Maximize a bivariate function under constraints by Lagrange multipliers












0












$begingroup$


I have been given a function $f(x,y)= x^2 + y^2$ whose maximum and minimum values have been sought (if existent) under the constraint that $3x^2 + 4xy +16y^2=140$.



This looks pretty much to be a problem, wherein the technique of Lagrange Multipliers can be exploited. So, I generate the Lagrangian and set the partial derivatives to 0; which gives the following set of equations:-



(i) $$2(1+3λ)x + 4λy = 0$$
(ii) $$4λx + 2(1+16λ)y = 0$$
(iii) The constraint itself; $$3x^2 + 4xy +16y^2=140$$.



But, solving this system is proving to be quite quite tedious.



Solving (i) and (ii); I retrieve $44λ^2+19λ+1=0$ whose solutions are not much-elegant (I know it's subjective!)



I then proceed to write $x$ in terms of $λ$ and $y$ from (i) and thereafter, substitute a value of $λ$ from above, getting $y$in terms of $x$.



Now, I substitute the above value of $y$ into (iii) which generates an equation in $x$; pending which the value of $x$ can be ascertained. Thereafter; the value of $y$ can be ascertained, too. And, then the substitution of these $x$ and $y$ into the parent equation of $f(x,y)= x^2 + y^2$ to get the desired result.



Now, I have to repeat the above two steps for the other value of $λ$, which just adds to the complexity.



So, my questions are:-



1) Does there exist any more efficient method for solving the system? I need to do this stuff at exam-hall where average time is around 8 mins and i assume that there might be a compulsion to use Lagrange Multipliers.



2) Can this sum be done in a more easy manner than using the concept of Lagrange multipliers; which may be employed in absence of the above compulsion?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$

















    0












    $begingroup$


    I have been given a function $f(x,y)= x^2 + y^2$ whose maximum and minimum values have been sought (if existent) under the constraint that $3x^2 + 4xy +16y^2=140$.



    This looks pretty much to be a problem, wherein the technique of Lagrange Multipliers can be exploited. So, I generate the Lagrangian and set the partial derivatives to 0; which gives the following set of equations:-



    (i) $$2(1+3λ)x + 4λy = 0$$
    (ii) $$4λx + 2(1+16λ)y = 0$$
    (iii) The constraint itself; $$3x^2 + 4xy +16y^2=140$$.



    But, solving this system is proving to be quite quite tedious.



    Solving (i) and (ii); I retrieve $44λ^2+19λ+1=0$ whose solutions are not much-elegant (I know it's subjective!)



    I then proceed to write $x$ in terms of $λ$ and $y$ from (i) and thereafter, substitute a value of $λ$ from above, getting $y$in terms of $x$.



    Now, I substitute the above value of $y$ into (iii) which generates an equation in $x$; pending which the value of $x$ can be ascertained. Thereafter; the value of $y$ can be ascertained, too. And, then the substitution of these $x$ and $y$ into the parent equation of $f(x,y)= x^2 + y^2$ to get the desired result.



    Now, I have to repeat the above two steps for the other value of $λ$, which just adds to the complexity.



    So, my questions are:-



    1) Does there exist any more efficient method for solving the system? I need to do this stuff at exam-hall where average time is around 8 mins and i assume that there might be a compulsion to use Lagrange Multipliers.



    2) Can this sum be done in a more easy manner than using the concept of Lagrange multipliers; which may be employed in absence of the above compulsion?










    share|cite|improve this question











    $endgroup$















      0












      0








      0


      2



      $begingroup$


      I have been given a function $f(x,y)= x^2 + y^2$ whose maximum and minimum values have been sought (if existent) under the constraint that $3x^2 + 4xy +16y^2=140$.



      This looks pretty much to be a problem, wherein the technique of Lagrange Multipliers can be exploited. So, I generate the Lagrangian and set the partial derivatives to 0; which gives the following set of equations:-



      (i) $$2(1+3λ)x + 4λy = 0$$
      (ii) $$4λx + 2(1+16λ)y = 0$$
      (iii) The constraint itself; $$3x^2 + 4xy +16y^2=140$$.



      But, solving this system is proving to be quite quite tedious.



      Solving (i) and (ii); I retrieve $44λ^2+19λ+1=0$ whose solutions are not much-elegant (I know it's subjective!)



      I then proceed to write $x$ in terms of $λ$ and $y$ from (i) and thereafter, substitute a value of $λ$ from above, getting $y$in terms of $x$.



      Now, I substitute the above value of $y$ into (iii) which generates an equation in $x$; pending which the value of $x$ can be ascertained. Thereafter; the value of $y$ can be ascertained, too. And, then the substitution of these $x$ and $y$ into the parent equation of $f(x,y)= x^2 + y^2$ to get the desired result.



      Now, I have to repeat the above two steps for the other value of $λ$, which just adds to the complexity.



      So, my questions are:-



      1) Does there exist any more efficient method for solving the system? I need to do this stuff at exam-hall where average time is around 8 mins and i assume that there might be a compulsion to use Lagrange Multipliers.



      2) Can this sum be done in a more easy manner than using the concept of Lagrange multipliers; which may be employed in absence of the above compulsion?










      share|cite|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      I have been given a function $f(x,y)= x^2 + y^2$ whose maximum and minimum values have been sought (if existent) under the constraint that $3x^2 + 4xy +16y^2=140$.



      This looks pretty much to be a problem, wherein the technique of Lagrange Multipliers can be exploited. So, I generate the Lagrangian and set the partial derivatives to 0; which gives the following set of equations:-



      (i) $$2(1+3λ)x + 4λy = 0$$
      (ii) $$4λx + 2(1+16λ)y = 0$$
      (iii) The constraint itself; $$3x^2 + 4xy +16y^2=140$$.



      But, solving this system is proving to be quite quite tedious.



      Solving (i) and (ii); I retrieve $44λ^2+19λ+1=0$ whose solutions are not much-elegant (I know it's subjective!)



      I then proceed to write $x$ in terms of $λ$ and $y$ from (i) and thereafter, substitute a value of $λ$ from above, getting $y$in terms of $x$.



      Now, I substitute the above value of $y$ into (iii) which generates an equation in $x$; pending which the value of $x$ can be ascertained. Thereafter; the value of $y$ can be ascertained, too. And, then the substitution of these $x$ and $y$ into the parent equation of $f(x,y)= x^2 + y^2$ to get the desired result.



      Now, I have to repeat the above two steps for the other value of $λ$, which just adds to the complexity.



      So, my questions are:-



      1) Does there exist any more efficient method for solving the system? I need to do this stuff at exam-hall where average time is around 8 mins and i assume that there might be a compulsion to use Lagrange Multipliers.



      2) Can this sum be done in a more easy manner than using the concept of Lagrange multipliers; which may be employed in absence of the above compulsion?







      multivariable-calculus lagrange-multiplier maxima-minima






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      edited Jan 12 at 14:11







      Winged Blades of Godric

















      asked Jan 12 at 13:50









      Winged Blades of GodricWinged Blades of Godric

      665




      665






















          3 Answers
          3






          active

          oldest

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          1












          $begingroup$

          Here's one way: Substitute $x=rcos theta$ and $y=rsintheta$. Then, the constraint becomes
          $$
          3cos^2theta +4sinthetacostheta +16sin^2theta = frac{140}{r^2}.
          $$
          Using the double angle formula and $sin^2 theta+cos^2 theta= 1$, this is equivalent to
          $$
          2sin2theta -frac{13}{2}cos2theta = frac{140}{r^2}-frac{19}{2}.
          $$
          The LHS takes values in $[-sqrt{2^2+(frac{13}{2})^2},sqrt{2^2+(frac{13}{2})^2}]$ so the minimum and maximum of $r^2$ can be obtained by solving
          $$
          frac{140}{r^2}-frac{19}{2}=pmfrac{sqrt{185}}{2}.
          $$
          This gives $$
          r^2=frac{35(19pmsqrt{185})}{22}.
          $$






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            This's an excellent solution :-) Many thanks!
            $endgroup$
            – Winged Blades of Godric
            Jan 12 at 14:56










          • $begingroup$
            I hope this will help :)
            $endgroup$
            – Song
            Jan 12 at 15:17



















          1












          $begingroup$

          If you examine the geometry of this particular problem, you might find that using a Lagrange multiplier is entirely unnecessary. The objective function is the square of the distance from the origin and the constraint is a conic of some sort, so what you are being asked to do is to find the square of the maximum and minimum distances of the conic from the origin. These are just the squares of the semiaxis lengths, which are the reciprocals of the eigenvalues of the associated matrix: $$frac1{140}begin{bmatrix}3&2\2&16end{bmatrix}.$$ The problem therefore reduces to solving the characteristic equation $lambda^2-19lambda+44=0$.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$





















            0












            $begingroup$

            Solution without Lagrange multipliers. Let $x^2+y^2=k$.



            Thus, the equation $$x^2+y^2=frac{k(3x^2+4xy+16y^2)}{140}$$ or
            $$(3k-140)x^2+4kxy+(16k-140)y^2=0$$ has solutions, which for $kneqfrac{140}{3}$ gives
            $$4k^2-(3k-140)(16k-140)geq0$$ or
            $$frac{665-35sqrt{185}}{22}leq kleq frac{665+35sqrt{185}}{22}.$$
            We see that $$frac{665-35sqrt{185}}{22}leq frac{140}{3}leq frac{665+35sqrt{185}}{22}$$ and since the equality occurs for $$x=-frac{2ky}{3k-140},$$ we got the maximalk value and the minimal value.






            share|cite|improve this answer









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              3 Answers
              3






              active

              oldest

              votes








              3 Answers
              3






              active

              oldest

              votes









              active

              oldest

              votes






              active

              oldest

              votes









              1












              $begingroup$

              Here's one way: Substitute $x=rcos theta$ and $y=rsintheta$. Then, the constraint becomes
              $$
              3cos^2theta +4sinthetacostheta +16sin^2theta = frac{140}{r^2}.
              $$
              Using the double angle formula and $sin^2 theta+cos^2 theta= 1$, this is equivalent to
              $$
              2sin2theta -frac{13}{2}cos2theta = frac{140}{r^2}-frac{19}{2}.
              $$
              The LHS takes values in $[-sqrt{2^2+(frac{13}{2})^2},sqrt{2^2+(frac{13}{2})^2}]$ so the minimum and maximum of $r^2$ can be obtained by solving
              $$
              frac{140}{r^2}-frac{19}{2}=pmfrac{sqrt{185}}{2}.
              $$
              This gives $$
              r^2=frac{35(19pmsqrt{185})}{22}.
              $$






              share|cite|improve this answer











              $endgroup$













              • $begingroup$
                This's an excellent solution :-) Many thanks!
                $endgroup$
                – Winged Blades of Godric
                Jan 12 at 14:56










              • $begingroup$
                I hope this will help :)
                $endgroup$
                – Song
                Jan 12 at 15:17
















              1












              $begingroup$

              Here's one way: Substitute $x=rcos theta$ and $y=rsintheta$. Then, the constraint becomes
              $$
              3cos^2theta +4sinthetacostheta +16sin^2theta = frac{140}{r^2}.
              $$
              Using the double angle formula and $sin^2 theta+cos^2 theta= 1$, this is equivalent to
              $$
              2sin2theta -frac{13}{2}cos2theta = frac{140}{r^2}-frac{19}{2}.
              $$
              The LHS takes values in $[-sqrt{2^2+(frac{13}{2})^2},sqrt{2^2+(frac{13}{2})^2}]$ so the minimum and maximum of $r^2$ can be obtained by solving
              $$
              frac{140}{r^2}-frac{19}{2}=pmfrac{sqrt{185}}{2}.
              $$
              This gives $$
              r^2=frac{35(19pmsqrt{185})}{22}.
              $$






              share|cite|improve this answer











              $endgroup$













              • $begingroup$
                This's an excellent solution :-) Many thanks!
                $endgroup$
                – Winged Blades of Godric
                Jan 12 at 14:56










              • $begingroup$
                I hope this will help :)
                $endgroup$
                – Song
                Jan 12 at 15:17














              1












              1








              1





              $begingroup$

              Here's one way: Substitute $x=rcos theta$ and $y=rsintheta$. Then, the constraint becomes
              $$
              3cos^2theta +4sinthetacostheta +16sin^2theta = frac{140}{r^2}.
              $$
              Using the double angle formula and $sin^2 theta+cos^2 theta= 1$, this is equivalent to
              $$
              2sin2theta -frac{13}{2}cos2theta = frac{140}{r^2}-frac{19}{2}.
              $$
              The LHS takes values in $[-sqrt{2^2+(frac{13}{2})^2},sqrt{2^2+(frac{13}{2})^2}]$ so the minimum and maximum of $r^2$ can be obtained by solving
              $$
              frac{140}{r^2}-frac{19}{2}=pmfrac{sqrt{185}}{2}.
              $$
              This gives $$
              r^2=frac{35(19pmsqrt{185})}{22}.
              $$






              share|cite|improve this answer











              $endgroup$



              Here's one way: Substitute $x=rcos theta$ and $y=rsintheta$. Then, the constraint becomes
              $$
              3cos^2theta +4sinthetacostheta +16sin^2theta = frac{140}{r^2}.
              $$
              Using the double angle formula and $sin^2 theta+cos^2 theta= 1$, this is equivalent to
              $$
              2sin2theta -frac{13}{2}cos2theta = frac{140}{r^2}-frac{19}{2}.
              $$
              The LHS takes values in $[-sqrt{2^2+(frac{13}{2})^2},sqrt{2^2+(frac{13}{2})^2}]$ so the minimum and maximum of $r^2$ can be obtained by solving
              $$
              frac{140}{r^2}-frac{19}{2}=pmfrac{sqrt{185}}{2}.
              $$
              This gives $$
              r^2=frac{35(19pmsqrt{185})}{22}.
              $$







              share|cite|improve this answer














              share|cite|improve this answer



              share|cite|improve this answer








              edited Jan 13 at 2:07

























              answered Jan 12 at 13:58









              SongSong

              12.4k630




              12.4k630












              • $begingroup$
                This's an excellent solution :-) Many thanks!
                $endgroup$
                – Winged Blades of Godric
                Jan 12 at 14:56










              • $begingroup$
                I hope this will help :)
                $endgroup$
                – Song
                Jan 12 at 15:17


















              • $begingroup$
                This's an excellent solution :-) Many thanks!
                $endgroup$
                – Winged Blades of Godric
                Jan 12 at 14:56










              • $begingroup$
                I hope this will help :)
                $endgroup$
                – Song
                Jan 12 at 15:17
















              $begingroup$
              This's an excellent solution :-) Many thanks!
              $endgroup$
              – Winged Blades of Godric
              Jan 12 at 14:56




              $begingroup$
              This's an excellent solution :-) Many thanks!
              $endgroup$
              – Winged Blades of Godric
              Jan 12 at 14:56












              $begingroup$
              I hope this will help :)
              $endgroup$
              – Song
              Jan 12 at 15:17




              $begingroup$
              I hope this will help :)
              $endgroup$
              – Song
              Jan 12 at 15:17











              1












              $begingroup$

              If you examine the geometry of this particular problem, you might find that using a Lagrange multiplier is entirely unnecessary. The objective function is the square of the distance from the origin and the constraint is a conic of some sort, so what you are being asked to do is to find the square of the maximum and minimum distances of the conic from the origin. These are just the squares of the semiaxis lengths, which are the reciprocals of the eigenvalues of the associated matrix: $$frac1{140}begin{bmatrix}3&2\2&16end{bmatrix}.$$ The problem therefore reduces to solving the characteristic equation $lambda^2-19lambda+44=0$.






              share|cite|improve this answer









              $endgroup$


















                1












                $begingroup$

                If you examine the geometry of this particular problem, you might find that using a Lagrange multiplier is entirely unnecessary. The objective function is the square of the distance from the origin and the constraint is a conic of some sort, so what you are being asked to do is to find the square of the maximum and minimum distances of the conic from the origin. These are just the squares of the semiaxis lengths, which are the reciprocals of the eigenvalues of the associated matrix: $$frac1{140}begin{bmatrix}3&2\2&16end{bmatrix}.$$ The problem therefore reduces to solving the characteristic equation $lambda^2-19lambda+44=0$.






                share|cite|improve this answer









                $endgroup$
















                  1












                  1








                  1





                  $begingroup$

                  If you examine the geometry of this particular problem, you might find that using a Lagrange multiplier is entirely unnecessary. The objective function is the square of the distance from the origin and the constraint is a conic of some sort, so what you are being asked to do is to find the square of the maximum and minimum distances of the conic from the origin. These are just the squares of the semiaxis lengths, which are the reciprocals of the eigenvalues of the associated matrix: $$frac1{140}begin{bmatrix}3&2\2&16end{bmatrix}.$$ The problem therefore reduces to solving the characteristic equation $lambda^2-19lambda+44=0$.






                  share|cite|improve this answer









                  $endgroup$



                  If you examine the geometry of this particular problem, you might find that using a Lagrange multiplier is entirely unnecessary. The objective function is the square of the distance from the origin and the constraint is a conic of some sort, so what you are being asked to do is to find the square of the maximum and minimum distances of the conic from the origin. These are just the squares of the semiaxis lengths, which are the reciprocals of the eigenvalues of the associated matrix: $$frac1{140}begin{bmatrix}3&2\2&16end{bmatrix}.$$ The problem therefore reduces to solving the characteristic equation $lambda^2-19lambda+44=0$.







                  share|cite|improve this answer












                  share|cite|improve this answer



                  share|cite|improve this answer










                  answered Jan 12 at 21:59









                  amdamd

                  30k21050




                  30k21050























                      0












                      $begingroup$

                      Solution without Lagrange multipliers. Let $x^2+y^2=k$.



                      Thus, the equation $$x^2+y^2=frac{k(3x^2+4xy+16y^2)}{140}$$ or
                      $$(3k-140)x^2+4kxy+(16k-140)y^2=0$$ has solutions, which for $kneqfrac{140}{3}$ gives
                      $$4k^2-(3k-140)(16k-140)geq0$$ or
                      $$frac{665-35sqrt{185}}{22}leq kleq frac{665+35sqrt{185}}{22}.$$
                      We see that $$frac{665-35sqrt{185}}{22}leq frac{140}{3}leq frac{665+35sqrt{185}}{22}$$ and since the equality occurs for $$x=-frac{2ky}{3k-140},$$ we got the maximalk value and the minimal value.






                      share|cite|improve this answer









                      $endgroup$


















                        0












                        $begingroup$

                        Solution without Lagrange multipliers. Let $x^2+y^2=k$.



                        Thus, the equation $$x^2+y^2=frac{k(3x^2+4xy+16y^2)}{140}$$ or
                        $$(3k-140)x^2+4kxy+(16k-140)y^2=0$$ has solutions, which for $kneqfrac{140}{3}$ gives
                        $$4k^2-(3k-140)(16k-140)geq0$$ or
                        $$frac{665-35sqrt{185}}{22}leq kleq frac{665+35sqrt{185}}{22}.$$
                        We see that $$frac{665-35sqrt{185}}{22}leq frac{140}{3}leq frac{665+35sqrt{185}}{22}$$ and since the equality occurs for $$x=-frac{2ky}{3k-140},$$ we got the maximalk value and the minimal value.






                        share|cite|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$
















                          0












                          0








                          0





                          $begingroup$

                          Solution without Lagrange multipliers. Let $x^2+y^2=k$.



                          Thus, the equation $$x^2+y^2=frac{k(3x^2+4xy+16y^2)}{140}$$ or
                          $$(3k-140)x^2+4kxy+(16k-140)y^2=0$$ has solutions, which for $kneqfrac{140}{3}$ gives
                          $$4k^2-(3k-140)(16k-140)geq0$$ or
                          $$frac{665-35sqrt{185}}{22}leq kleq frac{665+35sqrt{185}}{22}.$$
                          We see that $$frac{665-35sqrt{185}}{22}leq frac{140}{3}leq frac{665+35sqrt{185}}{22}$$ and since the equality occurs for $$x=-frac{2ky}{3k-140},$$ we got the maximalk value and the minimal value.






                          share|cite|improve this answer









                          $endgroup$



                          Solution without Lagrange multipliers. Let $x^2+y^2=k$.



                          Thus, the equation $$x^2+y^2=frac{k(3x^2+4xy+16y^2)}{140}$$ or
                          $$(3k-140)x^2+4kxy+(16k-140)y^2=0$$ has solutions, which for $kneqfrac{140}{3}$ gives
                          $$4k^2-(3k-140)(16k-140)geq0$$ or
                          $$frac{665-35sqrt{185}}{22}leq kleq frac{665+35sqrt{185}}{22}.$$
                          We see that $$frac{665-35sqrt{185}}{22}leq frac{140}{3}leq frac{665+35sqrt{185}}{22}$$ and since the equality occurs for $$x=-frac{2ky}{3k-140},$$ we got the maximalk value and the minimal value.







                          share|cite|improve this answer












                          share|cite|improve this answer



                          share|cite|improve this answer










                          answered Jan 12 at 14:31









                          Michael RozenbergMichael Rozenberg

                          103k1891195




                          103k1891195






























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