Taylor series on manifolds












1












$begingroup$


Any analytic function $f: mathbb{R}tomathbb{R}$ can be written as the Taylor series:



$$f(x) = sum_{i=0}^inftyfrac{f^{(i)}(0)}{i!}x^i$$



I want to generalize this on manifolds.



However, if $f:Mto mathbb{R}$ is an analytic function, the derivatives at $p in M$ are



$$T_pf:TM to Tmathbb{R}$$
$$TT_pf:TTMto TTmathbb{R}$$
$$dots$$
, so serieses like the following are meaningless:



$$f(p)+frac{T_pf}{1}X+frac{T^2_pf}{2}X^2+dots$$



Is there a generalization of Taylor's series to manifolds?










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Is there a good reason you don't just want to do this in charts?
    $endgroup$
    – user98602
    Jan 27 at 18:56










  • $begingroup$
    @MikeMiller I like coordinate-free expressions.
    $endgroup$
    – satoukibi
    Jan 28 at 14:22










  • $begingroup$
    I do too, but since you have to center at a point (and even for analytic functions on $Bbb R$, the Taylor series does not necessarily converge globally), it is hard for me to inagine this as anything but an essentially local theorem.
    $endgroup$
    – user98602
    Jan 28 at 14:29










  • $begingroup$
    I get it, it's an essentially local theorem.
    $endgroup$
    – satoukibi
    Jan 28 at 14:56
















1












$begingroup$


Any analytic function $f: mathbb{R}tomathbb{R}$ can be written as the Taylor series:



$$f(x) = sum_{i=0}^inftyfrac{f^{(i)}(0)}{i!}x^i$$



I want to generalize this on manifolds.



However, if $f:Mto mathbb{R}$ is an analytic function, the derivatives at $p in M$ are



$$T_pf:TM to Tmathbb{R}$$
$$TT_pf:TTMto TTmathbb{R}$$
$$dots$$
, so serieses like the following are meaningless:



$$f(p)+frac{T_pf}{1}X+frac{T^2_pf}{2}X^2+dots$$



Is there a generalization of Taylor's series to manifolds?










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Is there a good reason you don't just want to do this in charts?
    $endgroup$
    – user98602
    Jan 27 at 18:56










  • $begingroup$
    @MikeMiller I like coordinate-free expressions.
    $endgroup$
    – satoukibi
    Jan 28 at 14:22










  • $begingroup$
    I do too, but since you have to center at a point (and even for analytic functions on $Bbb R$, the Taylor series does not necessarily converge globally), it is hard for me to inagine this as anything but an essentially local theorem.
    $endgroup$
    – user98602
    Jan 28 at 14:29










  • $begingroup$
    I get it, it's an essentially local theorem.
    $endgroup$
    – satoukibi
    Jan 28 at 14:56














1












1








1





$begingroup$


Any analytic function $f: mathbb{R}tomathbb{R}$ can be written as the Taylor series:



$$f(x) = sum_{i=0}^inftyfrac{f^{(i)}(0)}{i!}x^i$$



I want to generalize this on manifolds.



However, if $f:Mto mathbb{R}$ is an analytic function, the derivatives at $p in M$ are



$$T_pf:TM to Tmathbb{R}$$
$$TT_pf:TTMto TTmathbb{R}$$
$$dots$$
, so serieses like the following are meaningless:



$$f(p)+frac{T_pf}{1}X+frac{T^2_pf}{2}X^2+dots$$



Is there a generalization of Taylor's series to manifolds?










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$




Any analytic function $f: mathbb{R}tomathbb{R}$ can be written as the Taylor series:



$$f(x) = sum_{i=0}^inftyfrac{f^{(i)}(0)}{i!}x^i$$



I want to generalize this on manifolds.



However, if $f:Mto mathbb{R}$ is an analytic function, the derivatives at $p in M$ are



$$T_pf:TM to Tmathbb{R}$$
$$TT_pf:TTMto TTmathbb{R}$$
$$dots$$
, so serieses like the following are meaningless:



$$f(p)+frac{T_pf}{1}X+frac{T^2_pf}{2}X^2+dots$$



Is there a generalization of Taylor's series to manifolds?







calculus geometry manifolds taylor-expansion






share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question











share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question










asked Jan 27 at 17:20









satoukibisatoukibi

16718




16718












  • $begingroup$
    Is there a good reason you don't just want to do this in charts?
    $endgroup$
    – user98602
    Jan 27 at 18:56










  • $begingroup$
    @MikeMiller I like coordinate-free expressions.
    $endgroup$
    – satoukibi
    Jan 28 at 14:22










  • $begingroup$
    I do too, but since you have to center at a point (and even for analytic functions on $Bbb R$, the Taylor series does not necessarily converge globally), it is hard for me to inagine this as anything but an essentially local theorem.
    $endgroup$
    – user98602
    Jan 28 at 14:29










  • $begingroup$
    I get it, it's an essentially local theorem.
    $endgroup$
    – satoukibi
    Jan 28 at 14:56


















  • $begingroup$
    Is there a good reason you don't just want to do this in charts?
    $endgroup$
    – user98602
    Jan 27 at 18:56










  • $begingroup$
    @MikeMiller I like coordinate-free expressions.
    $endgroup$
    – satoukibi
    Jan 28 at 14:22










  • $begingroup$
    I do too, but since you have to center at a point (and even for analytic functions on $Bbb R$, the Taylor series does not necessarily converge globally), it is hard for me to inagine this as anything but an essentially local theorem.
    $endgroup$
    – user98602
    Jan 28 at 14:29










  • $begingroup$
    I get it, it's an essentially local theorem.
    $endgroup$
    – satoukibi
    Jan 28 at 14:56
















$begingroup$
Is there a good reason you don't just want to do this in charts?
$endgroup$
– user98602
Jan 27 at 18:56




$begingroup$
Is there a good reason you don't just want to do this in charts?
$endgroup$
– user98602
Jan 27 at 18:56












$begingroup$
@MikeMiller I like coordinate-free expressions.
$endgroup$
– satoukibi
Jan 28 at 14:22




$begingroup$
@MikeMiller I like coordinate-free expressions.
$endgroup$
– satoukibi
Jan 28 at 14:22












$begingroup$
I do too, but since you have to center at a point (and even for analytic functions on $Bbb R$, the Taylor series does not necessarily converge globally), it is hard for me to inagine this as anything but an essentially local theorem.
$endgroup$
– user98602
Jan 28 at 14:29




$begingroup$
I do too, but since you have to center at a point (and even for analytic functions on $Bbb R$, the Taylor series does not necessarily converge globally), it is hard for me to inagine this as anything but an essentially local theorem.
$endgroup$
– user98602
Jan 28 at 14:29












$begingroup$
I get it, it's an essentially local theorem.
$endgroup$
– satoukibi
Jan 28 at 14:56




$begingroup$
I get it, it's an essentially local theorem.
$endgroup$
– satoukibi
Jan 28 at 14:56










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