That boils down to optimizing a quadratic polynomial over a triangle, that is a pretty easy problem, but I don't know if it gives the upper bound $frac{9}{2}$ or something weaker. Maybe you already tried that.
$endgroup$
– Jack D'Aurizio
May 30 '16 at 0:54
1
$begingroup$
I did try something similar to that, but not yet success. Let me try your hints again. Thank you
$endgroup$
– HN_NH
May 30 '16 at 0:55
$begingroup$
It is a tremendous help. Can you post your work here ?
$endgroup$
– HN_NH
May 30 '16 at 14:09
1
$begingroup$
@HN_NH Sorry, I think I made a mistake... So I can't deduce that $x=0$, but in fact, if $x=0$, the inequality can be deduced by using AM-GM. So I think the result should be somehow right. And due to the numerical simulation, the maximas lie in the hyperplane $x=0$, so I will try to prove this.
$endgroup$
– Yongyong
May 30 '16 at 14:31
|
show 2 more comments
1
$begingroup$
I'm not sure if this helps, since I'm not very familiar with inequalities, but if you write $x=2cos^2 theta cos^2alpha,y=2cos^2thetasin^2alpha,z=2sin^2alpha,theta,alphain[0, pi/2]$, you can at least calculate the derivative w.r.t. $theta,alpha$ without the constraint $x+y+z=2$. But they are just very complicated.
$endgroup$
– Yongyong
May 29 '16 at 21:06
$begingroup$
Have you tried applying AM-GM to the LHS written as $$ (x+y)(x+z)(y^2+z^2)(z^2-x z+x^2)$$ ? That boils down to optimizing a quadratic polynomial over a triangle, that is a pretty easy problem, but I don't know if it gives the upper bound $frac{9}{2}$ or something weaker. Maybe you already tried that.
$endgroup$
– Jack D'Aurizio
May 30 '16 at 0:54
1
$begingroup$
I did try something similar to that, but not yet success. Let me try your hints again. Thank you
$endgroup$
– HN_NH
May 30 '16 at 0:55
$begingroup$
It is a tremendous help. Can you post your work here ?
$endgroup$
– HN_NH
May 30 '16 at 14:09
1
$begingroup$
@HN_NH Sorry, I think I made a mistake... So I can't deduce that $x=0$, but in fact, if $x=0$, the inequality can be deduced by using AM-GM. So I think the result should be somehow right. And due to the numerical simulation, the maximas lie in the hyperplane $x=0$, so I will try to prove this.
$endgroup$
– Yongyong
May 30 '16 at 14:31
1
1
$begingroup$
I'm not sure if this helps, since I'm not very familiar with inequalities, but if you write $x=2cos^2 theta cos^2alpha,y=2cos^2thetasin^2alpha,z=2sin^2alpha,theta,alphain[0, pi/2]$, you can at least calculate the derivative w.r.t. $theta,alpha$ without the constraint $x+y+z=2$. But they are just very complicated.
$endgroup$
– Yongyong
May 29 '16 at 21:06
$begingroup$
I'm not sure if this helps, since I'm not very familiar with inequalities, but if you write $x=2cos^2 theta cos^2alpha,y=2cos^2thetasin^2alpha,z=2sin^2alpha,theta,alphain[0, pi/2]$, you can at least calculate the derivative w.r.t. $theta,alpha$ without the constraint $x+y+z=2$. But they are just very complicated.
$endgroup$
– Yongyong
May 29 '16 at 21:06
$begingroup$
Have you tried applying AM-GM to the LHS written as $$ (x+y)(x+z)(y^2+z^2)(z^2-x z+x^2)$$ ? That boils down to optimizing a quadratic polynomial over a triangle, that is a pretty easy problem, but I don't know if it gives the upper bound $frac{9}{2}$ or something weaker. Maybe you already tried that.
$endgroup$
– Jack D'Aurizio
May 30 '16 at 0:54
$begingroup$
Have you tried applying AM-GM to the LHS written as $$ (x+y)(x+z)(y^2+z^2)(z^2-x z+x^2)$$ ? That boils down to optimizing a quadratic polynomial over a triangle, that is a pretty easy problem, but I don't know if it gives the upper bound $frac{9}{2}$ or something weaker. Maybe you already tried that.
$endgroup$
– Jack D'Aurizio
May 30 '16 at 0:54
1
1
$begingroup$
I did try something similar to that, but not yet success. Let me try your hints again. Thank you
$endgroup$
– HN_NH
May 30 '16 at 0:55
$begingroup$
I did try something similar to that, but not yet success. Let me try your hints again. Thank you
$endgroup$
– HN_NH
May 30 '16 at 0:55
$begingroup$
It is a tremendous help. Can you post your work here ?
$endgroup$
– HN_NH
May 30 '16 at 14:09
$begingroup$
It is a tremendous help. Can you post your work here ?
$endgroup$
– HN_NH
May 30 '16 at 14:09
1
1
$begingroup$
@HN_NH Sorry, I think I made a mistake... So I can't deduce that $x=0$, but in fact, if $x=0$, the inequality can be deduced by using AM-GM. So I think the result should be somehow right. And due to the numerical simulation, the maximas lie in the hyperplane $x=0$, so I will try to prove this.
$endgroup$
– Yongyong
May 30 '16 at 14:31
$begingroup$
@HN_NH Sorry, I think I made a mistake... So I can't deduce that $x=0$, but in fact, if $x=0$, the inequality can be deduced by using AM-GM. So I think the result should be somehow right. And due to the numerical simulation, the maximas lie in the hyperplane $x=0$, so I will try to prove this.
$endgroup$
– Yongyong
May 30 '16 at 14:31
|
show 2 more comments
4 Answers
4
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Problem conditions allows us to eliminate the variable $x$ and to seek the unconditional maximal value of function
$$f(y,z)=(2-z)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-y-z)^3).$$
Let $t=2-z,$ then
$$x=t-y,quad z=2-t,$$
$$f(y,t)=(y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)((t-y)^3 + (2-t)^3),$$
$$0<y<t<2.qquad (*)$$
Nesessary conditions of maximum within the area are
$$begin{cases}
f'_y = 2ytleft((2-t)^3+(t-y)^3right) + (y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)(-3)(t-y)^2 = 0\
f'_t = (y^2+3t^2-8t+4)left((2-t)^3+(t-y)^3right) + (y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)(-3)left((t-2)^2-(t-y)^2)right) = 0
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
2yleft((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right) -3(t-y)^2left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0\
(y^2+3t^2-8t+4)left((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right)- 3tleft(y^2+2ty-4t+4)right)left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0
end{cases}$$
This system is a homogeneous linear system for the variables $left((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right)$ and $left(y^2+(t-2)^2right)$. The condition of existence of nonzero solutions of the form
$$Delta=0,$$
$$Delta=begin{vmatrix}
2y & (t-y)^2\
y^2+3t^2-8t+4 & t(-y^2+2ty-4t+4)
end{vmatrix}$$
So
$$begin{cases}
2yt(-y^2+2ty-4t+4) - (t-y)^2(y^2+3t^2-8t+4) = 0\
2yleft((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right) -3(t-y)^2left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0\
end{cases}.$$
As shown in attachment, the maximum value of the objective function among the extreme points reached when
$$(x,y,z,f)=(0.272109,0.066672,1.661219,4.311784),$$
or
$$(t,y,f)=(0.338781, 0.0666722, 4.31178).$$
It is easy to see that this point is a solution both the first and the second equations.
Verify the edges of area.
If $y=0$ then
$$f(t)=(t^3-4t^2+4t)(t^3+(2-t)^3) = 6t^5-36t^4+80t^3-80t^2+32t,$$
$$f'(t)=30t^4-144t^3+240t^2-160t+32 = 2(t-2)(15t^3-42t^2+36t-8).$$
Real root of $(15t^3-42t^2+36t-8)$ equals to
$$t_m=-dfrac2{15}(-7+2^{1/3}+2 2^{2/3})approx 0.34204,$$
$$f(t_m)=dfrac{64 left(376+92cdot2^{1/3}+89cdot2^{2/3}right)}{9375}approx4.32259.$$
(Updated)
If $t=y$ then
$$f(t) = (2t^3-4t^2+4t)(2-t)^3 = -2t^6 + 16t^5 - 52t^4 + 88t^3 - 80t^2 + 32t,$$
$$f'(t) = -12t^5 + 80t^4 - 208t^3 + 264t^2 - 160t + 32 = -4(t-2)^2(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2),$$
$$f(t)=dfrac1{81}left(-54t^3+288t^2-492t+260)(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2)+112t^2-472t+520right)$$
Real root of $(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2)$ equals to
$$t_{m1}=dfrac19left(8-dfrac8{sqrt[3]{27sqrt{17}-109}}+sqrt[3]{27sqrt{17}-109}right)approx0.364976,$$
$$f(t_{m1})=dfrac1{81}left(112{t_{m1}}^2-472t_{m1}+520right)approx4.47717$$
If $t=2$ that
$$f(y) = 2y^2(2-y)^3=-2y^5+12y^4-24y^3+16y^2,$$
$$f'(y) = -10y^4 + 48y^3 - 72y^2 + 32y = -2y(y-2)^2(5y-4),$$
$$(t,f) = left(dfrac45,dfrac{6912}{3125}right)approx(0.8, 2.21184)$$
Account, that the values of function at the vertices of the area are zero.
Thus
$$f(y,t)<4.4772$$
and therefore
$$boxed{(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)<dfrac92text{ for } x+y+z=2}$$
Completed 09.07.16
Attachment
The exact value of the maximum within the area defined by the system of two algebraic equations of the fourth order in two variables.
We show how to present its solution through the roots of a polynomial in one variable.
At first:
$$begin{cases}
2ty(2-y)(2-2t+y) - (t-y)^2(y^2+(3t-2)(t-2)) = 0\
y(2-y)(2(2-t)^2+(2y-2t)(2-2t+y)) - (t-y)^2(3y^2+(3t-6)(t-2)) = 0,
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
2y(2-y)(-2t^2+(y+2)t) - (t-y)^2(3t^2-8t+4+y^2) = 0\
y(2-y)((2-t)^2+(y-2t)(2-2t+y)) - (t-y)^2(y^2+2(2-t)) = 0.quad [((2)-(1))/2]
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
3(t-y)^4 + 2(3y-4)(t-y)^3 + 4(t-y)^2 - 2y(y-2)(3y-2)(t-y) - 2y^2(y-2)^2 = 0\
(t-y)^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)(t-y)^2 + y(2-y)(3y-4)(t-y) + y(1-y)(2-y)^2 = 0,
end{cases},$$
or
$$begin{cases}
3x^4 + (6y-8)x^3 + 4x^2 - 2y(y-2)(3y-2)x - 2y^2(y-2)^2 = 0\
x^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)x^2 + y(2-y)(3y-4)x + y(1-y)(2-y)^2 = 0,
end{cases}.$$
Note that the first equation can be replaced for the remainder when divided by the second equation.
Given the identity of
$$(ax^2+bx)c^2 = (acx+bc-ad)(cx+d)+(ad-bc)dqquad(1)$$
for
$$a=3,quad b=6y-8,quad c=1,quad d=-(3y^2-6y+2),$$
the quotient of polynomials still $$q=3x+6y-8+3(3y^2-6y+2)=3x+9y^2-12y-2.$$
Therefore,
$$3x^4+(6y-8)x^3+4x^2-2y(y-2)(3y-2)x-2y^2(y-2)^2-(3x+9y^2-12y-2)(x^3-(3y^2-6y+2)x^2+y(2-y)(3y-4)x+y(1-y)(2-y)^2\
= 3y(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4)x^2 + 3y(y-2)(9y^3-23y^2+9y+6)x + y(y-2)^2(9y^3-21y^2+8y+2).$$
Within the area $ynot=0,$ so we have
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)x^2 + 3(y-2)P_1(y)x + 3(y-2)^2P_0(y) = 0\
x^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)x^2 + y(y-2)(4-3y)x+ y(1-y)(y-2)^2 = 0,
end{cases}$$
where
$$P_0(y) = 9y^3-21y^2+8y+2,$$
$$P_1(y) = 3(9y^3-23y^2+9y+6),$$
$$P_2(y) = 3(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4).$$
Within the area $ynot=2.$
Let
$$x=(2-y)u,$$
then
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)u^2-P_1(y)u+P_0(y)=0,\
(y-2)u^3 + (3y^2-6y+2)u^2 + (4y-3y^2)u + y^2-y = 0.
end{cases}$$
Quotient by dividing of the second polynomial with multiplier $P_2^2$ to the second polynomial can be calculated by the formula $(1)$ for the values
$$a_1 = y-2,quad b_1= 3y^2-6y+2,quad c_1 = P_2(y),quad d_1 = -P_1(y),$$
so it equals to
$$q_1(u,y) = (a_1u +b_1)c_1-a_1d_1 = ((y-2)u + 3y^2-6y+2)P_2(y)+(y-2)P_1(y),$$
$$q_1(u,y) = 3(u(y-2)(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4) + 27 y^5-126y^4+193y^3-95 y^2-4))$$
Wherein
$$P_2^2(y)left((y-2)u^3 + (3y^2-6y+2)u^2 + (4y-3y^2)u + y^2-y)right) - q_1(u,y)(P_2(y)u^2 - P_1(y)u + P_0(y))\
= -3(81y^6-273y^5+132y^4+285y^3-94y^2-212y+56)u\
+ 3(18y^6+3y^5-263y^4+518y^3-278y^2-16y+8).\$$
So
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)u^2-P_1(y)u+P_0(y)=0,\
Q_1(y)u-Q_0(y) = 0,\
end{cases}$$
where
$$Q_0(y) = 18y^6+3y^5-263y^4+518y^3-278y^2-16y+8,$$
$$Q_1(y) = 81y^6-273y^5+132y^4+285y^3-94y^2-212y+56.$$
At last, immediate using of $(1)$ gives
$$Q_1^2(P_2u^2-P_1u) = q_1(y,u)(Q_1u-Q_0)+(-P_2Q_0+P_1Q_1)(-Q_0),$$
so we have a system
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)Q_0^2(y)-P_1(y)Q_0(y)Q_1(y)+P_0(y)Q_1^2(y)=0,\
Q_1(y)u-Q_0(y) = 0,\
end{cases}$$
where the first equation
$$28431y^{15}-332424y^{14}+1769283y^{13}-5834430y^{12}+13865013y^{11}
-25972002y^{10}+39273849y^9-46208412y^8+39498804y^7-22289616y^6+6739136y^5-82304y^4-544960y^3+77312y^2+12544y-1024=0$$
depends only on the $y$ and for $yin(0,2)$ has roots
$$y_4=0.06667216, y_5=0.36405184, y_8=1.26087211, y_9=1.53077106, y_{12}=1.65191401,$$
full Mathcad results are:
That gives us the next solutions within the area $x,y,z>0:$
$$(x,y,z,f)inleft{
begin{matrix}
(0.272109,0.066672,1.661219,4.311784)\
(1.217651,0.364052,0.418297,0.913705)\
(0.229352,1.530771,0.239877,0.109307)\
(0.164858,1.651914,0.183228,0.053358)
end{matrix}
right}$$
Done!
It can be seen that using the algorithm for polynomials, similar the Euclidean algorithm, eliminates the second variable $x$ (or $u$), expressing it through the ratio of polynomials.
Also it gives a polynomial equation for $y$.
answered Jun 10 '16 at 21:26
Yuri NegometyanovYuri Negometyanov
12.5k1729
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In the $t=y$ case, where $f$ achieves maximum, the 1st factor should be $2t^3−4t^2+4t$. I don't know how to put this nicely, but have you read /cross-checked other people's comments or answers before you spending time typing up all the latex?
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– Wiley
Jun 11 '16 at 0:12
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@Wiley Thank you. Fixed.
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– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 4:34
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@SubhadeepDey Something did not like. Not elegant, I guess). Upvotes a short replica - there is no doubt.
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– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 12 '16 at 16:57
add a comment |
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Here is a rather ugly proof (but with the side benefit to get the maximum analytically):
$z=0$, $x+y=2$; apply AM-GM:
$$(x+y)y^2x^3=2x^3y^2=6^3left(frac{x}{3}right)^3left(frac{y}{2}right)^2le6^3left(frac{x+y}{5}right)^5=left(frac{24}{25}right)^2left(frac{12}{5}right)<frac{9}{2}.$$
$z>0$, let $x=az,~y=bz$, constraint becomes $(a+b+1)z=2$. eliminate $z$:
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)=z^6(a+b)(b^2+1)(a^3+1)=frac{64(a+b)(a^3+1)(b^2+1)}{(a+b+1)^6}=:f(a,b).$$
To get $$max_{a,bge0}~f(a,b),$$ consider the following two cases:
- $s=a+bge1$, where the inequality is weak; apply AM-GM and $a,ble s,$
$$(a^3+1)(b^2+1)=3^32^2left(frac{a}{3}right)^3left(frac{b}{2}right)^2+a^3+b^2+1<3^32^2left(frac{s}{5}right)^5+s^3+s^2+1,$$ thus
$$f<frac{5s^6+128(s^4+s^3+s)}{2(s+1)^6}<frac{7}{2}<frac{9}{2},$$
as
$$frac{3^32^2}{5^5}<frac{5}{128}$$
and
$$7(s+1)^6-[5s^6+128(s^4+s^3+s)]\=2s^6+19s^5+12s^3+19s^2+7+s(s-1)(23s^3+86)>0.$$ - $s=a+b<1$, thus $a,b<1$ and given $s$,
$$(a^3+1)(b^2+1)=1+b^2+a^3+a^3b^2le1+b^2+a^2+2ab=1+s^2,$$
or
$$flefrac{64s(1+s^2)}{(1+s)^6}<4.4772<frac{9}{2},$$
where the maximum is achieved at $a=0$ and $b=sapprox0.223$, the only real root of the cubic equation $3t^3-3t^2+5t-1=0$. They are equivalent to $zapprox1.635$ (the real root of $3t^3-10t^2+12t-6=0$), $x=0$ and $y=2-zapprox0.365$.
- $s=a+bge1$, where the inequality is weak; apply AM-GM and $a,ble s,$
Post-mortem:
- Is there an elementary way to prove that the maximum of $64s(1+s^2)(1+s)^{-6}$ is less than $9/2$? I had to take the derivative and solve the resulting cubic equation numerically;
- By rescaling, the homogeneous version is
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)<frac{9}{2}left(frac{x+y+z}{2}right)^6,$$
for $x,y,zge0$ and the coefficient on RHS can be improved to ~$4.4772$ as above.
answered Jun 9 '16 at 6:28
WileyWiley
1,09459
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The maximum of $64s(1+s^2)(1+s)^{-6}$ is a real root of a cubic polynom $3s^3-3s^2+5s-1,$ exact value see there: wolframalpha.com/input/?i=3s%5E3-3s%5E2%2B5s-1%3D0 Is this an elementary way?
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– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 10:44
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(-1) Not useful. The objective function is converted poorly, and the proof has been difficult and fragmented
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– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 17:29
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@YuriNegometyanov, you know for a moment, I thought you were talking about your own proof ;) OP mentioned that she is more interested in proofs using elementary methods rather than numerical ones, but apparently you have different interpretation of what OP said...
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– Wiley
Jun 11 '16 at 18:03
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@Wiley: very nice proof.
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– Andreas
Jun 12 '16 at 16:42
add a comment |
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The proof comes by considering three cases.
Case 1: $z>1$, $y> 0.1$. We have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= (2-z)((2-x-z)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-y)^3) - frac92\
< (2-z)((2-z)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-0.1)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0, see this plot:
and in more detail here:
Case 2: $z>1$, $yleq 0.1$. We have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= (2-z)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-y)^3) - frac92\
< (2-z)((0.1)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0, see this plot:
Case 3:
$z leq 1$. Here, let $x = frac{r}{2} (1+q)$ and $y = frac{r}{2} (1-q)$. Hence, $x+y = r$ and $1 leq r leq 2$. Further, $-1leq q leq 1$ since $x geq 0$ and $y geq 0$. With this notation, we have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= r (frac{r^2}{4} (1-q)^2+(2-r)^2)((2-r)^3+frac{r^3}{8} (1+q)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0 in the given ($q,r$)-range, see this contourplot:
Note 1: since no upper limits have been made in rewriting the equation for case 3, it would have been possible to drop the condition $zleq 1$ and, giving the proof without case discussion, to draw the contourplot for the full range $0leq r leq 2$. However, the delicate case where the bound is very tight occurs in case 1 and is easier to see with the given description in case 1. In a contourplot for the full range $0leq r leq 2$, this delicate case can only be shown with magnification of the relevant area.
Note 2: The first two cases are in one parameter $z$ only, so showing the negativity over the given $z$-range will be easily possible, instead of plots, by analytic approximations.
Note 3: In the third case, the values are manifestly negative in the whole considered range. Hence, also here, showing negativity over the whole range will be easily possible, instead of plots, by coarse approximations.
This completes the proof.
answered Jun 7 '16 at 17:23
AndreasAndreas
8,4161137
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1
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But this is essentially a numerical proof, isn't it?
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– Yuriy S
Jun 7 '16 at 17:27
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@Yuriy: It is not a "numerical proof" in the sense that limits have been generated and the problem has been made one-dimensional in cases 1 and 2, and since the problem has been cast into a description with independent parameters r and q in case 3. As for optional further steps: please see my notes in the main text. The relevant analytic approximations can be done.
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– Andreas
Jun 7 '16 at 19:26
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Andreas, I've got your point after the first iteration of your comment, there is no need to constantly update it. Let the original poster deside if your answer is to their satisfaction, I've got nothing more to say on this. Thank you
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– Yuriy S
Jun 7 '16 at 19:28
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@Yuriy: agreed.
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– Andreas
Jun 7 '16 at 21:22
3
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Graphing is not proving.
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– Alex M.
Jun 10 '16 at 21:29
|
show 1 more comment
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Let $f(x,y,z)=(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)$.
Assume that $y$ is largest of $x,y,z$. Then $$f(x,y,z)-f(x,z,y)=(y^2+z^2)(x + y) (x + z) (y - z) (x - y - z)le0$$and therefore we may assume $x$ or $z$ is largest of $x, y, z$.
If $x$ is largest, then
$$f(x,y,z)-f(z,y,x)=(z^3+x^3)(z-x)(xy+xz-y^2+yz)le0$$and therefore we may assume that $z$ is largest of $x,y,z$.
Now,$$f(0,x+y,z)-f(x,y,z)=(x+y)(((x+y)^2+z^2)z^3-(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3))\=x (x+y)(-x^2 y^2 - x^2 z^2 + x z^3 + 2 y z^3)ge0$$and we may assume that $x=0$.
Now it is just $y(y^2+(2-y)^2)(2-y)^3<frac{9}{2}$, or$$2 y^6 - 16 y^5 + 52 y^4 - 88 y^3 + 80 y^2 - 32 y + 4.5>0$$which is true for all nonnegative $y$.
answered Jan 29 at 16:42
didgognsdidgogns
3,153523
$endgroup$
add a comment |
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$begingroup$
Problem conditions allows us to eliminate the variable $x$ and to seek the unconditional maximal value of function
$$f(y,z)=(2-z)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-y-z)^3).$$
Let $t=2-z,$ then
$$x=t-y,quad z=2-t,$$
$$f(y,t)=(y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)((t-y)^3 + (2-t)^3),$$
$$0<y<t<2.qquad (*)$$
Nesessary conditions of maximum within the area are
$$begin{cases}
f'_y = 2ytleft((2-t)^3+(t-y)^3right) + (y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)(-3)(t-y)^2 = 0\
f'_t = (y^2+3t^2-8t+4)left((2-t)^3+(t-y)^3right) + (y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)(-3)left((t-2)^2-(t-y)^2)right) = 0
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
2yleft((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right) -3(t-y)^2left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0\
(y^2+3t^2-8t+4)left((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right)- 3tleft(y^2+2ty-4t+4)right)left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0
end{cases}$$
This system is a homogeneous linear system for the variables $left((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right)$ and $left(y^2+(t-2)^2right)$. The condition of existence of nonzero solutions of the form
$$Delta=0,$$
$$Delta=begin{vmatrix}
2y & (t-y)^2\
y^2+3t^2-8t+4 & t(-y^2+2ty-4t+4)
end{vmatrix}$$
So
$$begin{cases}
2yt(-y^2+2ty-4t+4) - (t-y)^2(y^2+3t^2-8t+4) = 0\
2yleft((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right) -3(t-y)^2left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0\
end{cases}.$$
As shown in attachment, the maximum value of the objective function among the extreme points reached when
$$(x,y,z,f)=(0.272109,0.066672,1.661219,4.311784),$$
or
$$(t,y,f)=(0.338781, 0.0666722, 4.31178).$$
It is easy to see that this point is a solution both the first and the second equations.
Verify the edges of area.
If $y=0$ then
$$f(t)=(t^3-4t^2+4t)(t^3+(2-t)^3) = 6t^5-36t^4+80t^3-80t^2+32t,$$
$$f'(t)=30t^4-144t^3+240t^2-160t+32 = 2(t-2)(15t^3-42t^2+36t-8).$$
Real root of $(15t^3-42t^2+36t-8)$ equals to
$$t_m=-dfrac2{15}(-7+2^{1/3}+2 2^{2/3})approx 0.34204,$$
$$f(t_m)=dfrac{64 left(376+92cdot2^{1/3}+89cdot2^{2/3}right)}{9375}approx4.32259.$$
(Updated)
If $t=y$ then
$$f(t) = (2t^3-4t^2+4t)(2-t)^3 = -2t^6 + 16t^5 - 52t^4 + 88t^3 - 80t^2 + 32t,$$
$$f'(t) = -12t^5 + 80t^4 - 208t^3 + 264t^2 - 160t + 32 = -4(t-2)^2(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2),$$
$$f(t)=dfrac1{81}left(-54t^3+288t^2-492t+260)(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2)+112t^2-472t+520right)$$
Real root of $(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2)$ equals to
$$t_{m1}=dfrac19left(8-dfrac8{sqrt[3]{27sqrt{17}-109}}+sqrt[3]{27sqrt{17}-109}right)approx0.364976,$$
$$f(t_{m1})=dfrac1{81}left(112{t_{m1}}^2-472t_{m1}+520right)approx4.47717$$
If $t=2$ that
$$f(y) = 2y^2(2-y)^3=-2y^5+12y^4-24y^3+16y^2,$$
$$f'(y) = -10y^4 + 48y^3 - 72y^2 + 32y = -2y(y-2)^2(5y-4),$$
$$(t,f) = left(dfrac45,dfrac{6912}{3125}right)approx(0.8, 2.21184)$$
Account, that the values of function at the vertices of the area are zero.
Thus
$$f(y,t)<4.4772$$
and therefore
$$boxed{(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)<dfrac92text{ for } x+y+z=2}$$
Completed 09.07.16
Attachment
The exact value of the maximum within the area defined by the system of two algebraic equations of the fourth order in two variables.
We show how to present its solution through the roots of a polynomial in one variable.
At first:
$$begin{cases}
2ty(2-y)(2-2t+y) - (t-y)^2(y^2+(3t-2)(t-2)) = 0\
y(2-y)(2(2-t)^2+(2y-2t)(2-2t+y)) - (t-y)^2(3y^2+(3t-6)(t-2)) = 0,
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
2y(2-y)(-2t^2+(y+2)t) - (t-y)^2(3t^2-8t+4+y^2) = 0\
y(2-y)((2-t)^2+(y-2t)(2-2t+y)) - (t-y)^2(y^2+2(2-t)) = 0.quad [((2)-(1))/2]
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
3(t-y)^4 + 2(3y-4)(t-y)^3 + 4(t-y)^2 - 2y(y-2)(3y-2)(t-y) - 2y^2(y-2)^2 = 0\
(t-y)^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)(t-y)^2 + y(2-y)(3y-4)(t-y) + y(1-y)(2-y)^2 = 0,
end{cases},$$
or
$$begin{cases}
3x^4 + (6y-8)x^3 + 4x^2 - 2y(y-2)(3y-2)x - 2y^2(y-2)^2 = 0\
x^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)x^2 + y(2-y)(3y-4)x + y(1-y)(2-y)^2 = 0,
end{cases}.$$
Note that the first equation can be replaced for the remainder when divided by the second equation.
Given the identity of
$$(ax^2+bx)c^2 = (acx+bc-ad)(cx+d)+(ad-bc)dqquad(1)$$
for
$$a=3,quad b=6y-8,quad c=1,quad d=-(3y^2-6y+2),$$
the quotient of polynomials still $$q=3x+6y-8+3(3y^2-6y+2)=3x+9y^2-12y-2.$$
Therefore,
$$3x^4+(6y-8)x^3+4x^2-2y(y-2)(3y-2)x-2y^2(y-2)^2-(3x+9y^2-12y-2)(x^3-(3y^2-6y+2)x^2+y(2-y)(3y-4)x+y(1-y)(2-y)^2\
= 3y(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4)x^2 + 3y(y-2)(9y^3-23y^2+9y+6)x + y(y-2)^2(9y^3-21y^2+8y+2).$$
Within the area $ynot=0,$ so we have
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)x^2 + 3(y-2)P_1(y)x + 3(y-2)^2P_0(y) = 0\
x^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)x^2 + y(y-2)(4-3y)x+ y(1-y)(y-2)^2 = 0,
end{cases}$$
where
$$P_0(y) = 9y^3-21y^2+8y+2,$$
$$P_1(y) = 3(9y^3-23y^2+9y+6),$$
$$P_2(y) = 3(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4).$$
Within the area $ynot=2.$
Let
$$x=(2-y)u,$$
then
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)u^2-P_1(y)u+P_0(y)=0,\
(y-2)u^3 + (3y^2-6y+2)u^2 + (4y-3y^2)u + y^2-y = 0.
end{cases}$$
Quotient by dividing of the second polynomial with multiplier $P_2^2$ to the second polynomial can be calculated by the formula $(1)$ for the values
$$a_1 = y-2,quad b_1= 3y^2-6y+2,quad c_1 = P_2(y),quad d_1 = -P_1(y),$$
so it equals to
$$q_1(u,y) = (a_1u +b_1)c_1-a_1d_1 = ((y-2)u + 3y^2-6y+2)P_2(y)+(y-2)P_1(y),$$
$$q_1(u,y) = 3(u(y-2)(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4) + 27 y^5-126y^4+193y^3-95 y^2-4))$$
Wherein
$$P_2^2(y)left((y-2)u^3 + (3y^2-6y+2)u^2 + (4y-3y^2)u + y^2-y)right) - q_1(u,y)(P_2(y)u^2 - P_1(y)u + P_0(y))\
= -3(81y^6-273y^5+132y^4+285y^3-94y^2-212y+56)u\
+ 3(18y^6+3y^5-263y^4+518y^3-278y^2-16y+8).\$$
So
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)u^2-P_1(y)u+P_0(y)=0,\
Q_1(y)u-Q_0(y) = 0,\
end{cases}$$
where
$$Q_0(y) = 18y^6+3y^5-263y^4+518y^3-278y^2-16y+8,$$
$$Q_1(y) = 81y^6-273y^5+132y^4+285y^3-94y^2-212y+56.$$
At last, immediate using of $(1)$ gives
$$Q_1^2(P_2u^2-P_1u) = q_1(y,u)(Q_1u-Q_0)+(-P_2Q_0+P_1Q_1)(-Q_0),$$
so we have a system
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)Q_0^2(y)-P_1(y)Q_0(y)Q_1(y)+P_0(y)Q_1^2(y)=0,\
Q_1(y)u-Q_0(y) = 0,\
end{cases}$$
where the first equation
$$28431y^{15}-332424y^{14}+1769283y^{13}-5834430y^{12}+13865013y^{11}
-25972002y^{10}+39273849y^9-46208412y^8+39498804y^7-22289616y^6+6739136y^5-82304y^4-544960y^3+77312y^2+12544y-1024=0$$
depends only on the $y$ and for $yin(0,2)$ has roots
$$y_4=0.06667216, y_5=0.36405184, y_8=1.26087211, y_9=1.53077106, y_{12}=1.65191401,$$
full Mathcad results are:
That gives us the next solutions within the area $x,y,z>0:$
$$(x,y,z,f)inleft{
begin{matrix}
(0.272109,0.066672,1.661219,4.311784)\
(1.217651,0.364052,0.418297,0.913705)\
(0.229352,1.530771,0.239877,0.109307)\
(0.164858,1.651914,0.183228,0.053358)
end{matrix}
right}$$
Done!
It can be seen that using the algorithm for polynomials, similar the Euclidean algorithm, eliminates the second variable $x$ (or $u$), expressing it through the ratio of polynomials.
Also it gives a polynomial equation for $y$.
answered Jun 10 '16 at 21:26
Yuri NegometyanovYuri Negometyanov
12.5k1729
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In the $t=y$ case, where $f$ achieves maximum, the 1st factor should be $2t^3−4t^2+4t$. I don't know how to put this nicely, but have you read /cross-checked other people's comments or answers before you spending time typing up all the latex?
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– Wiley
Jun 11 '16 at 0:12
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@Wiley Thank you. Fixed.
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– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 4:34
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@SubhadeepDey Something did not like. Not elegant, I guess). Upvotes a short replica - there is no doubt.
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 12 '16 at 16:57
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Problem conditions allows us to eliminate the variable $x$ and to seek the unconditional maximal value of function
$$f(y,z)=(2-z)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-y-z)^3).$$
Let $t=2-z,$ then
$$x=t-y,quad z=2-t,$$
$$f(y,t)=(y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)((t-y)^3 + (2-t)^3),$$
$$0<y<t<2.qquad (*)$$
Nesessary conditions of maximum within the area are
$$begin{cases}
f'_y = 2ytleft((2-t)^3+(t-y)^3right) + (y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)(-3)(t-y)^2 = 0\
f'_t = (y^2+3t^2-8t+4)left((2-t)^3+(t-y)^3right) + (y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)(-3)left((t-2)^2-(t-y)^2)right) = 0
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
2yleft((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right) -3(t-y)^2left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0\
(y^2+3t^2-8t+4)left((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right)- 3tleft(y^2+2ty-4t+4)right)left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0
end{cases}$$
This system is a homogeneous linear system for the variables $left((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right)$ and $left(y^2+(t-2)^2right)$. The condition of existence of nonzero solutions of the form
$$Delta=0,$$
$$Delta=begin{vmatrix}
2y & (t-y)^2\
y^2+3t^2-8t+4 & t(-y^2+2ty-4t+4)
end{vmatrix}$$
So
$$begin{cases}
2yt(-y^2+2ty-4t+4) - (t-y)^2(y^2+3t^2-8t+4) = 0\
2yleft((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right) -3(t-y)^2left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0\
end{cases}.$$
As shown in attachment, the maximum value of the objective function among the extreme points reached when
$$(x,y,z,f)=(0.272109,0.066672,1.661219,4.311784),$$
or
$$(t,y,f)=(0.338781, 0.0666722, 4.31178).$$
It is easy to see that this point is a solution both the first and the second equations.
Verify the edges of area.
If $y=0$ then
$$f(t)=(t^3-4t^2+4t)(t^3+(2-t)^3) = 6t^5-36t^4+80t^3-80t^2+32t,$$
$$f'(t)=30t^4-144t^3+240t^2-160t+32 = 2(t-2)(15t^3-42t^2+36t-8).$$
Real root of $(15t^3-42t^2+36t-8)$ equals to
$$t_m=-dfrac2{15}(-7+2^{1/3}+2 2^{2/3})approx 0.34204,$$
$$f(t_m)=dfrac{64 left(376+92cdot2^{1/3}+89cdot2^{2/3}right)}{9375}approx4.32259.$$
(Updated)
If $t=y$ then
$$f(t) = (2t^3-4t^2+4t)(2-t)^3 = -2t^6 + 16t^5 - 52t^4 + 88t^3 - 80t^2 + 32t,$$
$$f'(t) = -12t^5 + 80t^4 - 208t^3 + 264t^2 - 160t + 32 = -4(t-2)^2(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2),$$
$$f(t)=dfrac1{81}left(-54t^3+288t^2-492t+260)(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2)+112t^2-472t+520right)$$
Real root of $(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2)$ equals to
$$t_{m1}=dfrac19left(8-dfrac8{sqrt[3]{27sqrt{17}-109}}+sqrt[3]{27sqrt{17}-109}right)approx0.364976,$$
$$f(t_{m1})=dfrac1{81}left(112{t_{m1}}^2-472t_{m1}+520right)approx4.47717$$
If $t=2$ that
$$f(y) = 2y^2(2-y)^3=-2y^5+12y^4-24y^3+16y^2,$$
$$f'(y) = -10y^4 + 48y^3 - 72y^2 + 32y = -2y(y-2)^2(5y-4),$$
$$(t,f) = left(dfrac45,dfrac{6912}{3125}right)approx(0.8, 2.21184)$$
Account, that the values of function at the vertices of the area are zero.
Thus
$$f(y,t)<4.4772$$
and therefore
$$boxed{(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)<dfrac92text{ for } x+y+z=2}$$
Completed 09.07.16
Attachment
The exact value of the maximum within the area defined by the system of two algebraic equations of the fourth order in two variables.
We show how to present its solution through the roots of a polynomial in one variable.
At first:
$$begin{cases}
2ty(2-y)(2-2t+y) - (t-y)^2(y^2+(3t-2)(t-2)) = 0\
y(2-y)(2(2-t)^2+(2y-2t)(2-2t+y)) - (t-y)^2(3y^2+(3t-6)(t-2)) = 0,
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
2y(2-y)(-2t^2+(y+2)t) - (t-y)^2(3t^2-8t+4+y^2) = 0\
y(2-y)((2-t)^2+(y-2t)(2-2t+y)) - (t-y)^2(y^2+2(2-t)) = 0.quad [((2)-(1))/2]
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
3(t-y)^4 + 2(3y-4)(t-y)^3 + 4(t-y)^2 - 2y(y-2)(3y-2)(t-y) - 2y^2(y-2)^2 = 0\
(t-y)^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)(t-y)^2 + y(2-y)(3y-4)(t-y) + y(1-y)(2-y)^2 = 0,
end{cases},$$
or
$$begin{cases}
3x^4 + (6y-8)x^3 + 4x^2 - 2y(y-2)(3y-2)x - 2y^2(y-2)^2 = 0\
x^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)x^2 + y(2-y)(3y-4)x + y(1-y)(2-y)^2 = 0,
end{cases}.$$
Note that the first equation can be replaced for the remainder when divided by the second equation.
Given the identity of
$$(ax^2+bx)c^2 = (acx+bc-ad)(cx+d)+(ad-bc)dqquad(1)$$
for
$$a=3,quad b=6y-8,quad c=1,quad d=-(3y^2-6y+2),$$
the quotient of polynomials still $$q=3x+6y-8+3(3y^2-6y+2)=3x+9y^2-12y-2.$$
Therefore,
$$3x^4+(6y-8)x^3+4x^2-2y(y-2)(3y-2)x-2y^2(y-2)^2-(3x+9y^2-12y-2)(x^3-(3y^2-6y+2)x^2+y(2-y)(3y-4)x+y(1-y)(2-y)^2\
= 3y(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4)x^2 + 3y(y-2)(9y^3-23y^2+9y+6)x + y(y-2)^2(9y^3-21y^2+8y+2).$$
Within the area $ynot=0,$ so we have
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)x^2 + 3(y-2)P_1(y)x + 3(y-2)^2P_0(y) = 0\
x^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)x^2 + y(y-2)(4-3y)x+ y(1-y)(y-2)^2 = 0,
end{cases}$$
where
$$P_0(y) = 9y^3-21y^2+8y+2,$$
$$P_1(y) = 3(9y^3-23y^2+9y+6),$$
$$P_2(y) = 3(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4).$$
Within the area $ynot=2.$
Let
$$x=(2-y)u,$$
then
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)u^2-P_1(y)u+P_0(y)=0,\
(y-2)u^3 + (3y^2-6y+2)u^2 + (4y-3y^2)u + y^2-y = 0.
end{cases}$$
Quotient by dividing of the second polynomial with multiplier $P_2^2$ to the second polynomial can be calculated by the formula $(1)$ for the values
$$a_1 = y-2,quad b_1= 3y^2-6y+2,quad c_1 = P_2(y),quad d_1 = -P_1(y),$$
so it equals to
$$q_1(u,y) = (a_1u +b_1)c_1-a_1d_1 = ((y-2)u + 3y^2-6y+2)P_2(y)+(y-2)P_1(y),$$
$$q_1(u,y) = 3(u(y-2)(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4) + 27 y^5-126y^4+193y^3-95 y^2-4))$$
Wherein
$$P_2^2(y)left((y-2)u^3 + (3y^2-6y+2)u^2 + (4y-3y^2)u + y^2-y)right) - q_1(u,y)(P_2(y)u^2 - P_1(y)u + P_0(y))\
= -3(81y^6-273y^5+132y^4+285y^3-94y^2-212y+56)u\
+ 3(18y^6+3y^5-263y^4+518y^3-278y^2-16y+8).\$$
So
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)u^2-P_1(y)u+P_0(y)=0,\
Q_1(y)u-Q_0(y) = 0,\
end{cases}$$
where
$$Q_0(y) = 18y^6+3y^5-263y^4+518y^3-278y^2-16y+8,$$
$$Q_1(y) = 81y^6-273y^5+132y^4+285y^3-94y^2-212y+56.$$
At last, immediate using of $(1)$ gives
$$Q_1^2(P_2u^2-P_1u) = q_1(y,u)(Q_1u-Q_0)+(-P_2Q_0+P_1Q_1)(-Q_0),$$
so we have a system
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)Q_0^2(y)-P_1(y)Q_0(y)Q_1(y)+P_0(y)Q_1^2(y)=0,\
Q_1(y)u-Q_0(y) = 0,\
end{cases}$$
where the first equation
$$28431y^{15}-332424y^{14}+1769283y^{13}-5834430y^{12}+13865013y^{11}
-25972002y^{10}+39273849y^9-46208412y^8+39498804y^7-22289616y^6+6739136y^5-82304y^4-544960y^3+77312y^2+12544y-1024=0$$
depends only on the $y$ and for $yin(0,2)$ has roots
$$y_4=0.06667216, y_5=0.36405184, y_8=1.26087211, y_9=1.53077106, y_{12}=1.65191401,$$
full Mathcad results are:
That gives us the next solutions within the area $x,y,z>0:$
$$(x,y,z,f)inleft{
begin{matrix}
(0.272109,0.066672,1.661219,4.311784)\
(1.217651,0.364052,0.418297,0.913705)\
(0.229352,1.530771,0.239877,0.109307)\
(0.164858,1.651914,0.183228,0.053358)
end{matrix}
right}$$
Done!
It can be seen that using the algorithm for polynomials, similar the Euclidean algorithm, eliminates the second variable $x$ (or $u$), expressing it through the ratio of polynomials.
Also it gives a polynomial equation for $y$.
answered Jun 10 '16 at 21:26
Yuri NegometyanovYuri Negometyanov
12.5k1729
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
In the $t=y$ case, where $f$ achieves maximum, the 1st factor should be $2t^3−4t^2+4t$. I don't know how to put this nicely, but have you read /cross-checked other people's comments or answers before you spending time typing up all the latex?
$endgroup$
– Wiley
Jun 11 '16 at 0:12
$begingroup$
@Wiley Thank you. Fixed.
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 4:34
$begingroup$
@SubhadeepDey Something did not like. Not elegant, I guess). Upvotes a short replica - there is no doubt.
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 12 '16 at 16:57
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Problem conditions allows us to eliminate the variable $x$ and to seek the unconditional maximal value of function
$$f(y,z)=(2-z)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-y-z)^3).$$
Let $t=2-z,$ then
$$x=t-y,quad z=2-t,$$
$$f(y,t)=(y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)((t-y)^3 + (2-t)^3),$$
$$0<y<t<2.qquad (*)$$
Nesessary conditions of maximum within the area are
$$begin{cases}
f'_y = 2ytleft((2-t)^3+(t-y)^3right) + (y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)(-3)(t-y)^2 = 0\
f'_t = (y^2+3t^2-8t+4)left((2-t)^3+(t-y)^3right) + (y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)(-3)left((t-2)^2-(t-y)^2)right) = 0
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
2yleft((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right) -3(t-y)^2left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0\
(y^2+3t^2-8t+4)left((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right)- 3tleft(y^2+2ty-4t+4)right)left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0
end{cases}$$
This system is a homogeneous linear system for the variables $left((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right)$ and $left(y^2+(t-2)^2right)$. The condition of existence of nonzero solutions of the form
$$Delta=0,$$
$$Delta=begin{vmatrix}
2y & (t-y)^2\
y^2+3t^2-8t+4 & t(-y^2+2ty-4t+4)
end{vmatrix}$$
So
$$begin{cases}
2yt(-y^2+2ty-4t+4) - (t-y)^2(y^2+3t^2-8t+4) = 0\
2yleft((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right) -3(t-y)^2left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0\
end{cases}.$$
As shown in attachment, the maximum value of the objective function among the extreme points reached when
$$(x,y,z,f)=(0.272109,0.066672,1.661219,4.311784),$$
or
$$(t,y,f)=(0.338781, 0.0666722, 4.31178).$$
It is easy to see that this point is a solution both the first and the second equations.
Verify the edges of area.
If $y=0$ then
$$f(t)=(t^3-4t^2+4t)(t^3+(2-t)^3) = 6t^5-36t^4+80t^3-80t^2+32t,$$
$$f'(t)=30t^4-144t^3+240t^2-160t+32 = 2(t-2)(15t^3-42t^2+36t-8).$$
Real root of $(15t^3-42t^2+36t-8)$ equals to
$$t_m=-dfrac2{15}(-7+2^{1/3}+2 2^{2/3})approx 0.34204,$$
$$f(t_m)=dfrac{64 left(376+92cdot2^{1/3}+89cdot2^{2/3}right)}{9375}approx4.32259.$$
(Updated)
If $t=y$ then
$$f(t) = (2t^3-4t^2+4t)(2-t)^3 = -2t^6 + 16t^5 - 52t^4 + 88t^3 - 80t^2 + 32t,$$
$$f'(t) = -12t^5 + 80t^4 - 208t^3 + 264t^2 - 160t + 32 = -4(t-2)^2(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2),$$
$$f(t)=dfrac1{81}left(-54t^3+288t^2-492t+260)(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2)+112t^2-472t+520right)$$
Real root of $(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2)$ equals to
$$t_{m1}=dfrac19left(8-dfrac8{sqrt[3]{27sqrt{17}-109}}+sqrt[3]{27sqrt{17}-109}right)approx0.364976,$$
$$f(t_{m1})=dfrac1{81}left(112{t_{m1}}^2-472t_{m1}+520right)approx4.47717$$
If $t=2$ that
$$f(y) = 2y^2(2-y)^3=-2y^5+12y^4-24y^3+16y^2,$$
$$f'(y) = -10y^4 + 48y^3 - 72y^2 + 32y = -2y(y-2)^2(5y-4),$$
$$(t,f) = left(dfrac45,dfrac{6912}{3125}right)approx(0.8, 2.21184)$$
Account, that the values of function at the vertices of the area are zero.
Thus
$$f(y,t)<4.4772$$
and therefore
$$boxed{(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)<dfrac92text{ for } x+y+z=2}$$
Completed 09.07.16
Attachment
The exact value of the maximum within the area defined by the system of two algebraic equations of the fourth order in two variables.
We show how to present its solution through the roots of a polynomial in one variable.
At first:
$$begin{cases}
2ty(2-y)(2-2t+y) - (t-y)^2(y^2+(3t-2)(t-2)) = 0\
y(2-y)(2(2-t)^2+(2y-2t)(2-2t+y)) - (t-y)^2(3y^2+(3t-6)(t-2)) = 0,
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
2y(2-y)(-2t^2+(y+2)t) - (t-y)^2(3t^2-8t+4+y^2) = 0\
y(2-y)((2-t)^2+(y-2t)(2-2t+y)) - (t-y)^2(y^2+2(2-t)) = 0.quad [((2)-(1))/2]
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
3(t-y)^4 + 2(3y-4)(t-y)^3 + 4(t-y)^2 - 2y(y-2)(3y-2)(t-y) - 2y^2(y-2)^2 = 0\
(t-y)^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)(t-y)^2 + y(2-y)(3y-4)(t-y) + y(1-y)(2-y)^2 = 0,
end{cases},$$
or
$$begin{cases}
3x^4 + (6y-8)x^3 + 4x^2 - 2y(y-2)(3y-2)x - 2y^2(y-2)^2 = 0\
x^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)x^2 + y(2-y)(3y-4)x + y(1-y)(2-y)^2 = 0,
end{cases}.$$
Note that the first equation can be replaced for the remainder when divided by the second equation.
Given the identity of
$$(ax^2+bx)c^2 = (acx+bc-ad)(cx+d)+(ad-bc)dqquad(1)$$
for
$$a=3,quad b=6y-8,quad c=1,quad d=-(3y^2-6y+2),$$
the quotient of polynomials still $$q=3x+6y-8+3(3y^2-6y+2)=3x+9y^2-12y-2.$$
Therefore,
$$3x^4+(6y-8)x^3+4x^2-2y(y-2)(3y-2)x-2y^2(y-2)^2-(3x+9y^2-12y-2)(x^3-(3y^2-6y+2)x^2+y(2-y)(3y-4)x+y(1-y)(2-y)^2\
= 3y(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4)x^2 + 3y(y-2)(9y^3-23y^2+9y+6)x + y(y-2)^2(9y^3-21y^2+8y+2).$$
Within the area $ynot=0,$ so we have
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)x^2 + 3(y-2)P_1(y)x + 3(y-2)^2P_0(y) = 0\
x^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)x^2 + y(y-2)(4-3y)x+ y(1-y)(y-2)^2 = 0,
end{cases}$$
where
$$P_0(y) = 9y^3-21y^2+8y+2,$$
$$P_1(y) = 3(9y^3-23y^2+9y+6),$$
$$P_2(y) = 3(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4).$$
Within the area $ynot=2.$
Let
$$x=(2-y)u,$$
then
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)u^2-P_1(y)u+P_0(y)=0,\
(y-2)u^3 + (3y^2-6y+2)u^2 + (4y-3y^2)u + y^2-y = 0.
end{cases}$$
Quotient by dividing of the second polynomial with multiplier $P_2^2$ to the second polynomial can be calculated by the formula $(1)$ for the values
$$a_1 = y-2,quad b_1= 3y^2-6y+2,quad c_1 = P_2(y),quad d_1 = -P_1(y),$$
so it equals to
$$q_1(u,y) = (a_1u +b_1)c_1-a_1d_1 = ((y-2)u + 3y^2-6y+2)P_2(y)+(y-2)P_1(y),$$
$$q_1(u,y) = 3(u(y-2)(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4) + 27 y^5-126y^4+193y^3-95 y^2-4))$$
Wherein
$$P_2^2(y)left((y-2)u^3 + (3y^2-6y+2)u^2 + (4y-3y^2)u + y^2-y)right) - q_1(u,y)(P_2(y)u^2 - P_1(y)u + P_0(y))\
= -3(81y^6-273y^5+132y^4+285y^3-94y^2-212y+56)u\
+ 3(18y^6+3y^5-263y^4+518y^3-278y^2-16y+8).\$$
So
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)u^2-P_1(y)u+P_0(y)=0,\
Q_1(y)u-Q_0(y) = 0,\
end{cases}$$
where
$$Q_0(y) = 18y^6+3y^5-263y^4+518y^3-278y^2-16y+8,$$
$$Q_1(y) = 81y^6-273y^5+132y^4+285y^3-94y^2-212y+56.$$
At last, immediate using of $(1)$ gives
$$Q_1^2(P_2u^2-P_1u) = q_1(y,u)(Q_1u-Q_0)+(-P_2Q_0+P_1Q_1)(-Q_0),$$
so we have a system
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)Q_0^2(y)-P_1(y)Q_0(y)Q_1(y)+P_0(y)Q_1^2(y)=0,\
Q_1(y)u-Q_0(y) = 0,\
end{cases}$$
where the first equation
$$28431y^{15}-332424y^{14}+1769283y^{13}-5834430y^{12}+13865013y^{11}
-25972002y^{10}+39273849y^9-46208412y^8+39498804y^7-22289616y^6+6739136y^5-82304y^4-544960y^3+77312y^2+12544y-1024=0$$
depends only on the $y$ and for $yin(0,2)$ has roots
$$y_4=0.06667216, y_5=0.36405184, y_8=1.26087211, y_9=1.53077106, y_{12}=1.65191401,$$
full Mathcad results are:
That gives us the next solutions within the area $x,y,z>0:$
$$(x,y,z,f)inleft{
begin{matrix}
(0.272109,0.066672,1.661219,4.311784)\
(1.217651,0.364052,0.418297,0.913705)\
(0.229352,1.530771,0.239877,0.109307)\
(0.164858,1.651914,0.183228,0.053358)
end{matrix}
right}$$
Done!
It can be seen that using the algorithm for polynomials, similar the Euclidean algorithm, eliminates the second variable $x$ (or $u$), expressing it through the ratio of polynomials.
Also it gives a polynomial equation for $y$.
answered Jun 10 '16 at 21:26
Yuri NegometyanovYuri Negometyanov
12.5k1729
$endgroup$
Problem conditions allows us to eliminate the variable $x$ and to seek the unconditional maximal value of function
$$f(y,z)=(2-z)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-y-z)^3).$$
Let $t=2-z,$ then
$$x=t-y,quad z=2-t,$$
$$f(y,t)=(y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)((t-y)^3 + (2-t)^3),$$
$$0<y<t<2.qquad (*)$$
Nesessary conditions of maximum within the area are
$$begin{cases}
f'_y = 2ytleft((2-t)^3+(t-y)^3right) + (y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)(-3)(t-y)^2 = 0\
f'_t = (y^2+3t^2-8t+4)left((2-t)^3+(t-y)^3right) + (y^2t+t^3-4t^2+4t)(-3)left((t-2)^2-(t-y)^2)right) = 0
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
2yleft((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right) -3(t-y)^2left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0\
(y^2+3t^2-8t+4)left((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right)- 3tleft(y^2+2ty-4t+4)right)left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0
end{cases}$$
This system is a homogeneous linear system for the variables $left((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right)$ and $left(y^2+(t-2)^2right)$. The condition of existence of nonzero solutions of the form
$$Delta=0,$$
$$Delta=begin{vmatrix}
2y & (t-y)^2\
y^2+3t^2-8t+4 & t(-y^2+2ty-4t+4)
end{vmatrix}$$
So
$$begin{cases}
2yt(-y^2+2ty-4t+4) - (t-y)^2(y^2+3t^2-8t+4) = 0\
2yleft((t-y)^3-(t-2)^3right) -3(t-y)^2left(y^2+(t-2)^2right) = 0\
end{cases}.$$
As shown in attachment, the maximum value of the objective function among the extreme points reached when
$$(x,y,z,f)=(0.272109,0.066672,1.661219,4.311784),$$
or
$$(t,y,f)=(0.338781, 0.0666722, 4.31178).$$
It is easy to see that this point is a solution both the first and the second equations.
Verify the edges of area.
If $y=0$ then
$$f(t)=(t^3-4t^2+4t)(t^3+(2-t)^3) = 6t^5-36t^4+80t^3-80t^2+32t,$$
$$f'(t)=30t^4-144t^3+240t^2-160t+32 = 2(t-2)(15t^3-42t^2+36t-8).$$
Real root of $(15t^3-42t^2+36t-8)$ equals to
$$t_m=-dfrac2{15}(-7+2^{1/3}+2 2^{2/3})approx 0.34204,$$
$$f(t_m)=dfrac{64 left(376+92cdot2^{1/3}+89cdot2^{2/3}right)}{9375}approx4.32259.$$
(Updated)
If $t=y$ then
$$f(t) = (2t^3-4t^2+4t)(2-t)^3 = -2t^6 + 16t^5 - 52t^4 + 88t^3 - 80t^2 + 32t,$$
$$f'(t) = -12t^5 + 80t^4 - 208t^3 + 264t^2 - 160t + 32 = -4(t-2)^2(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2),$$
$$f(t)=dfrac1{81}left(-54t^3+288t^2-492t+260)(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2)+112t^2-472t+520right)$$
Real root of $(3t^3-8t^2+8t-2)$ equals to
$$t_{m1}=dfrac19left(8-dfrac8{sqrt[3]{27sqrt{17}-109}}+sqrt[3]{27sqrt{17}-109}right)approx0.364976,$$
$$f(t_{m1})=dfrac1{81}left(112{t_{m1}}^2-472t_{m1}+520right)approx4.47717$$
If $t=2$ that
$$f(y) = 2y^2(2-y)^3=-2y^5+12y^4-24y^3+16y^2,$$
$$f'(y) = -10y^4 + 48y^3 - 72y^2 + 32y = -2y(y-2)^2(5y-4),$$
$$(t,f) = left(dfrac45,dfrac{6912}{3125}right)approx(0.8, 2.21184)$$
Account, that the values of function at the vertices of the area are zero.
Thus
$$f(y,t)<4.4772$$
and therefore
$$boxed{(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)<dfrac92text{ for } x+y+z=2}$$
Completed 09.07.16
Attachment
The exact value of the maximum within the area defined by the system of two algebraic equations of the fourth order in two variables.
We show how to present its solution through the roots of a polynomial in one variable.
At first:
$$begin{cases}
2ty(2-y)(2-2t+y) - (t-y)^2(y^2+(3t-2)(t-2)) = 0\
y(2-y)(2(2-t)^2+(2y-2t)(2-2t+y)) - (t-y)^2(3y^2+(3t-6)(t-2)) = 0,
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
2y(2-y)(-2t^2+(y+2)t) - (t-y)^2(3t^2-8t+4+y^2) = 0\
y(2-y)((2-t)^2+(y-2t)(2-2t+y)) - (t-y)^2(y^2+2(2-t)) = 0.quad [((2)-(1))/2]
end{cases}$$
$$begin{cases}
3(t-y)^4 + 2(3y-4)(t-y)^3 + 4(t-y)^2 - 2y(y-2)(3y-2)(t-y) - 2y^2(y-2)^2 = 0\
(t-y)^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)(t-y)^2 + y(2-y)(3y-4)(t-y) + y(1-y)(2-y)^2 = 0,
end{cases},$$
or
$$begin{cases}
3x^4 + (6y-8)x^3 + 4x^2 - 2y(y-2)(3y-2)x - 2y^2(y-2)^2 = 0\
x^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)x^2 + y(2-y)(3y-4)x + y(1-y)(2-y)^2 = 0,
end{cases}.$$
Note that the first equation can be replaced for the remainder when divided by the second equation.
Given the identity of
$$(ax^2+bx)c^2 = (acx+bc-ad)(cx+d)+(ad-bc)dqquad(1)$$
for
$$a=3,quad b=6y-8,quad c=1,quad d=-(3y^2-6y+2),$$
the quotient of polynomials still $$q=3x+6y-8+3(3y^2-6y+2)=3x+9y^2-12y-2.$$
Therefore,
$$3x^4+(6y-8)x^3+4x^2-2y(y-2)(3y-2)x-2y^2(y-2)^2-(3x+9y^2-12y-2)(x^3-(3y^2-6y+2)x^2+y(2-y)(3y-4)x+y(1-y)(2-y)^2\
= 3y(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4)x^2 + 3y(y-2)(9y^3-23y^2+9y+6)x + y(y-2)^2(9y^3-21y^2+8y+2).$$
Within the area $ynot=0,$ so we have
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)x^2 + 3(y-2)P_1(y)x + 3(y-2)^2P_0(y) = 0\
x^3 - (3y^2-6y+2)x^2 + y(y-2)(4-3y)x+ y(1-y)(y-2)^2 = 0,
end{cases}$$
where
$$P_0(y) = 9y^3-21y^2+8y+2,$$
$$P_1(y) = 3(9y^3-23y^2+9y+6),$$
$$P_2(y) = 3(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4).$$
Within the area $ynot=2.$
Let
$$x=(2-y)u,$$
then
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)u^2-P_1(y)u+P_0(y)=0,\
(y-2)u^3 + (3y^2-6y+2)u^2 + (4y-3y^2)u + y^2-y = 0.
end{cases}$$
Quotient by dividing of the second polynomial with multiplier $P_2^2$ to the second polynomial can be calculated by the formula $(1)$ for the values
$$a_1 = y-2,quad b_1= 3y^2-6y+2,quad c_1 = P_2(y),quad d_1 = -P_1(y),$$
so it equals to
$$q_1(u,y) = (a_1u +b_1)c_1-a_1d_1 = ((y-2)u + 3y^2-6y+2)P_2(y)+(y-2)P_1(y),$$
$$q_1(u,y) = 3(u(y-2)(9y^3-27y^2+18y+4) + 27 y^5-126y^4+193y^3-95 y^2-4))$$
Wherein
$$P_2^2(y)left((y-2)u^3 + (3y^2-6y+2)u^2 + (4y-3y^2)u + y^2-y)right) - q_1(u,y)(P_2(y)u^2 - P_1(y)u + P_0(y))\
= -3(81y^6-273y^5+132y^4+285y^3-94y^2-212y+56)u\
+ 3(18y^6+3y^5-263y^4+518y^3-278y^2-16y+8).\$$
So
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)u^2-P_1(y)u+P_0(y)=0,\
Q_1(y)u-Q_0(y) = 0,\
end{cases}$$
where
$$Q_0(y) = 18y^6+3y^5-263y^4+518y^3-278y^2-16y+8,$$
$$Q_1(y) = 81y^6-273y^5+132y^4+285y^3-94y^2-212y+56.$$
At last, immediate using of $(1)$ gives
$$Q_1^2(P_2u^2-P_1u) = q_1(y,u)(Q_1u-Q_0)+(-P_2Q_0+P_1Q_1)(-Q_0),$$
so we have a system
$$begin{cases}
P_2(y)Q_0^2(y)-P_1(y)Q_0(y)Q_1(y)+P_0(y)Q_1^2(y)=0,\
Q_1(y)u-Q_0(y) = 0,\
end{cases}$$
where the first equation
$$28431y^{15}-332424y^{14}+1769283y^{13}-5834430y^{12}+13865013y^{11}
-25972002y^{10}+39273849y^9-46208412y^8+39498804y^7-22289616y^6+6739136y^5-82304y^4-544960y^3+77312y^2+12544y-1024=0$$
depends only on the $y$ and for $yin(0,2)$ has roots
$$y_4=0.06667216, y_5=0.36405184, y_8=1.26087211, y_9=1.53077106, y_{12}=1.65191401,$$
full Mathcad results are:
That gives us the next solutions within the area $x,y,z>0:$
$$(x,y,z,f)inleft{
begin{matrix}
(0.272109,0.066672,1.661219,4.311784)\
(1.217651,0.364052,0.418297,0.913705)\
(0.229352,1.530771,0.239877,0.109307)\
(0.164858,1.651914,0.183228,0.053358)
end{matrix}
right}$$
Done!
It can be seen that using the algorithm for polynomials, similar the Euclidean algorithm, eliminates the second variable $x$ (or $u$), expressing it through the ratio of polynomials.
Also it gives a polynomial equation for $y$.
answered Jun 10 '16 at 21:26
Yuri NegometyanovYuri Negometyanov
12.5k1729
edited Jul 20 '16 at 5:57
answered Jun 10 '16 at 21:26
Yuri NegometyanovYuri Negometyanov
12.5k1729
answered Jun 10 '16 at 21:26
Yuri NegometyanovYuri Negometyanov
12.5k1729
answered Jun 10 '16 at 21:26
Yuri NegometyanovYuri Negometyanov
12.5k1729
12.5k1729
$begingroup$
In the $t=y$ case, where $f$ achieves maximum, the 1st factor should be $2t^3−4t^2+4t$. I don't know how to put this nicely, but have you read /cross-checked other people's comments or answers before you spending time typing up all the latex?
$endgroup$
– Wiley
Jun 11 '16 at 0:12
$begingroup$
@Wiley Thank you. Fixed.
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 4:34
$begingroup$
@SubhadeepDey Something did not like. Not elegant, I guess). Upvotes a short replica - there is no doubt.
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 12 '16 at 16:57
add a comment |
$begingroup$
In the $t=y$ case, where $f$ achieves maximum, the 1st factor should be $2t^3−4t^2+4t$. I don't know how to put this nicely, but have you read /cross-checked other people's comments or answers before you spending time typing up all the latex?
$endgroup$
– Wiley
Jun 11 '16 at 0:12
$begingroup$
@Wiley Thank you. Fixed.
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 4:34
$begingroup$
@SubhadeepDey Something did not like. Not elegant, I guess). Upvotes a short replica - there is no doubt.
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 12 '16 at 16:57
$begingroup$
In the $t=y$ case, where $f$ achieves maximum, the 1st factor should be $2t^3−4t^2+4t$. I don't know how to put this nicely, but have you read /cross-checked other people's comments or answers before you spending time typing up all the latex?
$endgroup$
– Wiley
Jun 11 '16 at 0:12
$begingroup$
In the $t=y$ case, where $f$ achieves maximum, the 1st factor should be $2t^3−4t^2+4t$. I don't know how to put this nicely, but have you read /cross-checked other people's comments or answers before you spending time typing up all the latex?
$endgroup$
– Wiley
Jun 11 '16 at 0:12
$begingroup$
@Wiley Thank you. Fixed.
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 4:34
$begingroup$
@Wiley Thank you. Fixed.
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 4:34
$begingroup$
@SubhadeepDey Something did not like. Not elegant, I guess). Upvotes a short replica - there is no doubt.
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 12 '16 at 16:57
$begingroup$
@SubhadeepDey Something did not like. Not elegant, I guess). Upvotes a short replica - there is no doubt.
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 12 '16 at 16:57
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Here is a rather ugly proof (but with the side benefit to get the maximum analytically):
$z=0$, $x+y=2$; apply AM-GM:
$$(x+y)y^2x^3=2x^3y^2=6^3left(frac{x}{3}right)^3left(frac{y}{2}right)^2le6^3left(frac{x+y}{5}right)^5=left(frac{24}{25}right)^2left(frac{12}{5}right)<frac{9}{2}.$$
$z>0$, let $x=az,~y=bz$, constraint becomes $(a+b+1)z=2$. eliminate $z$:
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)=z^6(a+b)(b^2+1)(a^3+1)=frac{64(a+b)(a^3+1)(b^2+1)}{(a+b+1)^6}=:f(a,b).$$
To get $$max_{a,bge0}~f(a,b),$$ consider the following two cases:
- $s=a+bge1$, where the inequality is weak; apply AM-GM and $a,ble s,$
$$(a^3+1)(b^2+1)=3^32^2left(frac{a}{3}right)^3left(frac{b}{2}right)^2+a^3+b^2+1<3^32^2left(frac{s}{5}right)^5+s^3+s^2+1,$$ thus
$$f<frac{5s^6+128(s^4+s^3+s)}{2(s+1)^6}<frac{7}{2}<frac{9}{2},$$
as
$$frac{3^32^2}{5^5}<frac{5}{128}$$
and
$$7(s+1)^6-[5s^6+128(s^4+s^3+s)]\=2s^6+19s^5+12s^3+19s^2+7+s(s-1)(23s^3+86)>0.$$ - $s=a+b<1$, thus $a,b<1$ and given $s$,
$$(a^3+1)(b^2+1)=1+b^2+a^3+a^3b^2le1+b^2+a^2+2ab=1+s^2,$$
or
$$flefrac{64s(1+s^2)}{(1+s)^6}<4.4772<frac{9}{2},$$
where the maximum is achieved at $a=0$ and $b=sapprox0.223$, the only real root of the cubic equation $3t^3-3t^2+5t-1=0$. They are equivalent to $zapprox1.635$ (the real root of $3t^3-10t^2+12t-6=0$), $x=0$ and $y=2-zapprox0.365$.
- $s=a+bge1$, where the inequality is weak; apply AM-GM and $a,ble s,$
Post-mortem:
- Is there an elementary way to prove that the maximum of $64s(1+s^2)(1+s)^{-6}$ is less than $9/2$? I had to take the derivative and solve the resulting cubic equation numerically;
- By rescaling, the homogeneous version is
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)<frac{9}{2}left(frac{x+y+z}{2}right)^6,$$
for $x,y,zge0$ and the coefficient on RHS can be improved to ~$4.4772$ as above.
answered Jun 9 '16 at 6:28
WileyWiley
1,09459
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
The maximum of $64s(1+s^2)(1+s)^{-6}$ is a real root of a cubic polynom $3s^3-3s^2+5s-1,$ exact value see there: wolframalpha.com/input/?i=3s%5E3-3s%5E2%2B5s-1%3D0 Is this an elementary way?
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 10:44
$begingroup$
(-1) Not useful. The objective function is converted poorly, and the proof has been difficult and fragmented
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 17:29
$begingroup$
@YuriNegometyanov, you know for a moment, I thought you were talking about your own proof ;) OP mentioned that she is more interested in proofs using elementary methods rather than numerical ones, but apparently you have different interpretation of what OP said...
$endgroup$
– Wiley
Jun 11 '16 at 18:03
$begingroup$
@Wiley: very nice proof.
$endgroup$
– Andreas
Jun 12 '16 at 16:42
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Here is a rather ugly proof (but with the side benefit to get the maximum analytically):
$z=0$, $x+y=2$; apply AM-GM:
$$(x+y)y^2x^3=2x^3y^2=6^3left(frac{x}{3}right)^3left(frac{y}{2}right)^2le6^3left(frac{x+y}{5}right)^5=left(frac{24}{25}right)^2left(frac{12}{5}right)<frac{9}{2}.$$
$z>0$, let $x=az,~y=bz$, constraint becomes $(a+b+1)z=2$. eliminate $z$:
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)=z^6(a+b)(b^2+1)(a^3+1)=frac{64(a+b)(a^3+1)(b^2+1)}{(a+b+1)^6}=:f(a,b).$$
To get $$max_{a,bge0}~f(a,b),$$ consider the following two cases:
- $s=a+bge1$, where the inequality is weak; apply AM-GM and $a,ble s,$
$$(a^3+1)(b^2+1)=3^32^2left(frac{a}{3}right)^3left(frac{b}{2}right)^2+a^3+b^2+1<3^32^2left(frac{s}{5}right)^5+s^3+s^2+1,$$ thus
$$f<frac{5s^6+128(s^4+s^3+s)}{2(s+1)^6}<frac{7}{2}<frac{9}{2},$$
as
$$frac{3^32^2}{5^5}<frac{5}{128}$$
and
$$7(s+1)^6-[5s^6+128(s^4+s^3+s)]\=2s^6+19s^5+12s^3+19s^2+7+s(s-1)(23s^3+86)>0.$$ - $s=a+b<1$, thus $a,b<1$ and given $s$,
$$(a^3+1)(b^2+1)=1+b^2+a^3+a^3b^2le1+b^2+a^2+2ab=1+s^2,$$
or
$$flefrac{64s(1+s^2)}{(1+s)^6}<4.4772<frac{9}{2},$$
where the maximum is achieved at $a=0$ and $b=sapprox0.223$, the only real root of the cubic equation $3t^3-3t^2+5t-1=0$. They are equivalent to $zapprox1.635$ (the real root of $3t^3-10t^2+12t-6=0$), $x=0$ and $y=2-zapprox0.365$.
- $s=a+bge1$, where the inequality is weak; apply AM-GM and $a,ble s,$
Post-mortem:
- Is there an elementary way to prove that the maximum of $64s(1+s^2)(1+s)^{-6}$ is less than $9/2$? I had to take the derivative and solve the resulting cubic equation numerically;
- By rescaling, the homogeneous version is
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)<frac{9}{2}left(frac{x+y+z}{2}right)^6,$$
for $x,y,zge0$ and the coefficient on RHS can be improved to ~$4.4772$ as above.
answered Jun 9 '16 at 6:28
WileyWiley
1,09459
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
The maximum of $64s(1+s^2)(1+s)^{-6}$ is a real root of a cubic polynom $3s^3-3s^2+5s-1,$ exact value see there: wolframalpha.com/input/?i=3s%5E3-3s%5E2%2B5s-1%3D0 Is this an elementary way?
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 10:44
$begingroup$
(-1) Not useful. The objective function is converted poorly, and the proof has been difficult and fragmented
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 17:29
$begingroup$
@YuriNegometyanov, you know for a moment, I thought you were talking about your own proof ;) OP mentioned that she is more interested in proofs using elementary methods rather than numerical ones, but apparently you have different interpretation of what OP said...
$endgroup$
– Wiley
Jun 11 '16 at 18:03
$begingroup$
@Wiley: very nice proof.
$endgroup$
– Andreas
Jun 12 '16 at 16:42
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Here is a rather ugly proof (but with the side benefit to get the maximum analytically):
$z=0$, $x+y=2$; apply AM-GM:
$$(x+y)y^2x^3=2x^3y^2=6^3left(frac{x}{3}right)^3left(frac{y}{2}right)^2le6^3left(frac{x+y}{5}right)^5=left(frac{24}{25}right)^2left(frac{12}{5}right)<frac{9}{2}.$$
$z>0$, let $x=az,~y=bz$, constraint becomes $(a+b+1)z=2$. eliminate $z$:
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)=z^6(a+b)(b^2+1)(a^3+1)=frac{64(a+b)(a^3+1)(b^2+1)}{(a+b+1)^6}=:f(a,b).$$
To get $$max_{a,bge0}~f(a,b),$$ consider the following two cases:
- $s=a+bge1$, where the inequality is weak; apply AM-GM and $a,ble s,$
$$(a^3+1)(b^2+1)=3^32^2left(frac{a}{3}right)^3left(frac{b}{2}right)^2+a^3+b^2+1<3^32^2left(frac{s}{5}right)^5+s^3+s^2+1,$$ thus
$$f<frac{5s^6+128(s^4+s^3+s)}{2(s+1)^6}<frac{7}{2}<frac{9}{2},$$
as
$$frac{3^32^2}{5^5}<frac{5}{128}$$
and
$$7(s+1)^6-[5s^6+128(s^4+s^3+s)]\=2s^6+19s^5+12s^3+19s^2+7+s(s-1)(23s^3+86)>0.$$ - $s=a+b<1$, thus $a,b<1$ and given $s$,
$$(a^3+1)(b^2+1)=1+b^2+a^3+a^3b^2le1+b^2+a^2+2ab=1+s^2,$$
or
$$flefrac{64s(1+s^2)}{(1+s)^6}<4.4772<frac{9}{2},$$
where the maximum is achieved at $a=0$ and $b=sapprox0.223$, the only real root of the cubic equation $3t^3-3t^2+5t-1=0$. They are equivalent to $zapprox1.635$ (the real root of $3t^3-10t^2+12t-6=0$), $x=0$ and $y=2-zapprox0.365$.
- $s=a+bge1$, where the inequality is weak; apply AM-GM and $a,ble s,$
Post-mortem:
- Is there an elementary way to prove that the maximum of $64s(1+s^2)(1+s)^{-6}$ is less than $9/2$? I had to take the derivative and solve the resulting cubic equation numerically;
- By rescaling, the homogeneous version is
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)<frac{9}{2}left(frac{x+y+z}{2}right)^6,$$
for $x,y,zge0$ and the coefficient on RHS can be improved to ~$4.4772$ as above.
answered Jun 9 '16 at 6:28
WileyWiley
1,09459
$endgroup$
Here is a rather ugly proof (but with the side benefit to get the maximum analytically):
$z=0$, $x+y=2$; apply AM-GM:
$$(x+y)y^2x^3=2x^3y^2=6^3left(frac{x}{3}right)^3left(frac{y}{2}right)^2le6^3left(frac{x+y}{5}right)^5=left(frac{24}{25}right)^2left(frac{12}{5}right)<frac{9}{2}.$$
$z>0$, let $x=az,~y=bz$, constraint becomes $(a+b+1)z=2$. eliminate $z$:
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)=z^6(a+b)(b^2+1)(a^3+1)=frac{64(a+b)(a^3+1)(b^2+1)}{(a+b+1)^6}=:f(a,b).$$
To get $$max_{a,bge0}~f(a,b),$$ consider the following two cases:
- $s=a+bge1$, where the inequality is weak; apply AM-GM and $a,ble s,$
$$(a^3+1)(b^2+1)=3^32^2left(frac{a}{3}right)^3left(frac{b}{2}right)^2+a^3+b^2+1<3^32^2left(frac{s}{5}right)^5+s^3+s^2+1,$$ thus
$$f<frac{5s^6+128(s^4+s^3+s)}{2(s+1)^6}<frac{7}{2}<frac{9}{2},$$
as
$$frac{3^32^2}{5^5}<frac{5}{128}$$
and
$$7(s+1)^6-[5s^6+128(s^4+s^3+s)]\=2s^6+19s^5+12s^3+19s^2+7+s(s-1)(23s^3+86)>0.$$ - $s=a+b<1$, thus $a,b<1$ and given $s$,
$$(a^3+1)(b^2+1)=1+b^2+a^3+a^3b^2le1+b^2+a^2+2ab=1+s^2,$$
or
$$flefrac{64s(1+s^2)}{(1+s)^6}<4.4772<frac{9}{2},$$
where the maximum is achieved at $a=0$ and $b=sapprox0.223$, the only real root of the cubic equation $3t^3-3t^2+5t-1=0$. They are equivalent to $zapprox1.635$ (the real root of $3t^3-10t^2+12t-6=0$), $x=0$ and $y=2-zapprox0.365$.
- $s=a+bge1$, where the inequality is weak; apply AM-GM and $a,ble s,$
Post-mortem:
- Is there an elementary way to prove that the maximum of $64s(1+s^2)(1+s)^{-6}$ is less than $9/2$? I had to take the derivative and solve the resulting cubic equation numerically;
- By rescaling, the homogeneous version is
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)<frac{9}{2}left(frac{x+y+z}{2}right)^6,$$
for $x,y,zge0$ and the coefficient on RHS can be improved to ~$4.4772$ as above.
answered Jun 9 '16 at 6:28
WileyWiley
1,09459
edited Jun 9 '16 at 13:54
answered Jun 9 '16 at 6:28
WileyWiley
1,09459
answered Jun 9 '16 at 6:28
WileyWiley
1,09459
answered Jun 9 '16 at 6:28
WileyWiley
1,09459
1,09459
$begingroup$
The maximum of $64s(1+s^2)(1+s)^{-6}$ is a real root of a cubic polynom $3s^3-3s^2+5s-1,$ exact value see there: wolframalpha.com/input/?i=3s%5E3-3s%5E2%2B5s-1%3D0 Is this an elementary way?
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 10:44
$begingroup$
(-1) Not useful. The objective function is converted poorly, and the proof has been difficult and fragmented
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 17:29
$begingroup$
@YuriNegometyanov, you know for a moment, I thought you were talking about your own proof ;) OP mentioned that she is more interested in proofs using elementary methods rather than numerical ones, but apparently you have different interpretation of what OP said...
$endgroup$
– Wiley
Jun 11 '16 at 18:03
$begingroup$
@Wiley: very nice proof.
$endgroup$
– Andreas
Jun 12 '16 at 16:42
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The maximum of $64s(1+s^2)(1+s)^{-6}$ is a real root of a cubic polynom $3s^3-3s^2+5s-1,$ exact value see there: wolframalpha.com/input/?i=3s%5E3-3s%5E2%2B5s-1%3D0 Is this an elementary way?
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 10:44
$begingroup$
(-1) Not useful. The objective function is converted poorly, and the proof has been difficult and fragmented
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 17:29
$begingroup$
@YuriNegometyanov, you know for a moment, I thought you were talking about your own proof ;) OP mentioned that she is more interested in proofs using elementary methods rather than numerical ones, but apparently you have different interpretation of what OP said...
$endgroup$
– Wiley
Jun 11 '16 at 18:03
$begingroup$
@Wiley: very nice proof.
$endgroup$
– Andreas
Jun 12 '16 at 16:42
$begingroup$
The maximum of $64s(1+s^2)(1+s)^{-6}$ is a real root of a cubic polynom $3s^3-3s^2+5s-1,$ exact value see there: wolframalpha.com/input/?i=3s%5E3-3s%5E2%2B5s-1%3D0 Is this an elementary way?
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 10:44
$begingroup$
The maximum of $64s(1+s^2)(1+s)^{-6}$ is a real root of a cubic polynom $3s^3-3s^2+5s-1,$ exact value see there: wolframalpha.com/input/?i=3s%5E3-3s%5E2%2B5s-1%3D0 Is this an elementary way?
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 10:44
$begingroup$
(-1) Not useful. The objective function is converted poorly, and the proof has been difficult and fragmented
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 17:29
$begingroup$
(-1) Not useful. The objective function is converted poorly, and the proof has been difficult and fragmented
$endgroup$
– Yuri Negometyanov
Jun 11 '16 at 17:29
$begingroup$
@YuriNegometyanov, you know for a moment, I thought you were talking about your own proof ;) OP mentioned that she is more interested in proofs using elementary methods rather than numerical ones, but apparently you have different interpretation of what OP said...
$endgroup$
– Wiley
Jun 11 '16 at 18:03
$begingroup$
@YuriNegometyanov, you know for a moment, I thought you were talking about your own proof ;) OP mentioned that she is more interested in proofs using elementary methods rather than numerical ones, but apparently you have different interpretation of what OP said...
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– Wiley
Jun 11 '16 at 18:03
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@Wiley: very nice proof.
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– Andreas
Jun 12 '16 at 16:42
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@Wiley: very nice proof.
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– Andreas
Jun 12 '16 at 16:42
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The proof comes by considering three cases.
Case 1: $z>1$, $y> 0.1$. We have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= (2-z)((2-x-z)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-y)^3) - frac92\
< (2-z)((2-z)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-0.1)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0, see this plot:
and in more detail here:
Case 2: $z>1$, $yleq 0.1$. We have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= (2-z)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-y)^3) - frac92\
< (2-z)((0.1)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0, see this plot:
Case 3:
$z leq 1$. Here, let $x = frac{r}{2} (1+q)$ and $y = frac{r}{2} (1-q)$. Hence, $x+y = r$ and $1 leq r leq 2$. Further, $-1leq q leq 1$ since $x geq 0$ and $y geq 0$. With this notation, we have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= r (frac{r^2}{4} (1-q)^2+(2-r)^2)((2-r)^3+frac{r^3}{8} (1+q)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0 in the given ($q,r$)-range, see this contourplot:
Note 1: since no upper limits have been made in rewriting the equation for case 3, it would have been possible to drop the condition $zleq 1$ and, giving the proof without case discussion, to draw the contourplot for the full range $0leq r leq 2$. However, the delicate case where the bound is very tight occurs in case 1 and is easier to see with the given description in case 1. In a contourplot for the full range $0leq r leq 2$, this delicate case can only be shown with magnification of the relevant area.
Note 2: The first two cases are in one parameter $z$ only, so showing the negativity over the given $z$-range will be easily possible, instead of plots, by analytic approximations.
Note 3: In the third case, the values are manifestly negative in the whole considered range. Hence, also here, showing negativity over the whole range will be easily possible, instead of plots, by coarse approximations.
This completes the proof.
answered Jun 7 '16 at 17:23
AndreasAndreas
8,4161137
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
But this is essentially a numerical proof, isn't it?
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– Yuriy S
Jun 7 '16 at 17:27
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@Yuriy: It is not a "numerical proof" in the sense that limits have been generated and the problem has been made one-dimensional in cases 1 and 2, and since the problem has been cast into a description with independent parameters r and q in case 3. As for optional further steps: please see my notes in the main text. The relevant analytic approximations can be done.
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– Andreas
Jun 7 '16 at 19:26
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Andreas, I've got your point after the first iteration of your comment, there is no need to constantly update it. Let the original poster deside if your answer is to their satisfaction, I've got nothing more to say on this. Thank you
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– Yuriy S
Jun 7 '16 at 19:28
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@Yuriy: agreed.
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– Andreas
Jun 7 '16 at 21:22
3
$begingroup$
Graphing is not proving.
$endgroup$
– Alex M.
Jun 10 '16 at 21:29
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
The proof comes by considering three cases.
Case 1: $z>1$, $y> 0.1$. We have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= (2-z)((2-x-z)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-y)^3) - frac92\
< (2-z)((2-z)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-0.1)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0, see this plot:
and in more detail here:
Case 2: $z>1$, $yleq 0.1$. We have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= (2-z)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-y)^3) - frac92\
< (2-z)((0.1)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0, see this plot:
Case 3:
$z leq 1$. Here, let $x = frac{r}{2} (1+q)$ and $y = frac{r}{2} (1-q)$. Hence, $x+y = r$ and $1 leq r leq 2$. Further, $-1leq q leq 1$ since $x geq 0$ and $y geq 0$. With this notation, we have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= r (frac{r^2}{4} (1-q)^2+(2-r)^2)((2-r)^3+frac{r^3}{8} (1+q)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0 in the given ($q,r$)-range, see this contourplot:
Note 1: since no upper limits have been made in rewriting the equation for case 3, it would have been possible to drop the condition $zleq 1$ and, giving the proof without case discussion, to draw the contourplot for the full range $0leq r leq 2$. However, the delicate case where the bound is very tight occurs in case 1 and is easier to see with the given description in case 1. In a contourplot for the full range $0leq r leq 2$, this delicate case can only be shown with magnification of the relevant area.
Note 2: The first two cases are in one parameter $z$ only, so showing the negativity over the given $z$-range will be easily possible, instead of plots, by analytic approximations.
Note 3: In the third case, the values are manifestly negative in the whole considered range. Hence, also here, showing negativity over the whole range will be easily possible, instead of plots, by coarse approximations.
This completes the proof.
answered Jun 7 '16 at 17:23
AndreasAndreas
8,4161137
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
But this is essentially a numerical proof, isn't it?
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Jun 7 '16 at 17:27
$begingroup$
@Yuriy: It is not a "numerical proof" in the sense that limits have been generated and the problem has been made one-dimensional in cases 1 and 2, and since the problem has been cast into a description with independent parameters r and q in case 3. As for optional further steps: please see my notes in the main text. The relevant analytic approximations can be done.
$endgroup$
– Andreas
Jun 7 '16 at 19:26
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Andreas, I've got your point after the first iteration of your comment, there is no need to constantly update it. Let the original poster deside if your answer is to their satisfaction, I've got nothing more to say on this. Thank you
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Jun 7 '16 at 19:28
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@Yuriy: agreed.
$endgroup$
– Andreas
Jun 7 '16 at 21:22
3
$begingroup$
Graphing is not proving.
$endgroup$
– Alex M.
Jun 10 '16 at 21:29
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
The proof comes by considering three cases.
Case 1: $z>1$, $y> 0.1$. We have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= (2-z)((2-x-z)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-y)^3) - frac92\
< (2-z)((2-z)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-0.1)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0, see this plot:
and in more detail here:
Case 2: $z>1$, $yleq 0.1$. We have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= (2-z)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-y)^3) - frac92\
< (2-z)((0.1)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0, see this plot:
Case 3:
$z leq 1$. Here, let $x = frac{r}{2} (1+q)$ and $y = frac{r}{2} (1-q)$. Hence, $x+y = r$ and $1 leq r leq 2$. Further, $-1leq q leq 1$ since $x geq 0$ and $y geq 0$. With this notation, we have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= r (frac{r^2}{4} (1-q)^2+(2-r)^2)((2-r)^3+frac{r^3}{8} (1+q)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0 in the given ($q,r$)-range, see this contourplot:
Note 1: since no upper limits have been made in rewriting the equation for case 3, it would have been possible to drop the condition $zleq 1$ and, giving the proof without case discussion, to draw the contourplot for the full range $0leq r leq 2$. However, the delicate case where the bound is very tight occurs in case 1 and is easier to see with the given description in case 1. In a contourplot for the full range $0leq r leq 2$, this delicate case can only be shown with magnification of the relevant area.
Note 2: The first two cases are in one parameter $z$ only, so showing the negativity over the given $z$-range will be easily possible, instead of plots, by analytic approximations.
Note 3: In the third case, the values are manifestly negative in the whole considered range. Hence, also here, showing negativity over the whole range will be easily possible, instead of plots, by coarse approximations.
This completes the proof.
answered Jun 7 '16 at 17:23
AndreasAndreas
8,4161137
$endgroup$
The proof comes by considering three cases.
Case 1: $z>1$, $y> 0.1$. We have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= (2-z)((2-x-z)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-y)^3) - frac92\
< (2-z)((2-z)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-0.1)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0, see this plot:
and in more detail here:
Case 2: $z>1$, $yleq 0.1$. We have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= (2-z)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z-y)^3) - frac92\
< (2-z)((0.1)^2+z^2)(z^3+(2-z)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0, see this plot:
Case 3:
$z leq 1$. Here, let $x = frac{r}{2} (1+q)$ and $y = frac{r}{2} (1-q)$. Hence, $x+y = r$ and $1 leq r leq 2$. Further, $-1leq q leq 1$ since $x geq 0$ and $y geq 0$. With this notation, we have
$$(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3) - frac92= r (frac{r^2}{4} (1-q)^2+(2-r)^2)((2-r)^3+frac{r^3}{8} (1+q)^3) - frac92$$
which is less than 0 in the given ($q,r$)-range, see this contourplot:
Note 1: since no upper limits have been made in rewriting the equation for case 3, it would have been possible to drop the condition $zleq 1$ and, giving the proof without case discussion, to draw the contourplot for the full range $0leq r leq 2$. However, the delicate case where the bound is very tight occurs in case 1 and is easier to see with the given description in case 1. In a contourplot for the full range $0leq r leq 2$, this delicate case can only be shown with magnification of the relevant area.
Note 2: The first two cases are in one parameter $z$ only, so showing the negativity over the given $z$-range will be easily possible, instead of plots, by analytic approximations.
Note 3: In the third case, the values are manifestly negative in the whole considered range. Hence, also here, showing negativity over the whole range will be easily possible, instead of plots, by coarse approximations.
This completes the proof.
answered Jun 7 '16 at 17:23
AndreasAndreas
8,4161137
edited Jun 7 '16 at 17:51
answered Jun 7 '16 at 17:23
AndreasAndreas
8,4161137
answered Jun 7 '16 at 17:23
AndreasAndreas
8,4161137
answered Jun 7 '16 at 17:23
AndreasAndreas
8,4161137
8,4161137
1
$begingroup$
But this is essentially a numerical proof, isn't it?
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Jun 7 '16 at 17:27
$begingroup$
@Yuriy: It is not a "numerical proof" in the sense that limits have been generated and the problem has been made one-dimensional in cases 1 and 2, and since the problem has been cast into a description with independent parameters r and q in case 3. As for optional further steps: please see my notes in the main text. The relevant analytic approximations can be done.
$endgroup$
– Andreas
Jun 7 '16 at 19:26
$begingroup$
Andreas, I've got your point after the first iteration of your comment, there is no need to constantly update it. Let the original poster deside if your answer is to their satisfaction, I've got nothing more to say on this. Thank you
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Jun 7 '16 at 19:28
$begingroup$
@Yuriy: agreed.
$endgroup$
– Andreas
Jun 7 '16 at 21:22
3
$begingroup$
Graphing is not proving.
$endgroup$
– Alex M.
Jun 10 '16 at 21:29
|
show 1 more comment
1
$begingroup$
But this is essentially a numerical proof, isn't it?
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Jun 7 '16 at 17:27
$begingroup$
@Yuriy: It is not a "numerical proof" in the sense that limits have been generated and the problem has been made one-dimensional in cases 1 and 2, and since the problem has been cast into a description with independent parameters r and q in case 3. As for optional further steps: please see my notes in the main text. The relevant analytic approximations can be done.
$endgroup$
– Andreas
Jun 7 '16 at 19:26
$begingroup$
Andreas, I've got your point after the first iteration of your comment, there is no need to constantly update it. Let the original poster deside if your answer is to their satisfaction, I've got nothing more to say on this. Thank you
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Jun 7 '16 at 19:28
$begingroup$
@Yuriy: agreed.
$endgroup$
– Andreas
Jun 7 '16 at 21:22
3
$begingroup$
Graphing is not proving.
$endgroup$
– Alex M.
Jun 10 '16 at 21:29
1
1
$begingroup$
But this is essentially a numerical proof, isn't it?
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Jun 7 '16 at 17:27
$begingroup$
But this is essentially a numerical proof, isn't it?
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Jun 7 '16 at 17:27
$begingroup$
@Yuriy: It is not a "numerical proof" in the sense that limits have been generated and the problem has been made one-dimensional in cases 1 and 2, and since the problem has been cast into a description with independent parameters r and q in case 3. As for optional further steps: please see my notes in the main text. The relevant analytic approximations can be done.
$endgroup$
– Andreas
Jun 7 '16 at 19:26
$begingroup$
@Yuriy: It is not a "numerical proof" in the sense that limits have been generated and the problem has been made one-dimensional in cases 1 and 2, and since the problem has been cast into a description with independent parameters r and q in case 3. As for optional further steps: please see my notes in the main text. The relevant analytic approximations can be done.
$endgroup$
– Andreas
Jun 7 '16 at 19:26
$begingroup$
Andreas, I've got your point after the first iteration of your comment, there is no need to constantly update it. Let the original poster deside if your answer is to their satisfaction, I've got nothing more to say on this. Thank you
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Jun 7 '16 at 19:28
$begingroup$
Andreas, I've got your point after the first iteration of your comment, there is no need to constantly update it. Let the original poster deside if your answer is to their satisfaction, I've got nothing more to say on this. Thank you
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Jun 7 '16 at 19:28
$begingroup$
@Yuriy: agreed.
$endgroup$
– Andreas
Jun 7 '16 at 21:22
$begingroup$
@Yuriy: agreed.
$endgroup$
– Andreas
Jun 7 '16 at 21:22
3
3
$begingroup$
Graphing is not proving.
$endgroup$
– Alex M.
Jun 10 '16 at 21:29
$begingroup$
Graphing is not proving.
$endgroup$
– Alex M.
Jun 10 '16 at 21:29
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
Let $f(x,y,z)=(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)$.
Assume that $y$ is largest of $x,y,z$. Then $$f(x,y,z)-f(x,z,y)=(y^2+z^2)(x + y) (x + z) (y - z) (x - y - z)le0$$and therefore we may assume $x$ or $z$ is largest of $x, y, z$.
If $x$ is largest, then
$$f(x,y,z)-f(z,y,x)=(z^3+x^3)(z-x)(xy+xz-y^2+yz)le0$$and therefore we may assume that $z$ is largest of $x,y,z$.
Now,$$f(0,x+y,z)-f(x,y,z)=(x+y)(((x+y)^2+z^2)z^3-(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3))\=x (x+y)(-x^2 y^2 - x^2 z^2 + x z^3 + 2 y z^3)ge0$$and we may assume that $x=0$.
Now it is just $y(y^2+(2-y)^2)(2-y)^3<frac{9}{2}$, or$$2 y^6 - 16 y^5 + 52 y^4 - 88 y^3 + 80 y^2 - 32 y + 4.5>0$$which is true for all nonnegative $y$.
answered Jan 29 at 16:42
didgognsdidgogns
3,153523
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let $f(x,y,z)=(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)$.
Assume that $y$ is largest of $x,y,z$. Then $$f(x,y,z)-f(x,z,y)=(y^2+z^2)(x + y) (x + z) (y - z) (x - y - z)le0$$and therefore we may assume $x$ or $z$ is largest of $x, y, z$.
If $x$ is largest, then
$$f(x,y,z)-f(z,y,x)=(z^3+x^3)(z-x)(xy+xz-y^2+yz)le0$$and therefore we may assume that $z$ is largest of $x,y,z$.
Now,$$f(0,x+y,z)-f(x,y,z)=(x+y)(((x+y)^2+z^2)z^3-(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3))\=x (x+y)(-x^2 y^2 - x^2 z^2 + x z^3 + 2 y z^3)ge0$$and we may assume that $x=0$.
Now it is just $y(y^2+(2-y)^2)(2-y)^3<frac{9}{2}$, or$$2 y^6 - 16 y^5 + 52 y^4 - 88 y^3 + 80 y^2 - 32 y + 4.5>0$$which is true for all nonnegative $y$.
answered Jan 29 at 16:42
didgognsdidgogns
3,153523
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let $f(x,y,z)=(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)$.
Assume that $y$ is largest of $x,y,z$. Then $$f(x,y,z)-f(x,z,y)=(y^2+z^2)(x + y) (x + z) (y - z) (x - y - z)le0$$and therefore we may assume $x$ or $z$ is largest of $x, y, z$.
If $x$ is largest, then
$$f(x,y,z)-f(z,y,x)=(z^3+x^3)(z-x)(xy+xz-y^2+yz)le0$$and therefore we may assume that $z$ is largest of $x,y,z$.
Now,$$f(0,x+y,z)-f(x,y,z)=(x+y)(((x+y)^2+z^2)z^3-(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3))\=x (x+y)(-x^2 y^2 - x^2 z^2 + x z^3 + 2 y z^3)ge0$$and we may assume that $x=0$.
Now it is just $y(y^2+(2-y)^2)(2-y)^3<frac{9}{2}$, or$$2 y^6 - 16 y^5 + 52 y^4 - 88 y^3 + 80 y^2 - 32 y + 4.5>0$$which is true for all nonnegative $y$.
answered Jan 29 at 16:42
didgognsdidgogns
3,153523
$endgroup$
Let $f(x,y,z)=(x+y)(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3)$.
Assume that $y$ is largest of $x,y,z$. Then $$f(x,y,z)-f(x,z,y)=(y^2+z^2)(x + y) (x + z) (y - z) (x - y - z)le0$$and therefore we may assume $x$ or $z$ is largest of $x, y, z$.
If $x$ is largest, then
$$f(x,y,z)-f(z,y,x)=(z^3+x^3)(z-x)(xy+xz-y^2+yz)le0$$and therefore we may assume that $z$ is largest of $x,y,z$.
Now,$$f(0,x+y,z)-f(x,y,z)=(x+y)(((x+y)^2+z^2)z^3-(y^2+z^2)(z^3+x^3))\=x (x+y)(-x^2 y^2 - x^2 z^2 + x z^3 + 2 y z^3)ge0$$and we may assume that $x=0$.
Now it is just $y(y^2+(2-y)^2)(2-y)^3<frac{9}{2}$, or$$2 y^6 - 16 y^5 + 52 y^4 - 88 y^3 + 80 y^2 - 32 y + 4.5>0$$which is true for all nonnegative $y$.
answered Jan 29 at 16:42
didgognsdidgogns
3,153523
answered Jan 29 at 16:42
didgognsdidgogns
3,153523
answered Jan 29 at 16:42
didgognsdidgogns
3,153523
answered Jan 29 at 16:42
didgognsdidgogns
3,153523
3,153523
add a comment |
add a comment |
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1
$begingroup$
I'm not sure if this helps, since I'm not very familiar with inequalities, but if you write $x=2cos^2 theta cos^2alpha,y=2cos^2thetasin^2alpha,z=2sin^2alpha,theta,alphain[0, pi/2]$, you can at least calculate the derivative w.r.t. $theta,alpha$ without the constraint $x+y+z=2$. But they are just very complicated.
$endgroup$
– Yongyong
May 29 '16 at 21:06
$begingroup$
Have you tried applying AM-GM to the LHS written as $$ (x+y)(x+z)(y^2+z^2)(z^2-x z+x^2)$$ ? That boils down to optimizing a quadratic polynomial over a triangle, that is a pretty easy problem, but I don't know if it gives the upper bound $frac{9}{2}$ or something weaker. Maybe you already tried that.
$endgroup$
– Jack D'Aurizio
May 30 '16 at 0:54
1
$begingroup$
I did try something similar to that, but not yet success. Let me try your hints again. Thank you
$endgroup$
– HN_NH
May 30 '16 at 0:55
$begingroup$
It is a tremendous help. Can you post your work here ?
$endgroup$
– HN_NH
May 30 '16 at 14:09
1
$begingroup$
@HN_NH Sorry, I think I made a mistake... So I can't deduce that $x=0$, but in fact, if $x=0$, the inequality can be deduced by using AM-GM. So I think the result should be somehow right. And due to the numerical simulation, the maximas lie in the hyperplane $x=0$, so I will try to prove this.
$endgroup$
– Yongyong
May 30 '16 at 14:31