Fourier transform $mathcal F colon (mathcal S(mathbb R^d), lVert cdot rVert_1) to L^1(mathbb R^d)$ unbounded?












1












$begingroup$


I want to prove or disprove that the Fourier transform $mathcal F colon (mathcal S(mathbb R^d), lVert cdot rVert_1) to L^1(mathbb R^d)$ is unbounded, where $lVertcdot rVert_1$ denotes the $L^1(mathbb R^d)$-norm.



Having thought about this for a moment, I believe it is indeed unbounded. So I tried to find a sequence of Schwartz functions $(f_n)_{nin mathbb N} subseteq mathcal S(mathbb R^d)$ with $forall n: lVert f_n rVert_1 = 1$ and $$lVert mathcal F f_n rVert to +infty.$$
Of course I first thought about Gaussians but couldn't quite find a suitable sequence. Any help appreciated!










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  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Some uncertainty principle thing going on here...
    $endgroup$
    – copper.hat
    Jan 23 at 20:11
















1












$begingroup$


I want to prove or disprove that the Fourier transform $mathcal F colon (mathcal S(mathbb R^d), lVert cdot rVert_1) to L^1(mathbb R^d)$ is unbounded, where $lVertcdot rVert_1$ denotes the $L^1(mathbb R^d)$-norm.



Having thought about this for a moment, I believe it is indeed unbounded. So I tried to find a sequence of Schwartz functions $(f_n)_{nin mathbb N} subseteq mathcal S(mathbb R^d)$ with $forall n: lVert f_n rVert_1 = 1$ and $$lVert mathcal F f_n rVert to +infty.$$
Of course I first thought about Gaussians but couldn't quite find a suitable sequence. Any help appreciated!










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Some uncertainty principle thing going on here...
    $endgroup$
    – copper.hat
    Jan 23 at 20:11














1












1








1





$begingroup$


I want to prove or disprove that the Fourier transform $mathcal F colon (mathcal S(mathbb R^d), lVert cdot rVert_1) to L^1(mathbb R^d)$ is unbounded, where $lVertcdot rVert_1$ denotes the $L^1(mathbb R^d)$-norm.



Having thought about this for a moment, I believe it is indeed unbounded. So I tried to find a sequence of Schwartz functions $(f_n)_{nin mathbb N} subseteq mathcal S(mathbb R^d)$ with $forall n: lVert f_n rVert_1 = 1$ and $$lVert mathcal F f_n rVert to +infty.$$
Of course I first thought about Gaussians but couldn't quite find a suitable sequence. Any help appreciated!










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$




I want to prove or disprove that the Fourier transform $mathcal F colon (mathcal S(mathbb R^d), lVert cdot rVert_1) to L^1(mathbb R^d)$ is unbounded, where $lVertcdot rVert_1$ denotes the $L^1(mathbb R^d)$-norm.



Having thought about this for a moment, I believe it is indeed unbounded. So I tried to find a sequence of Schwartz functions $(f_n)_{nin mathbb N} subseteq mathcal S(mathbb R^d)$ with $forall n: lVert f_n rVert_1 = 1$ and $$lVert mathcal F f_n rVert to +infty.$$
Of course I first thought about Gaussians but couldn't quite find a suitable sequence. Any help appreciated!







real-analysis functional-analysis analysis fourier-analysis mathematical-physics






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share|cite|improve this question




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asked Jan 23 at 19:18









bavor42bavor42

320110




320110








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Some uncertainty principle thing going on here...
    $endgroup$
    – copper.hat
    Jan 23 at 20:11














  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Some uncertainty principle thing going on here...
    $endgroup$
    – copper.hat
    Jan 23 at 20:11








1




1




$begingroup$
Some uncertainty principle thing going on here...
$endgroup$
– copper.hat
Jan 23 at 20:11




$begingroup$
Some uncertainty principle thing going on here...
$endgroup$
– copper.hat
Jan 23 at 20:11










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















2












$begingroup$

You're right to consider Gaussians!



If you define the Fourier transform of a Schwarz function $f$ to be
$$mathcal F f(xi)=int_{mathbb R^d}f(t)e^{-2ipilangle xi, xrangle}dx$$
then consider the family of Gaussian functions parametrized by $sigma >0$
$$f_sigma(t)= frac 1 {(2pi)^{frac d 2}sigma^d }e^{-frac {|x|^2}{2sigma^2}}$$
The corresponding Fourier transforms are
$$mathcal F f_sigma(xi)=e^{-2pisigma^2|xi|^2}$$
Now $$|f_sigma|_1=mathcal F f_sigma(0) =1$$ while $$|mathcal F f_sigma|_1=frac {C} {sigma^d}$$ for some constant $C$.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    And this blows up as $sigma to 0$... this was exactly what I thought but somehow wasn't able to write down. Thank you very much!
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 19:51










  • $begingroup$
    You're welcome!
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan Lafon
    Jan 23 at 19:53










  • $begingroup$
    Minor typo, you meant to write $f_sigma(x)$ not $t$. Secondly I believe there should be a $d$th power of $sigma$ in $f_sigma$ if you intended $mathcal F f_sigma$ to have this formula. (Conclusion is of course right)
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:54












  • $begingroup$
    Note that you changed your Fourier transform definition to $$e^{-2ipilangle xi, xrangle} int_{mathbb R^d}f$$
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 20:09






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Arghhh, need coffee...
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan Lafon
    Jan 23 at 21:33



















2












$begingroup$

Begin with $f=mathbb1 _{[-1/2,1/2]}in L^1(mathbb R)$. This satisfies
$$ mathcal F f(xi) = frac{sin(pi xi)}{pi xi} notin L^1(mathbb R)$$
Now take any $f_n in mathcal S $ converging to $f$ in $L^1$ and almost everywhere. We have $|f_n|_{L^1} < 2$ eventually. By dominated convergence, we have the pointwise convergence



$$mathcal F f_n(xi) = int_{mathbb R} f_n(x)e^{-2pi i xxi} dx to mathcal F f(xi) $$
By Fatou's lemma,
$$ infty = |mathcal Ff |_{L^1} le liminf_{ntoinfty}|mathcal Ff_n |_{L^1}$$



For dimensions $d>1$, one can use $f = mathbb 1_{[-1/2,1/2]^d} $.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Thanks for this alternative approach! :)
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 19:51










  • $begingroup$
    @bavor42 You're welcome :)
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:56










  • $begingroup$
    @bavor42 I believe the other approach is more or less the same idea, the gaussians (after the typo I pointed out is fixed) forms an approximation to the identity, and $mathcal F delta = 1 notin L^1$. Then the (explicit) approximation sequence was used to find that the $L^1$ norm blew up
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:59










  • $begingroup$
    Yeah that makes sense. Still, 2 nice ways to look at it ;)
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 20:06











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2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes








2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









2












$begingroup$

You're right to consider Gaussians!



If you define the Fourier transform of a Schwarz function $f$ to be
$$mathcal F f(xi)=int_{mathbb R^d}f(t)e^{-2ipilangle xi, xrangle}dx$$
then consider the family of Gaussian functions parametrized by $sigma >0$
$$f_sigma(t)= frac 1 {(2pi)^{frac d 2}sigma^d }e^{-frac {|x|^2}{2sigma^2}}$$
The corresponding Fourier transforms are
$$mathcal F f_sigma(xi)=e^{-2pisigma^2|xi|^2}$$
Now $$|f_sigma|_1=mathcal F f_sigma(0) =1$$ while $$|mathcal F f_sigma|_1=frac {C} {sigma^d}$$ for some constant $C$.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    And this blows up as $sigma to 0$... this was exactly what I thought but somehow wasn't able to write down. Thank you very much!
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 19:51










  • $begingroup$
    You're welcome!
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan Lafon
    Jan 23 at 19:53










  • $begingroup$
    Minor typo, you meant to write $f_sigma(x)$ not $t$. Secondly I believe there should be a $d$th power of $sigma$ in $f_sigma$ if you intended $mathcal F f_sigma$ to have this formula. (Conclusion is of course right)
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:54












  • $begingroup$
    Note that you changed your Fourier transform definition to $$e^{-2ipilangle xi, xrangle} int_{mathbb R^d}f$$
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 20:09






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Arghhh, need coffee...
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan Lafon
    Jan 23 at 21:33
















2












$begingroup$

You're right to consider Gaussians!



If you define the Fourier transform of a Schwarz function $f$ to be
$$mathcal F f(xi)=int_{mathbb R^d}f(t)e^{-2ipilangle xi, xrangle}dx$$
then consider the family of Gaussian functions parametrized by $sigma >0$
$$f_sigma(t)= frac 1 {(2pi)^{frac d 2}sigma^d }e^{-frac {|x|^2}{2sigma^2}}$$
The corresponding Fourier transforms are
$$mathcal F f_sigma(xi)=e^{-2pisigma^2|xi|^2}$$
Now $$|f_sigma|_1=mathcal F f_sigma(0) =1$$ while $$|mathcal F f_sigma|_1=frac {C} {sigma^d}$$ for some constant $C$.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    And this blows up as $sigma to 0$... this was exactly what I thought but somehow wasn't able to write down. Thank you very much!
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 19:51










  • $begingroup$
    You're welcome!
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan Lafon
    Jan 23 at 19:53










  • $begingroup$
    Minor typo, you meant to write $f_sigma(x)$ not $t$. Secondly I believe there should be a $d$th power of $sigma$ in $f_sigma$ if you intended $mathcal F f_sigma$ to have this formula. (Conclusion is of course right)
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:54












  • $begingroup$
    Note that you changed your Fourier transform definition to $$e^{-2ipilangle xi, xrangle} int_{mathbb R^d}f$$
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 20:09






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Arghhh, need coffee...
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan Lafon
    Jan 23 at 21:33














2












2








2





$begingroup$

You're right to consider Gaussians!



If you define the Fourier transform of a Schwarz function $f$ to be
$$mathcal F f(xi)=int_{mathbb R^d}f(t)e^{-2ipilangle xi, xrangle}dx$$
then consider the family of Gaussian functions parametrized by $sigma >0$
$$f_sigma(t)= frac 1 {(2pi)^{frac d 2}sigma^d }e^{-frac {|x|^2}{2sigma^2}}$$
The corresponding Fourier transforms are
$$mathcal F f_sigma(xi)=e^{-2pisigma^2|xi|^2}$$
Now $$|f_sigma|_1=mathcal F f_sigma(0) =1$$ while $$|mathcal F f_sigma|_1=frac {C} {sigma^d}$$ for some constant $C$.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$



You're right to consider Gaussians!



If you define the Fourier transform of a Schwarz function $f$ to be
$$mathcal F f(xi)=int_{mathbb R^d}f(t)e^{-2ipilangle xi, xrangle}dx$$
then consider the family of Gaussian functions parametrized by $sigma >0$
$$f_sigma(t)= frac 1 {(2pi)^{frac d 2}sigma^d }e^{-frac {|x|^2}{2sigma^2}}$$
The corresponding Fourier transforms are
$$mathcal F f_sigma(xi)=e^{-2pisigma^2|xi|^2}$$
Now $$|f_sigma|_1=mathcal F f_sigma(0) =1$$ while $$|mathcal F f_sigma|_1=frac {C} {sigma^d}$$ for some constant $C$.







share|cite|improve this answer














share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer








edited Jan 23 at 21:32

























answered Jan 23 at 19:40









Stefan LafonStefan Lafon

2,92519




2,92519












  • $begingroup$
    And this blows up as $sigma to 0$... this was exactly what I thought but somehow wasn't able to write down. Thank you very much!
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 19:51










  • $begingroup$
    You're welcome!
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan Lafon
    Jan 23 at 19:53










  • $begingroup$
    Minor typo, you meant to write $f_sigma(x)$ not $t$. Secondly I believe there should be a $d$th power of $sigma$ in $f_sigma$ if you intended $mathcal F f_sigma$ to have this formula. (Conclusion is of course right)
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:54












  • $begingroup$
    Note that you changed your Fourier transform definition to $$e^{-2ipilangle xi, xrangle} int_{mathbb R^d}f$$
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 20:09






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Arghhh, need coffee...
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan Lafon
    Jan 23 at 21:33


















  • $begingroup$
    And this blows up as $sigma to 0$... this was exactly what I thought but somehow wasn't able to write down. Thank you very much!
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 19:51










  • $begingroup$
    You're welcome!
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan Lafon
    Jan 23 at 19:53










  • $begingroup$
    Minor typo, you meant to write $f_sigma(x)$ not $t$. Secondly I believe there should be a $d$th power of $sigma$ in $f_sigma$ if you intended $mathcal F f_sigma$ to have this formula. (Conclusion is of course right)
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:54












  • $begingroup$
    Note that you changed your Fourier transform definition to $$e^{-2ipilangle xi, xrangle} int_{mathbb R^d}f$$
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 20:09






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Arghhh, need coffee...
    $endgroup$
    – Stefan Lafon
    Jan 23 at 21:33
















$begingroup$
And this blows up as $sigma to 0$... this was exactly what I thought but somehow wasn't able to write down. Thank you very much!
$endgroup$
– bavor42
Jan 23 at 19:51




$begingroup$
And this blows up as $sigma to 0$... this was exactly what I thought but somehow wasn't able to write down. Thank you very much!
$endgroup$
– bavor42
Jan 23 at 19:51












$begingroup$
You're welcome!
$endgroup$
– Stefan Lafon
Jan 23 at 19:53




$begingroup$
You're welcome!
$endgroup$
– Stefan Lafon
Jan 23 at 19:53












$begingroup$
Minor typo, you meant to write $f_sigma(x)$ not $t$. Secondly I believe there should be a $d$th power of $sigma$ in $f_sigma$ if you intended $mathcal F f_sigma$ to have this formula. (Conclusion is of course right)
$endgroup$
– Calvin Khor
Jan 23 at 19:54






$begingroup$
Minor typo, you meant to write $f_sigma(x)$ not $t$. Secondly I believe there should be a $d$th power of $sigma$ in $f_sigma$ if you intended $mathcal F f_sigma$ to have this formula. (Conclusion is of course right)
$endgroup$
– Calvin Khor
Jan 23 at 19:54














$begingroup$
Note that you changed your Fourier transform definition to $$e^{-2ipilangle xi, xrangle} int_{mathbb R^d}f$$
$endgroup$
– Calvin Khor
Jan 23 at 20:09




$begingroup$
Note that you changed your Fourier transform definition to $$e^{-2ipilangle xi, xrangle} int_{mathbb R^d}f$$
$endgroup$
– Calvin Khor
Jan 23 at 20:09




1




1




$begingroup$
Arghhh, need coffee...
$endgroup$
– Stefan Lafon
Jan 23 at 21:33




$begingroup$
Arghhh, need coffee...
$endgroup$
– Stefan Lafon
Jan 23 at 21:33











2












$begingroup$

Begin with $f=mathbb1 _{[-1/2,1/2]}in L^1(mathbb R)$. This satisfies
$$ mathcal F f(xi) = frac{sin(pi xi)}{pi xi} notin L^1(mathbb R)$$
Now take any $f_n in mathcal S $ converging to $f$ in $L^1$ and almost everywhere. We have $|f_n|_{L^1} < 2$ eventually. By dominated convergence, we have the pointwise convergence



$$mathcal F f_n(xi) = int_{mathbb R} f_n(x)e^{-2pi i xxi} dx to mathcal F f(xi) $$
By Fatou's lemma,
$$ infty = |mathcal Ff |_{L^1} le liminf_{ntoinfty}|mathcal Ff_n |_{L^1}$$



For dimensions $d>1$, one can use $f = mathbb 1_{[-1/2,1/2]^d} $.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Thanks for this alternative approach! :)
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 19:51










  • $begingroup$
    @bavor42 You're welcome :)
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:56










  • $begingroup$
    @bavor42 I believe the other approach is more or less the same idea, the gaussians (after the typo I pointed out is fixed) forms an approximation to the identity, and $mathcal F delta = 1 notin L^1$. Then the (explicit) approximation sequence was used to find that the $L^1$ norm blew up
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:59










  • $begingroup$
    Yeah that makes sense. Still, 2 nice ways to look at it ;)
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 20:06
















2












$begingroup$

Begin with $f=mathbb1 _{[-1/2,1/2]}in L^1(mathbb R)$. This satisfies
$$ mathcal F f(xi) = frac{sin(pi xi)}{pi xi} notin L^1(mathbb R)$$
Now take any $f_n in mathcal S $ converging to $f$ in $L^1$ and almost everywhere. We have $|f_n|_{L^1} < 2$ eventually. By dominated convergence, we have the pointwise convergence



$$mathcal F f_n(xi) = int_{mathbb R} f_n(x)e^{-2pi i xxi} dx to mathcal F f(xi) $$
By Fatou's lemma,
$$ infty = |mathcal Ff |_{L^1} le liminf_{ntoinfty}|mathcal Ff_n |_{L^1}$$



For dimensions $d>1$, one can use $f = mathbb 1_{[-1/2,1/2]^d} $.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Thanks for this alternative approach! :)
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 19:51










  • $begingroup$
    @bavor42 You're welcome :)
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:56










  • $begingroup$
    @bavor42 I believe the other approach is more or less the same idea, the gaussians (after the typo I pointed out is fixed) forms an approximation to the identity, and $mathcal F delta = 1 notin L^1$. Then the (explicit) approximation sequence was used to find that the $L^1$ norm blew up
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:59










  • $begingroup$
    Yeah that makes sense. Still, 2 nice ways to look at it ;)
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 20:06














2












2








2





$begingroup$

Begin with $f=mathbb1 _{[-1/2,1/2]}in L^1(mathbb R)$. This satisfies
$$ mathcal F f(xi) = frac{sin(pi xi)}{pi xi} notin L^1(mathbb R)$$
Now take any $f_n in mathcal S $ converging to $f$ in $L^1$ and almost everywhere. We have $|f_n|_{L^1} < 2$ eventually. By dominated convergence, we have the pointwise convergence



$$mathcal F f_n(xi) = int_{mathbb R} f_n(x)e^{-2pi i xxi} dx to mathcal F f(xi) $$
By Fatou's lemma,
$$ infty = |mathcal Ff |_{L^1} le liminf_{ntoinfty}|mathcal Ff_n |_{L^1}$$



For dimensions $d>1$, one can use $f = mathbb 1_{[-1/2,1/2]^d} $.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$



Begin with $f=mathbb1 _{[-1/2,1/2]}in L^1(mathbb R)$. This satisfies
$$ mathcal F f(xi) = frac{sin(pi xi)}{pi xi} notin L^1(mathbb R)$$
Now take any $f_n in mathcal S $ converging to $f$ in $L^1$ and almost everywhere. We have $|f_n|_{L^1} < 2$ eventually. By dominated convergence, we have the pointwise convergence



$$mathcal F f_n(xi) = int_{mathbb R} f_n(x)e^{-2pi i xxi} dx to mathcal F f(xi) $$
By Fatou's lemma,
$$ infty = |mathcal Ff |_{L^1} le liminf_{ntoinfty}|mathcal Ff_n |_{L^1}$$



For dimensions $d>1$, one can use $f = mathbb 1_{[-1/2,1/2]^d} $.







share|cite|improve this answer












share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer










answered Jan 23 at 19:40









Calvin KhorCalvin Khor

12.4k21439




12.4k21439












  • $begingroup$
    Thanks for this alternative approach! :)
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 19:51










  • $begingroup$
    @bavor42 You're welcome :)
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:56










  • $begingroup$
    @bavor42 I believe the other approach is more or less the same idea, the gaussians (after the typo I pointed out is fixed) forms an approximation to the identity, and $mathcal F delta = 1 notin L^1$. Then the (explicit) approximation sequence was used to find that the $L^1$ norm blew up
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:59










  • $begingroup$
    Yeah that makes sense. Still, 2 nice ways to look at it ;)
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 20:06


















  • $begingroup$
    Thanks for this alternative approach! :)
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 19:51










  • $begingroup$
    @bavor42 You're welcome :)
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:56










  • $begingroup$
    @bavor42 I believe the other approach is more or less the same idea, the gaussians (after the typo I pointed out is fixed) forms an approximation to the identity, and $mathcal F delta = 1 notin L^1$. Then the (explicit) approximation sequence was used to find that the $L^1$ norm blew up
    $endgroup$
    – Calvin Khor
    Jan 23 at 19:59










  • $begingroup$
    Yeah that makes sense. Still, 2 nice ways to look at it ;)
    $endgroup$
    – bavor42
    Jan 23 at 20:06
















$begingroup$
Thanks for this alternative approach! :)
$endgroup$
– bavor42
Jan 23 at 19:51




$begingroup$
Thanks for this alternative approach! :)
$endgroup$
– bavor42
Jan 23 at 19:51












$begingroup$
@bavor42 You're welcome :)
$endgroup$
– Calvin Khor
Jan 23 at 19:56




$begingroup$
@bavor42 You're welcome :)
$endgroup$
– Calvin Khor
Jan 23 at 19:56












$begingroup$
@bavor42 I believe the other approach is more or less the same idea, the gaussians (after the typo I pointed out is fixed) forms an approximation to the identity, and $mathcal F delta = 1 notin L^1$. Then the (explicit) approximation sequence was used to find that the $L^1$ norm blew up
$endgroup$
– Calvin Khor
Jan 23 at 19:59




$begingroup$
@bavor42 I believe the other approach is more or less the same idea, the gaussians (after the typo I pointed out is fixed) forms an approximation to the identity, and $mathcal F delta = 1 notin L^1$. Then the (explicit) approximation sequence was used to find that the $L^1$ norm blew up
$endgroup$
– Calvin Khor
Jan 23 at 19:59












$begingroup$
Yeah that makes sense. Still, 2 nice ways to look at it ;)
$endgroup$
– bavor42
Jan 23 at 20:06




$begingroup$
Yeah that makes sense. Still, 2 nice ways to look at it ;)
$endgroup$
– bavor42
Jan 23 at 20:06


















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