犯土




犯土（つち、ぼんど）は選日の一つ。土、椎、槌（読みはいずれも「つち」）とも。


庚午（甲子から数えて7番目）から丙子（13番目）までの7日間を大犯土（おおづち、大土などとも）、戊寅（15番目）から甲申（21番目）までの7日間を小犯土（こづち、小土などとも）という。その間の丁丑（14番目）を間日（まび）、犯土間日（つちまび）、中犯土（なかづち）といい、この日は犯土には含まれない、あるいは、犯土には含まれても犯土の禁忌は存在しない。


犯土の期間には、土公神（どくじん）が本宮あるいは土中にいるため、土を犯してはならない。つまり、穴掘り、井戸掘り、種まき、土木工事、伐採など土いじりは一切慎むべきとされている。特に、地鎮祭等の建築儀礼には凶日とされる。これらの内容は土用と共通している。


犯土とは元来、これらの「土を犯す行為」、特に、現在の地鎮祭に相当する儀式を意味したが、後に、それを禁じる禁忌、その期間へと意味が変化した。



参考文献


  • 岡田芳朗・阿久根末忠 『現代こよみ読み解き事典』 柏書房、1993年。.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
    ISBN 4-7601-0951-X。



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