Induction of $sum^n_{k=2} 1 - 1/k^2 =(1+n)/(2n)$












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Can someone help me with this induction please?



$$sum^n_{k=2} 1 - 1/k^2 ={1+nover 2n}.$$










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 6




    $begingroup$
    What have you tried so far?
    $endgroup$
    – Jack Pfaffinger
    Jan 18 at 18:39






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    The left hand side is greater than $n-2$ and the right hand side is $frac12+frac1{2n}$ which is less than $1$ for $ngt1$. This cannot hold for many large $n$.
    $endgroup$
    – robjohn
    Jan 18 at 18:44










  • $begingroup$
    I have proved the base case for P(2). Using the hint of N. S. But i'm stack here i have replaced $sum_{i=2}^n (1 - frac{1}{k^2})$ with $frac{1 + n}{2n}$ and now i have : $frac{1 + 2}{2n} + 1 - frac{1 }{(n+1)^2}$ and i have $frac{(1+n)^3 + 2n(n+1)^2 -2n}{2n(n+1)^2} $
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan B
    Jan 18 at 19:16










  • $begingroup$
    Check the PS to my answer....
    $endgroup$
    – N. S.
    Jan 18 at 23:43










  • $begingroup$
    When n=3 the LHS is 59/36 and the RHS is 2/3, so your statement is false
    $endgroup$
    – jjagmath
    Jan 19 at 3:48
















0












$begingroup$


Can someone help me with this induction please?



$$sum^n_{k=2} 1 - 1/k^2 ={1+nover 2n}.$$










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 6




    $begingroup$
    What have you tried so far?
    $endgroup$
    – Jack Pfaffinger
    Jan 18 at 18:39






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    The left hand side is greater than $n-2$ and the right hand side is $frac12+frac1{2n}$ which is less than $1$ for $ngt1$. This cannot hold for many large $n$.
    $endgroup$
    – robjohn
    Jan 18 at 18:44










  • $begingroup$
    I have proved the base case for P(2). Using the hint of N. S. But i'm stack here i have replaced $sum_{i=2}^n (1 - frac{1}{k^2})$ with $frac{1 + n}{2n}$ and now i have : $frac{1 + 2}{2n} + 1 - frac{1 }{(n+1)^2}$ and i have $frac{(1+n)^3 + 2n(n+1)^2 -2n}{2n(n+1)^2} $
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan B
    Jan 18 at 19:16










  • $begingroup$
    Check the PS to my answer....
    $endgroup$
    – N. S.
    Jan 18 at 23:43










  • $begingroup$
    When n=3 the LHS is 59/36 and the RHS is 2/3, so your statement is false
    $endgroup$
    – jjagmath
    Jan 19 at 3:48














0












0








0





$begingroup$


Can someone help me with this induction please?



$$sum^n_{k=2} 1 - 1/k^2 ={1+nover 2n}.$$










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




Can someone help me with this induction please?



$$sum^n_{k=2} 1 - 1/k^2 ={1+nover 2n}.$$







sequences-and-series induction






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share|cite|improve this question













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share|cite|improve this question








edited Jan 18 at 18:38









peter a g

3,1601614




3,1601614










asked Jan 18 at 18:35









Stefan BStefan B

32




32








  • 6




    $begingroup$
    What have you tried so far?
    $endgroup$
    – Jack Pfaffinger
    Jan 18 at 18:39






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    The left hand side is greater than $n-2$ and the right hand side is $frac12+frac1{2n}$ which is less than $1$ for $ngt1$. This cannot hold for many large $n$.
    $endgroup$
    – robjohn
    Jan 18 at 18:44










  • $begingroup$
    I have proved the base case for P(2). Using the hint of N. S. But i'm stack here i have replaced $sum_{i=2}^n (1 - frac{1}{k^2})$ with $frac{1 + n}{2n}$ and now i have : $frac{1 + 2}{2n} + 1 - frac{1 }{(n+1)^2}$ and i have $frac{(1+n)^3 + 2n(n+1)^2 -2n}{2n(n+1)^2} $
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan B
    Jan 18 at 19:16










  • $begingroup$
    Check the PS to my answer....
    $endgroup$
    – N. S.
    Jan 18 at 23:43










  • $begingroup$
    When n=3 the LHS is 59/36 and the RHS is 2/3, so your statement is false
    $endgroup$
    – jjagmath
    Jan 19 at 3:48














  • 6




    $begingroup$
    What have you tried so far?
    $endgroup$
    – Jack Pfaffinger
    Jan 18 at 18:39






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    The left hand side is greater than $n-2$ and the right hand side is $frac12+frac1{2n}$ which is less than $1$ for $ngt1$. This cannot hold for many large $n$.
    $endgroup$
    – robjohn
    Jan 18 at 18:44










  • $begingroup$
    I have proved the base case for P(2). Using the hint of N. S. But i'm stack here i have replaced $sum_{i=2}^n (1 - frac{1}{k^2})$ with $frac{1 + n}{2n}$ and now i have : $frac{1 + 2}{2n} + 1 - frac{1 }{(n+1)^2}$ and i have $frac{(1+n)^3 + 2n(n+1)^2 -2n}{2n(n+1)^2} $
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan B
    Jan 18 at 19:16










  • $begingroup$
    Check the PS to my answer....
    $endgroup$
    – N. S.
    Jan 18 at 23:43










  • $begingroup$
    When n=3 the LHS is 59/36 and the RHS is 2/3, so your statement is false
    $endgroup$
    – jjagmath
    Jan 19 at 3:48








6




6




$begingroup$
What have you tried so far?
$endgroup$
– Jack Pfaffinger
Jan 18 at 18:39




$begingroup$
What have you tried so far?
$endgroup$
– Jack Pfaffinger
Jan 18 at 18:39




1




1




$begingroup$
The left hand side is greater than $n-2$ and the right hand side is $frac12+frac1{2n}$ which is less than $1$ for $ngt1$. This cannot hold for many large $n$.
$endgroup$
– robjohn
Jan 18 at 18:44




$begingroup$
The left hand side is greater than $n-2$ and the right hand side is $frac12+frac1{2n}$ which is less than $1$ for $ngt1$. This cannot hold for many large $n$.
$endgroup$
– robjohn
Jan 18 at 18:44












$begingroup$
I have proved the base case for P(2). Using the hint of N. S. But i'm stack here i have replaced $sum_{i=2}^n (1 - frac{1}{k^2})$ with $frac{1 + n}{2n}$ and now i have : $frac{1 + 2}{2n} + 1 - frac{1 }{(n+1)^2}$ and i have $frac{(1+n)^3 + 2n(n+1)^2 -2n}{2n(n+1)^2} $
$endgroup$
– Stefan B
Jan 18 at 19:16




$begingroup$
I have proved the base case for P(2). Using the hint of N. S. But i'm stack here i have replaced $sum_{i=2}^n (1 - frac{1}{k^2})$ with $frac{1 + n}{2n}$ and now i have : $frac{1 + 2}{2n} + 1 - frac{1 }{(n+1)^2}$ and i have $frac{(1+n)^3 + 2n(n+1)^2 -2n}{2n(n+1)^2} $
$endgroup$
– Stefan B
Jan 18 at 19:16












$begingroup$
Check the PS to my answer....
$endgroup$
– N. S.
Jan 18 at 23:43




$begingroup$
Check the PS to my answer....
$endgroup$
– N. S.
Jan 18 at 23:43












$begingroup$
When n=3 the LHS is 59/36 and the RHS is 2/3, so your statement is false
$endgroup$
– jjagmath
Jan 19 at 3:48




$begingroup$
When n=3 the LHS is 59/36 and the RHS is 2/3, so your statement is false
$endgroup$
– jjagmath
Jan 19 at 3:48










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















4












$begingroup$

Hint



$$sum^{n+1}_{k=2} 1 -frac{1}{k^2}=left(sum^{n}_{k=2} 1 -frac{1}{k^2} right) +1-frac{1}{(n+1)^2}$$



Once you fix your problem (note that the sequence on the LHS is increasing approximately ar the rate of $S_n sim n$, while the RHS is tending to a constant, you probably copied the problem wrong) just prove $P(2)$ and use the above formula to prove the inductive step.



P.S. Are you sure the exercise is NOT



$$prod^{n}_{k=2}( 1 -frac{1}{k^2})=frac{n+1}{2n}$$



if it is, note
$$prod^{n+1}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})=(1 -frac{1}{(n+1)^2})prod^{n}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})=(frac{n(n+2)}{(n+1)^2})prod^{n}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})
$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Thank you for the hint! I have proved the formula for P(2). Now i'm stack here i have replaced $sum_{i=2}^n (1 - frac{1}{k^2})$ with $frac{1 + n}{2n}$ and now i have : $frac{1 + 2}{2n} + 1 - frac{1 }{(n+1)^2}$ and i have $frac{(1+n)^3 + 2n(n+1)^2 -2n}{2n(n+1)^2} $
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan B
    Jan 18 at 19:11












  • $begingroup$
    @StefanB Again there is a mistake in the problem...The LHS is divergent, the RHS in your formula is convergent...Are you sure the formula is a sum, not a product? I think with product it is correct.
    $endgroup$
    – N. S.
    Jan 18 at 23:35










  • $begingroup$
    @N.S. I hope you don't mind: I corrected mathematical typos. See the revision history.
    $endgroup$
    – peter a g
    Jan 19 at 1:51












  • $begingroup$
    Thank you again yes I think that I have copied the problem wrong. With the product it makes sense. Thank you again
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan B
    Jan 19 at 10:56





















0












$begingroup$

Assuming that this is a summation and not a product, if you enjoy generalized harmonic numbers,
$$S_n=sum^n_{k=2}left( 1 - frac 1 {k^2} right)=n-H_n^{(2)}$$ For large values of $n$, this would give
$$S_n=-frac{pi ^2}{6}+n+frac{1}{n}-frac{1}{2
n^2}+Oleft(frac{1}{n^3}right)$$
which has little to do with $frac{n+1}{2n}$.



It must be the product as already said in comments and answers.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes








    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    4












    $begingroup$

    Hint



    $$sum^{n+1}_{k=2} 1 -frac{1}{k^2}=left(sum^{n}_{k=2} 1 -frac{1}{k^2} right) +1-frac{1}{(n+1)^2}$$



    Once you fix your problem (note that the sequence on the LHS is increasing approximately ar the rate of $S_n sim n$, while the RHS is tending to a constant, you probably copied the problem wrong) just prove $P(2)$ and use the above formula to prove the inductive step.



    P.S. Are you sure the exercise is NOT



    $$prod^{n}_{k=2}( 1 -frac{1}{k^2})=frac{n+1}{2n}$$



    if it is, note
    $$prod^{n+1}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})=(1 -frac{1}{(n+1)^2})prod^{n}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})=(frac{n(n+2)}{(n+1)^2})prod^{n}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})
    $$






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$













    • $begingroup$
      Thank you for the hint! I have proved the formula for P(2). Now i'm stack here i have replaced $sum_{i=2}^n (1 - frac{1}{k^2})$ with $frac{1 + n}{2n}$ and now i have : $frac{1 + 2}{2n} + 1 - frac{1 }{(n+1)^2}$ and i have $frac{(1+n)^3 + 2n(n+1)^2 -2n}{2n(n+1)^2} $
      $endgroup$
      – Stefan B
      Jan 18 at 19:11












    • $begingroup$
      @StefanB Again there is a mistake in the problem...The LHS is divergent, the RHS in your formula is convergent...Are you sure the formula is a sum, not a product? I think with product it is correct.
      $endgroup$
      – N. S.
      Jan 18 at 23:35










    • $begingroup$
      @N.S. I hope you don't mind: I corrected mathematical typos. See the revision history.
      $endgroup$
      – peter a g
      Jan 19 at 1:51












    • $begingroup$
      Thank you again yes I think that I have copied the problem wrong. With the product it makes sense. Thank you again
      $endgroup$
      – Stefan B
      Jan 19 at 10:56


















    4












    $begingroup$

    Hint



    $$sum^{n+1}_{k=2} 1 -frac{1}{k^2}=left(sum^{n}_{k=2} 1 -frac{1}{k^2} right) +1-frac{1}{(n+1)^2}$$



    Once you fix your problem (note that the sequence on the LHS is increasing approximately ar the rate of $S_n sim n$, while the RHS is tending to a constant, you probably copied the problem wrong) just prove $P(2)$ and use the above formula to prove the inductive step.



    P.S. Are you sure the exercise is NOT



    $$prod^{n}_{k=2}( 1 -frac{1}{k^2})=frac{n+1}{2n}$$



    if it is, note
    $$prod^{n+1}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})=(1 -frac{1}{(n+1)^2})prod^{n}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})=(frac{n(n+2)}{(n+1)^2})prod^{n}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})
    $$






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$













    • $begingroup$
      Thank you for the hint! I have proved the formula for P(2). Now i'm stack here i have replaced $sum_{i=2}^n (1 - frac{1}{k^2})$ with $frac{1 + n}{2n}$ and now i have : $frac{1 + 2}{2n} + 1 - frac{1 }{(n+1)^2}$ and i have $frac{(1+n)^3 + 2n(n+1)^2 -2n}{2n(n+1)^2} $
      $endgroup$
      – Stefan B
      Jan 18 at 19:11












    • $begingroup$
      @StefanB Again there is a mistake in the problem...The LHS is divergent, the RHS in your formula is convergent...Are you sure the formula is a sum, not a product? I think with product it is correct.
      $endgroup$
      – N. S.
      Jan 18 at 23:35










    • $begingroup$
      @N.S. I hope you don't mind: I corrected mathematical typos. See the revision history.
      $endgroup$
      – peter a g
      Jan 19 at 1:51












    • $begingroup$
      Thank you again yes I think that I have copied the problem wrong. With the product it makes sense. Thank you again
      $endgroup$
      – Stefan B
      Jan 19 at 10:56
















    4












    4








    4





    $begingroup$

    Hint



    $$sum^{n+1}_{k=2} 1 -frac{1}{k^2}=left(sum^{n}_{k=2} 1 -frac{1}{k^2} right) +1-frac{1}{(n+1)^2}$$



    Once you fix your problem (note that the sequence on the LHS is increasing approximately ar the rate of $S_n sim n$, while the RHS is tending to a constant, you probably copied the problem wrong) just prove $P(2)$ and use the above formula to prove the inductive step.



    P.S. Are you sure the exercise is NOT



    $$prod^{n}_{k=2}( 1 -frac{1}{k^2})=frac{n+1}{2n}$$



    if it is, note
    $$prod^{n+1}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})=(1 -frac{1}{(n+1)^2})prod^{n}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})=(frac{n(n+2)}{(n+1)^2})prod^{n}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})
    $$






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$



    Hint



    $$sum^{n+1}_{k=2} 1 -frac{1}{k^2}=left(sum^{n}_{k=2} 1 -frac{1}{k^2} right) +1-frac{1}{(n+1)^2}$$



    Once you fix your problem (note that the sequence on the LHS is increasing approximately ar the rate of $S_n sim n$, while the RHS is tending to a constant, you probably copied the problem wrong) just prove $P(2)$ and use the above formula to prove the inductive step.



    P.S. Are you sure the exercise is NOT



    $$prod^{n}_{k=2}( 1 -frac{1}{k^2})=frac{n+1}{2n}$$



    if it is, note
    $$prod^{n+1}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})=(1 -frac{1}{(n+1)^2})prod^{n}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})=(frac{n(n+2)}{(n+1)^2})prod^{n}_{k=2} (1 -frac{1}{k^2})
    $$







    share|cite|improve this answer














    share|cite|improve this answer



    share|cite|improve this answer








    edited Jan 19 at 1:49









    peter a g

    3,1601614




    3,1601614










    answered Jan 18 at 18:41









    N. S.N. S.

    104k7114209




    104k7114209












    • $begingroup$
      Thank you for the hint! I have proved the formula for P(2). Now i'm stack here i have replaced $sum_{i=2}^n (1 - frac{1}{k^2})$ with $frac{1 + n}{2n}$ and now i have : $frac{1 + 2}{2n} + 1 - frac{1 }{(n+1)^2}$ and i have $frac{(1+n)^3 + 2n(n+1)^2 -2n}{2n(n+1)^2} $
      $endgroup$
      – Stefan B
      Jan 18 at 19:11












    • $begingroup$
      @StefanB Again there is a mistake in the problem...The LHS is divergent, the RHS in your formula is convergent...Are you sure the formula is a sum, not a product? I think with product it is correct.
      $endgroup$
      – N. S.
      Jan 18 at 23:35










    • $begingroup$
      @N.S. I hope you don't mind: I corrected mathematical typos. See the revision history.
      $endgroup$
      – peter a g
      Jan 19 at 1:51












    • $begingroup$
      Thank you again yes I think that I have copied the problem wrong. With the product it makes sense. Thank you again
      $endgroup$
      – Stefan B
      Jan 19 at 10:56




















    • $begingroup$
      Thank you for the hint! I have proved the formula for P(2). Now i'm stack here i have replaced $sum_{i=2}^n (1 - frac{1}{k^2})$ with $frac{1 + n}{2n}$ and now i have : $frac{1 + 2}{2n} + 1 - frac{1 }{(n+1)^2}$ and i have $frac{(1+n)^3 + 2n(n+1)^2 -2n}{2n(n+1)^2} $
      $endgroup$
      – Stefan B
      Jan 18 at 19:11












    • $begingroup$
      @StefanB Again there is a mistake in the problem...The LHS is divergent, the RHS in your formula is convergent...Are you sure the formula is a sum, not a product? I think with product it is correct.
      $endgroup$
      – N. S.
      Jan 18 at 23:35










    • $begingroup$
      @N.S. I hope you don't mind: I corrected mathematical typos. See the revision history.
      $endgroup$
      – peter a g
      Jan 19 at 1:51












    • $begingroup$
      Thank you again yes I think that I have copied the problem wrong. With the product it makes sense. Thank you again
      $endgroup$
      – Stefan B
      Jan 19 at 10:56


















    $begingroup$
    Thank you for the hint! I have proved the formula for P(2). Now i'm stack here i have replaced $sum_{i=2}^n (1 - frac{1}{k^2})$ with $frac{1 + n}{2n}$ and now i have : $frac{1 + 2}{2n} + 1 - frac{1 }{(n+1)^2}$ and i have $frac{(1+n)^3 + 2n(n+1)^2 -2n}{2n(n+1)^2} $
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan B
    Jan 18 at 19:11






    $begingroup$
    Thank you for the hint! I have proved the formula for P(2). Now i'm stack here i have replaced $sum_{i=2}^n (1 - frac{1}{k^2})$ with $frac{1 + n}{2n}$ and now i have : $frac{1 + 2}{2n} + 1 - frac{1 }{(n+1)^2}$ and i have $frac{(1+n)^3 + 2n(n+1)^2 -2n}{2n(n+1)^2} $
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan B
    Jan 18 at 19:11














    $begingroup$
    @StefanB Again there is a mistake in the problem...The LHS is divergent, the RHS in your formula is convergent...Are you sure the formula is a sum, not a product? I think with product it is correct.
    $endgroup$
    – N. S.
    Jan 18 at 23:35




    $begingroup$
    @StefanB Again there is a mistake in the problem...The LHS is divergent, the RHS in your formula is convergent...Are you sure the formula is a sum, not a product? I think with product it is correct.
    $endgroup$
    – N. S.
    Jan 18 at 23:35












    $begingroup$
    @N.S. I hope you don't mind: I corrected mathematical typos. See the revision history.
    $endgroup$
    – peter a g
    Jan 19 at 1:51






    $begingroup$
    @N.S. I hope you don't mind: I corrected mathematical typos. See the revision history.
    $endgroup$
    – peter a g
    Jan 19 at 1:51














    $begingroup$
    Thank you again yes I think that I have copied the problem wrong. With the product it makes sense. Thank you again
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan B
    Jan 19 at 10:56






    $begingroup$
    Thank you again yes I think that I have copied the problem wrong. With the product it makes sense. Thank you again
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan B
    Jan 19 at 10:56













    0












    $begingroup$

    Assuming that this is a summation and not a product, if you enjoy generalized harmonic numbers,
    $$S_n=sum^n_{k=2}left( 1 - frac 1 {k^2} right)=n-H_n^{(2)}$$ For large values of $n$, this would give
    $$S_n=-frac{pi ^2}{6}+n+frac{1}{n}-frac{1}{2
    n^2}+Oleft(frac{1}{n^3}right)$$
    which has little to do with $frac{n+1}{2n}$.



    It must be the product as already said in comments and answers.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$


















      0












      $begingroup$

      Assuming that this is a summation and not a product, if you enjoy generalized harmonic numbers,
      $$S_n=sum^n_{k=2}left( 1 - frac 1 {k^2} right)=n-H_n^{(2)}$$ For large values of $n$, this would give
      $$S_n=-frac{pi ^2}{6}+n+frac{1}{n}-frac{1}{2
      n^2}+Oleft(frac{1}{n^3}right)$$
      which has little to do with $frac{n+1}{2n}$.



      It must be the product as already said in comments and answers.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$
















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        $begingroup$

        Assuming that this is a summation and not a product, if you enjoy generalized harmonic numbers,
        $$S_n=sum^n_{k=2}left( 1 - frac 1 {k^2} right)=n-H_n^{(2)}$$ For large values of $n$, this would give
        $$S_n=-frac{pi ^2}{6}+n+frac{1}{n}-frac{1}{2
        n^2}+Oleft(frac{1}{n^3}right)$$
        which has little to do with $frac{n+1}{2n}$.



        It must be the product as already said in comments and answers.






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$



        Assuming that this is a summation and not a product, if you enjoy generalized harmonic numbers,
        $$S_n=sum^n_{k=2}left( 1 - frac 1 {k^2} right)=n-H_n^{(2)}$$ For large values of $n$, this would give
        $$S_n=-frac{pi ^2}{6}+n+frac{1}{n}-frac{1}{2
        n^2}+Oleft(frac{1}{n^3}right)$$
        which has little to do with $frac{n+1}{2n}$.



        It must be the product as already said in comments and answers.







        share|cite|improve this answer












        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer










        answered Jan 19 at 6:54









        Claude LeiboviciClaude Leibovici

        123k1157134




        123k1157134






























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