Number of functions with certain property












0












$begingroup$


Let $f : {1,2,3}rightarrow{1,2,3}$ be a function. Then the number of functions $g : {1,2,3}rightarrow {1,2,3}$ such that $f(x) = g(x)$ for at least one $x$ belonging to ${1,2,3}$ is what?



My reasoning was that total number of functions $f$ will be $3^3$ and for each of these functions I can have $g$ take exactly the same values as $f$ does so the answer would be $27$ but this answer is not correct, can someone please provide the solution.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$

















    0












    $begingroup$


    Let $f : {1,2,3}rightarrow{1,2,3}$ be a function. Then the number of functions $g : {1,2,3}rightarrow {1,2,3}$ such that $f(x) = g(x)$ for at least one $x$ belonging to ${1,2,3}$ is what?



    My reasoning was that total number of functions $f$ will be $3^3$ and for each of these functions I can have $g$ take exactly the same values as $f$ does so the answer would be $27$ but this answer is not correct, can someone please provide the solution.










    share|cite|improve this question











    $endgroup$















      0












      0








      0





      $begingroup$


      Let $f : {1,2,3}rightarrow{1,2,3}$ be a function. Then the number of functions $g : {1,2,3}rightarrow {1,2,3}$ such that $f(x) = g(x)$ for at least one $x$ belonging to ${1,2,3}$ is what?



      My reasoning was that total number of functions $f$ will be $3^3$ and for each of these functions I can have $g$ take exactly the same values as $f$ does so the answer would be $27$ but this answer is not correct, can someone please provide the solution.










      share|cite|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      Let $f : {1,2,3}rightarrow{1,2,3}$ be a function. Then the number of functions $g : {1,2,3}rightarrow {1,2,3}$ such that $f(x) = g(x)$ for at least one $x$ belonging to ${1,2,3}$ is what?



      My reasoning was that total number of functions $f$ will be $3^3$ and for each of these functions I can have $g$ take exactly the same values as $f$ does so the answer would be $27$ but this answer is not correct, can someone please provide the solution.







      combinatorics permutations






      share|cite|improve this question















      share|cite|improve this question













      share|cite|improve this question




      share|cite|improve this question








      edited Jan 25 at 10:58









      N. F. Taussig

      44.8k103358




      44.8k103358










      asked Jan 25 at 3:55









      user601297user601297

      39719




      39719






















          3 Answers
          3






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          2












          $begingroup$

          In general, the number of functions ${1,...,n} to {1,...,m}$ is $m^n$.



          Hence the number of functions in this case is $3^3$.



          Remember $f$ is one specific function.



          It is easier to count the number of $g$s that do not equal $f$ anywhere.



          In particular, the range of such a $g$ must have size $2$ not $3$, hence the number
          of such functions is $2^3$.



          Hence the number of the other $g$s, which is what you are looking for, is
          $3^3-2^3$.



          Elaboration: What I mean is that $g(k)$ takes the values ${1,2,3} setminus {f(k)}$, and for all $k$ we have $| {1,2,3} setminus {f(k)} | = 2$.






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            By size do you mean the number of values $g$ takes ???
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:11










          • $begingroup$
            @user601297: Yes, excuse my tired wording. The point is at any $x$, we remove the value $f(x)$ from $g$s range. We don't care about the particular value here, just how many remain, which is $2$ for each value of $x$.
            $endgroup$
            – copper.hat
            Jan 25 at 4:12












          • $begingroup$
            But the example that @Bram28 gave has $g$ take all 3 values.
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:20










          • $begingroup$
            In the example $g(1)$ must be one of $2,3$, $f(2)$ must be one of $1,3$ and $g(3)$ must be one of $1,2$. In all cases, the size of the range is $3-1=2$.
            $endgroup$
            – copper.hat
            Jan 25 at 4:23












          • $begingroup$
            Your answer is definitely correct, I’m just having a hard time understanding this, thanks anyways.
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:34



















          0












          $begingroup$

          It is more important to understand why your answer does not work.



          Let's say that $f(1)=1, f(2)=2$ and $f(3)=3$



          Then if you have $g(1)=2, g(2)=3$ and $f(3)=1$ (this is one of the $27$ possble functions for $g$), you have no $x$ such that $f(x)=g(x)$. So, not all $27$ possible functions for $g$ will have at least one 'match' with $f$.



          Do you see how you can correct for this?






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            I’m sorry but I still don’t get it, why can’t I just change one of the $g$ values to match with $f$?
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:03










          • $begingroup$
            @user601297 Yes, you can, but that would be a different $g$: one of the other $26$. So, for some of the $27$ possible $g$'s you get a match, but for others you do not.
            $endgroup$
            – Bram28
            Jan 25 at 4:04










          • $begingroup$
            I would really be grateful if you could provide me with the process to come to the right number, I will probably understand it better that way.
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:06



















          0












          $begingroup$

          Probably it is easier to count the number $a$ of functions $g$ such that $g(x)not=f(x)$ for all $xin{1,2,3}$ first. Then the set of functions you are looking has cardinality $b-a$ where $b$ denotes the number of all functions mapping ${1,2,3}$ Info itself.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













            Your Answer





            StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
            return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function () {
            StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix) {
            StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
            });
            });
            }, "mathjax-editing");

            StackExchange.ready(function() {
            var channelOptions = {
            tags: "".split(" "),
            id: "69"
            };
            initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

            StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
            // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
            if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
            StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
            createEditor();
            });
            }
            else {
            createEditor();
            }
            });

            function createEditor() {
            StackExchange.prepareEditor({
            heartbeatType: 'answer',
            autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
            convertImagesToLinks: true,
            noModals: true,
            showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
            reputationToPostImages: 10,
            bindNavPrevention: true,
            postfix: "",
            imageUploader: {
            brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
            contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
            allowUrls: true
            },
            noCode: true, onDemand: true,
            discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
            ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
            });


            }
            });














            draft saved

            draft discarded


















            StackExchange.ready(
            function () {
            StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3086681%2fnumber-of-functions-with-certain-property%23new-answer', 'question_page');
            }
            );

            Post as a guest















            Required, but never shown

























            3 Answers
            3






            active

            oldest

            votes








            3 Answers
            3






            active

            oldest

            votes









            active

            oldest

            votes






            active

            oldest

            votes









            2












            $begingroup$

            In general, the number of functions ${1,...,n} to {1,...,m}$ is $m^n$.



            Hence the number of functions in this case is $3^3$.



            Remember $f$ is one specific function.



            It is easier to count the number of $g$s that do not equal $f$ anywhere.



            In particular, the range of such a $g$ must have size $2$ not $3$, hence the number
            of such functions is $2^3$.



            Hence the number of the other $g$s, which is what you are looking for, is
            $3^3-2^3$.



            Elaboration: What I mean is that $g(k)$ takes the values ${1,2,3} setminus {f(k)}$, and for all $k$ we have $| {1,2,3} setminus {f(k)} | = 2$.






            share|cite|improve this answer











            $endgroup$













            • $begingroup$
              By size do you mean the number of values $g$ takes ???
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:11










            • $begingroup$
              @user601297: Yes, excuse my tired wording. The point is at any $x$, we remove the value $f(x)$ from $g$s range. We don't care about the particular value here, just how many remain, which is $2$ for each value of $x$.
              $endgroup$
              – copper.hat
              Jan 25 at 4:12












            • $begingroup$
              But the example that @Bram28 gave has $g$ take all 3 values.
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:20










            • $begingroup$
              In the example $g(1)$ must be one of $2,3$, $f(2)$ must be one of $1,3$ and $g(3)$ must be one of $1,2$. In all cases, the size of the range is $3-1=2$.
              $endgroup$
              – copper.hat
              Jan 25 at 4:23












            • $begingroup$
              Your answer is definitely correct, I’m just having a hard time understanding this, thanks anyways.
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:34
















            2












            $begingroup$

            In general, the number of functions ${1,...,n} to {1,...,m}$ is $m^n$.



            Hence the number of functions in this case is $3^3$.



            Remember $f$ is one specific function.



            It is easier to count the number of $g$s that do not equal $f$ anywhere.



            In particular, the range of such a $g$ must have size $2$ not $3$, hence the number
            of such functions is $2^3$.



            Hence the number of the other $g$s, which is what you are looking for, is
            $3^3-2^3$.



            Elaboration: What I mean is that $g(k)$ takes the values ${1,2,3} setminus {f(k)}$, and for all $k$ we have $| {1,2,3} setminus {f(k)} | = 2$.






            share|cite|improve this answer











            $endgroup$













            • $begingroup$
              By size do you mean the number of values $g$ takes ???
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:11










            • $begingroup$
              @user601297: Yes, excuse my tired wording. The point is at any $x$, we remove the value $f(x)$ from $g$s range. We don't care about the particular value here, just how many remain, which is $2$ for each value of $x$.
              $endgroup$
              – copper.hat
              Jan 25 at 4:12












            • $begingroup$
              But the example that @Bram28 gave has $g$ take all 3 values.
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:20










            • $begingroup$
              In the example $g(1)$ must be one of $2,3$, $f(2)$ must be one of $1,3$ and $g(3)$ must be one of $1,2$. In all cases, the size of the range is $3-1=2$.
              $endgroup$
              – copper.hat
              Jan 25 at 4:23












            • $begingroup$
              Your answer is definitely correct, I’m just having a hard time understanding this, thanks anyways.
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:34














            2












            2








            2





            $begingroup$

            In general, the number of functions ${1,...,n} to {1,...,m}$ is $m^n$.



            Hence the number of functions in this case is $3^3$.



            Remember $f$ is one specific function.



            It is easier to count the number of $g$s that do not equal $f$ anywhere.



            In particular, the range of such a $g$ must have size $2$ not $3$, hence the number
            of such functions is $2^3$.



            Hence the number of the other $g$s, which is what you are looking for, is
            $3^3-2^3$.



            Elaboration: What I mean is that $g(k)$ takes the values ${1,2,3} setminus {f(k)}$, and for all $k$ we have $| {1,2,3} setminus {f(k)} | = 2$.






            share|cite|improve this answer











            $endgroup$



            In general, the number of functions ${1,...,n} to {1,...,m}$ is $m^n$.



            Hence the number of functions in this case is $3^3$.



            Remember $f$ is one specific function.



            It is easier to count the number of $g$s that do not equal $f$ anywhere.



            In particular, the range of such a $g$ must have size $2$ not $3$, hence the number
            of such functions is $2^3$.



            Hence the number of the other $g$s, which is what you are looking for, is
            $3^3-2^3$.



            Elaboration: What I mean is that $g(k)$ takes the values ${1,2,3} setminus {f(k)}$, and for all $k$ we have $| {1,2,3} setminus {f(k)} | = 2$.







            share|cite|improve this answer














            share|cite|improve this answer



            share|cite|improve this answer








            edited Jan 25 at 4:25

























            answered Jan 25 at 4:06









            copper.hatcopper.hat

            127k559160




            127k559160












            • $begingroup$
              By size do you mean the number of values $g$ takes ???
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:11










            • $begingroup$
              @user601297: Yes, excuse my tired wording. The point is at any $x$, we remove the value $f(x)$ from $g$s range. We don't care about the particular value here, just how many remain, which is $2$ for each value of $x$.
              $endgroup$
              – copper.hat
              Jan 25 at 4:12












            • $begingroup$
              But the example that @Bram28 gave has $g$ take all 3 values.
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:20










            • $begingroup$
              In the example $g(1)$ must be one of $2,3$, $f(2)$ must be one of $1,3$ and $g(3)$ must be one of $1,2$. In all cases, the size of the range is $3-1=2$.
              $endgroup$
              – copper.hat
              Jan 25 at 4:23












            • $begingroup$
              Your answer is definitely correct, I’m just having a hard time understanding this, thanks anyways.
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:34


















            • $begingroup$
              By size do you mean the number of values $g$ takes ???
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:11










            • $begingroup$
              @user601297: Yes, excuse my tired wording. The point is at any $x$, we remove the value $f(x)$ from $g$s range. We don't care about the particular value here, just how many remain, which is $2$ for each value of $x$.
              $endgroup$
              – copper.hat
              Jan 25 at 4:12












            • $begingroup$
              But the example that @Bram28 gave has $g$ take all 3 values.
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:20










            • $begingroup$
              In the example $g(1)$ must be one of $2,3$, $f(2)$ must be one of $1,3$ and $g(3)$ must be one of $1,2$. In all cases, the size of the range is $3-1=2$.
              $endgroup$
              – copper.hat
              Jan 25 at 4:23












            • $begingroup$
              Your answer is definitely correct, I’m just having a hard time understanding this, thanks anyways.
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:34
















            $begingroup$
            By size do you mean the number of values $g$ takes ???
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:11




            $begingroup$
            By size do you mean the number of values $g$ takes ???
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:11












            $begingroup$
            @user601297: Yes, excuse my tired wording. The point is at any $x$, we remove the value $f(x)$ from $g$s range. We don't care about the particular value here, just how many remain, which is $2$ for each value of $x$.
            $endgroup$
            – copper.hat
            Jan 25 at 4:12






            $begingroup$
            @user601297: Yes, excuse my tired wording. The point is at any $x$, we remove the value $f(x)$ from $g$s range. We don't care about the particular value here, just how many remain, which is $2$ for each value of $x$.
            $endgroup$
            – copper.hat
            Jan 25 at 4:12














            $begingroup$
            But the example that @Bram28 gave has $g$ take all 3 values.
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:20




            $begingroup$
            But the example that @Bram28 gave has $g$ take all 3 values.
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:20












            $begingroup$
            In the example $g(1)$ must be one of $2,3$, $f(2)$ must be one of $1,3$ and $g(3)$ must be one of $1,2$. In all cases, the size of the range is $3-1=2$.
            $endgroup$
            – copper.hat
            Jan 25 at 4:23






            $begingroup$
            In the example $g(1)$ must be one of $2,3$, $f(2)$ must be one of $1,3$ and $g(3)$ must be one of $1,2$. In all cases, the size of the range is $3-1=2$.
            $endgroup$
            – copper.hat
            Jan 25 at 4:23














            $begingroup$
            Your answer is definitely correct, I’m just having a hard time understanding this, thanks anyways.
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:34




            $begingroup$
            Your answer is definitely correct, I’m just having a hard time understanding this, thanks anyways.
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:34











            0












            $begingroup$

            It is more important to understand why your answer does not work.



            Let's say that $f(1)=1, f(2)=2$ and $f(3)=3$



            Then if you have $g(1)=2, g(2)=3$ and $f(3)=1$ (this is one of the $27$ possble functions for $g$), you have no $x$ such that $f(x)=g(x)$. So, not all $27$ possible functions for $g$ will have at least one 'match' with $f$.



            Do you see how you can correct for this?






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$













            • $begingroup$
              I’m sorry but I still don’t get it, why can’t I just change one of the $g$ values to match with $f$?
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:03










            • $begingroup$
              @user601297 Yes, you can, but that would be a different $g$: one of the other $26$. So, for some of the $27$ possible $g$'s you get a match, but for others you do not.
              $endgroup$
              – Bram28
              Jan 25 at 4:04










            • $begingroup$
              I would really be grateful if you could provide me with the process to come to the right number, I will probably understand it better that way.
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:06
















            0












            $begingroup$

            It is more important to understand why your answer does not work.



            Let's say that $f(1)=1, f(2)=2$ and $f(3)=3$



            Then if you have $g(1)=2, g(2)=3$ and $f(3)=1$ (this is one of the $27$ possble functions for $g$), you have no $x$ such that $f(x)=g(x)$. So, not all $27$ possible functions for $g$ will have at least one 'match' with $f$.



            Do you see how you can correct for this?






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$













            • $begingroup$
              I’m sorry but I still don’t get it, why can’t I just change one of the $g$ values to match with $f$?
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:03










            • $begingroup$
              @user601297 Yes, you can, but that would be a different $g$: one of the other $26$. So, for some of the $27$ possible $g$'s you get a match, but for others you do not.
              $endgroup$
              – Bram28
              Jan 25 at 4:04










            • $begingroup$
              I would really be grateful if you could provide me with the process to come to the right number, I will probably understand it better that way.
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:06














            0












            0








            0





            $begingroup$

            It is more important to understand why your answer does not work.



            Let's say that $f(1)=1, f(2)=2$ and $f(3)=3$



            Then if you have $g(1)=2, g(2)=3$ and $f(3)=1$ (this is one of the $27$ possble functions for $g$), you have no $x$ such that $f(x)=g(x)$. So, not all $27$ possible functions for $g$ will have at least one 'match' with $f$.



            Do you see how you can correct for this?






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$



            It is more important to understand why your answer does not work.



            Let's say that $f(1)=1, f(2)=2$ and $f(3)=3$



            Then if you have $g(1)=2, g(2)=3$ and $f(3)=1$ (this is one of the $27$ possble functions for $g$), you have no $x$ such that $f(x)=g(x)$. So, not all $27$ possible functions for $g$ will have at least one 'match' with $f$.



            Do you see how you can correct for this?







            share|cite|improve this answer












            share|cite|improve this answer



            share|cite|improve this answer










            answered Jan 25 at 4:00









            Bram28Bram28

            63.8k44793




            63.8k44793












            • $begingroup$
              I’m sorry but I still don’t get it, why can’t I just change one of the $g$ values to match with $f$?
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:03










            • $begingroup$
              @user601297 Yes, you can, but that would be a different $g$: one of the other $26$. So, for some of the $27$ possible $g$'s you get a match, but for others you do not.
              $endgroup$
              – Bram28
              Jan 25 at 4:04










            • $begingroup$
              I would really be grateful if you could provide me with the process to come to the right number, I will probably understand it better that way.
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:06


















            • $begingroup$
              I’m sorry but I still don’t get it, why can’t I just change one of the $g$ values to match with $f$?
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:03










            • $begingroup$
              @user601297 Yes, you can, but that would be a different $g$: one of the other $26$. So, for some of the $27$ possible $g$'s you get a match, but for others you do not.
              $endgroup$
              – Bram28
              Jan 25 at 4:04










            • $begingroup$
              I would really be grateful if you could provide me with the process to come to the right number, I will probably understand it better that way.
              $endgroup$
              – user601297
              Jan 25 at 4:06
















            $begingroup$
            I’m sorry but I still don’t get it, why can’t I just change one of the $g$ values to match with $f$?
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:03




            $begingroup$
            I’m sorry but I still don’t get it, why can’t I just change one of the $g$ values to match with $f$?
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:03












            $begingroup$
            @user601297 Yes, you can, but that would be a different $g$: one of the other $26$. So, for some of the $27$ possible $g$'s you get a match, but for others you do not.
            $endgroup$
            – Bram28
            Jan 25 at 4:04




            $begingroup$
            @user601297 Yes, you can, but that would be a different $g$: one of the other $26$. So, for some of the $27$ possible $g$'s you get a match, but for others you do not.
            $endgroup$
            – Bram28
            Jan 25 at 4:04












            $begingroup$
            I would really be grateful if you could provide me with the process to come to the right number, I will probably understand it better that way.
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:06




            $begingroup$
            I would really be grateful if you could provide me with the process to come to the right number, I will probably understand it better that way.
            $endgroup$
            – user601297
            Jan 25 at 4:06











            0












            $begingroup$

            Probably it is easier to count the number $a$ of functions $g$ such that $g(x)not=f(x)$ for all $xin{1,2,3}$ first. Then the set of functions you are looking has cardinality $b-a$ where $b$ denotes the number of all functions mapping ${1,2,3}$ Info itself.






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$


















              0












              $begingroup$

              Probably it is easier to count the number $a$ of functions $g$ such that $g(x)not=f(x)$ for all $xin{1,2,3}$ first. Then the set of functions you are looking has cardinality $b-a$ where $b$ denotes the number of all functions mapping ${1,2,3}$ Info itself.






              share|cite|improve this answer









              $endgroup$
















                0












                0








                0





                $begingroup$

                Probably it is easier to count the number $a$ of functions $g$ such that $g(x)not=f(x)$ for all $xin{1,2,3}$ first. Then the set of functions you are looking has cardinality $b-a$ where $b$ denotes the number of all functions mapping ${1,2,3}$ Info itself.






                share|cite|improve this answer









                $endgroup$



                Probably it is easier to count the number $a$ of functions $g$ such that $g(x)not=f(x)$ for all $xin{1,2,3}$ first. Then the set of functions you are looking has cardinality $b-a$ where $b$ denotes the number of all functions mapping ${1,2,3}$ Info itself.







                share|cite|improve this answer












                share|cite|improve this answer



                share|cite|improve this answer










                answered Jan 25 at 4:10









                Jens SchwaigerJens Schwaiger

                1,629138




                1,629138






























                    draft saved

                    draft discarded




















































                    Thanks for contributing an answer to Mathematics Stack Exchange!


                    • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

                    But avoid



                    • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

                    • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


                    Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


                    To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




                    draft saved


                    draft discarded














                    StackExchange.ready(
                    function () {
                    StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3086681%2fnumber-of-functions-with-certain-property%23new-answer', 'question_page');
                    }
                    );

                    Post as a guest















                    Required, but never shown





















































                    Required, but never shown














                    Required, but never shown












                    Required, but never shown







                    Required, but never shown

































                    Required, but never shown














                    Required, but never shown












                    Required, but never shown







                    Required, but never shown







                    Popular posts from this blog

                    Can a sorcerer learn a 5th-level spell early by creating spell slots using the Font of Magic feature?

                    Does disintegrating a polymorphed enemy still kill it after the 2018 errata?

                    A Topological Invariant for $pi_3(U(n))$