calculate the norm of the following operator on $mathbb{C}^2$
$begingroup$
It is well known that if $Ain mathcal{B}(F)$, then
$$|A|:=displaystylesup_{|x|=1}|Ax|.$$
and
$$omega(T):=displaystylesup_{|x|=1}|langle Ax, xrangle|,$$
where $F$ is a complex Hilbert space and $mathcal{B}(F)$ is the algebra of all bounded linear operators on $F$.
Consider the following operator on $mathbb{C}^2$
$$T=begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \ 0 & 1 end{pmatrix}.$$
I want to prove that
begin{align*}
omega(T)
&=supleft{||x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2|,;;(x,y)in mathbb{C}^2,;text{and};|x|^2+|y|^2=1 right}=tfrac{3}{2},
end{align*}
and
begin{align*}
|T|
&=supleft{sqrt{|x+y|^2+|y|^2},;;(x_1,x_2)in mathbb{C}^2,;text{and};|x|^2+|y|^2=1 right}=frac{sqrt{5}+1}{2}.
end{align*}
Attempt:
Clearly, for all $(x,y)in mathbb{C}^2$ such that $|x|^2+|y|^2=1$, we have
$$||x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2|leq frac12(|x|^2+|y|^2)+|x|^2+|y|^2=frac32.$$
Hence,
$$omega(T)leqfrac32.$$
To calculate $|T|$, I try to use the following result:
$$|T|=max{sqrt{lambda};;lambdain sigma(T^*T)},$$
where $sigma(A)$ denotes the spectrum of an operator $A$.
Clearly
$$T^*T=begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \ 1 & 2 end{pmatrix}.$$
Also
$$sigma(T^*T)={frac{sqrt{5}+3}{2},frac{3-sqrt{5}}{2}}.$$
Hence,
$$|T|^2=frac{sqrt{5}+3}{2}.$$
linear-algebra
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
It is well known that if $Ain mathcal{B}(F)$, then
$$|A|:=displaystylesup_{|x|=1}|Ax|.$$
and
$$omega(T):=displaystylesup_{|x|=1}|langle Ax, xrangle|,$$
where $F$ is a complex Hilbert space and $mathcal{B}(F)$ is the algebra of all bounded linear operators on $F$.
Consider the following operator on $mathbb{C}^2$
$$T=begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \ 0 & 1 end{pmatrix}.$$
I want to prove that
begin{align*}
omega(T)
&=supleft{||x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2|,;;(x,y)in mathbb{C}^2,;text{and};|x|^2+|y|^2=1 right}=tfrac{3}{2},
end{align*}
and
begin{align*}
|T|
&=supleft{sqrt{|x+y|^2+|y|^2},;;(x_1,x_2)in mathbb{C}^2,;text{and};|x|^2+|y|^2=1 right}=frac{sqrt{5}+1}{2}.
end{align*}
Attempt:
Clearly, for all $(x,y)in mathbb{C}^2$ such that $|x|^2+|y|^2=1$, we have
$$||x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2|leq frac12(|x|^2+|y|^2)+|x|^2+|y|^2=frac32.$$
Hence,
$$omega(T)leqfrac32.$$
To calculate $|T|$, I try to use the following result:
$$|T|=max{sqrt{lambda};;lambdain sigma(T^*T)},$$
where $sigma(A)$ denotes the spectrum of an operator $A$.
Clearly
$$T^*T=begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \ 1 & 2 end{pmatrix}.$$
Also
$$sigma(T^*T)={frac{sqrt{5}+3}{2},frac{3-sqrt{5}}{2}}.$$
Hence,
$$|T|^2=frac{sqrt{5}+3}{2}.$$
linear-algebra
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
Something is wrong here. The quantity $|x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2$ need not be real, so that the supremum does not exist.
$endgroup$
– Ben W
Jan 21 at 20:13
$begingroup$
@BenW Sorry I have edited my question.
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 21 at 20:17
$begingroup$
Np. If $x=y=(1+i)/4$ then $|x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2=3/2$. That settles the first question. Can you do the second?
$endgroup$
– Ben W
Jan 21 at 20:43
$begingroup$
For the second, i try to solve it however i'm facing difficulties how can l start.
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 21 at 20:47
$begingroup$
@BenW I think you should take $x=y=(1+i)/2$ Do you agree with me? Thanks
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 24 at 6:13
add a comment |
$begingroup$
It is well known that if $Ain mathcal{B}(F)$, then
$$|A|:=displaystylesup_{|x|=1}|Ax|.$$
and
$$omega(T):=displaystylesup_{|x|=1}|langle Ax, xrangle|,$$
where $F$ is a complex Hilbert space and $mathcal{B}(F)$ is the algebra of all bounded linear operators on $F$.
Consider the following operator on $mathbb{C}^2$
$$T=begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \ 0 & 1 end{pmatrix}.$$
I want to prove that
begin{align*}
omega(T)
&=supleft{||x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2|,;;(x,y)in mathbb{C}^2,;text{and};|x|^2+|y|^2=1 right}=tfrac{3}{2},
end{align*}
and
begin{align*}
|T|
&=supleft{sqrt{|x+y|^2+|y|^2},;;(x_1,x_2)in mathbb{C}^2,;text{and};|x|^2+|y|^2=1 right}=frac{sqrt{5}+1}{2}.
end{align*}
Attempt:
Clearly, for all $(x,y)in mathbb{C}^2$ such that $|x|^2+|y|^2=1$, we have
$$||x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2|leq frac12(|x|^2+|y|^2)+|x|^2+|y|^2=frac32.$$
Hence,
$$omega(T)leqfrac32.$$
To calculate $|T|$, I try to use the following result:
$$|T|=max{sqrt{lambda};;lambdain sigma(T^*T)},$$
where $sigma(A)$ denotes the spectrum of an operator $A$.
Clearly
$$T^*T=begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \ 1 & 2 end{pmatrix}.$$
Also
$$sigma(T^*T)={frac{sqrt{5}+3}{2},frac{3-sqrt{5}}{2}}.$$
Hence,
$$|T|^2=frac{sqrt{5}+3}{2}.$$
linear-algebra
$endgroup$
It is well known that if $Ain mathcal{B}(F)$, then
$$|A|:=displaystylesup_{|x|=1}|Ax|.$$
and
$$omega(T):=displaystylesup_{|x|=1}|langle Ax, xrangle|,$$
where $F$ is a complex Hilbert space and $mathcal{B}(F)$ is the algebra of all bounded linear operators on $F$.
Consider the following operator on $mathbb{C}^2$
$$T=begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \ 0 & 1 end{pmatrix}.$$
I want to prove that
begin{align*}
omega(T)
&=supleft{||x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2|,;;(x,y)in mathbb{C}^2,;text{and};|x|^2+|y|^2=1 right}=tfrac{3}{2},
end{align*}
and
begin{align*}
|T|
&=supleft{sqrt{|x+y|^2+|y|^2},;;(x_1,x_2)in mathbb{C}^2,;text{and};|x|^2+|y|^2=1 right}=frac{sqrt{5}+1}{2}.
end{align*}
Attempt:
Clearly, for all $(x,y)in mathbb{C}^2$ such that $|x|^2+|y|^2=1$, we have
$$||x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2|leq frac12(|x|^2+|y|^2)+|x|^2+|y|^2=frac32.$$
Hence,
$$omega(T)leqfrac32.$$
To calculate $|T|$, I try to use the following result:
$$|T|=max{sqrt{lambda};;lambdain sigma(T^*T)},$$
where $sigma(A)$ denotes the spectrum of an operator $A$.
Clearly
$$T^*T=begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \ 1 & 2 end{pmatrix}.$$
Also
$$sigma(T^*T)={frac{sqrt{5}+3}{2},frac{3-sqrt{5}}{2}}.$$
Hence,
$$|T|^2=frac{sqrt{5}+3}{2}.$$
linear-algebra
linear-algebra
edited Jan 23 at 19:00
Schüler
asked Jan 21 at 20:07
SchülerSchüler
1,5391421
1,5391421
1
$begingroup$
Something is wrong here. The quantity $|x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2$ need not be real, so that the supremum does not exist.
$endgroup$
– Ben W
Jan 21 at 20:13
$begingroup$
@BenW Sorry I have edited my question.
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 21 at 20:17
$begingroup$
Np. If $x=y=(1+i)/4$ then $|x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2=3/2$. That settles the first question. Can you do the second?
$endgroup$
– Ben W
Jan 21 at 20:43
$begingroup$
For the second, i try to solve it however i'm facing difficulties how can l start.
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 21 at 20:47
$begingroup$
@BenW I think you should take $x=y=(1+i)/2$ Do you agree with me? Thanks
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 24 at 6:13
add a comment |
1
$begingroup$
Something is wrong here. The quantity $|x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2$ need not be real, so that the supremum does not exist.
$endgroup$
– Ben W
Jan 21 at 20:13
$begingroup$
@BenW Sorry I have edited my question.
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 21 at 20:17
$begingroup$
Np. If $x=y=(1+i)/4$ then $|x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2=3/2$. That settles the first question. Can you do the second?
$endgroup$
– Ben W
Jan 21 at 20:43
$begingroup$
For the second, i try to solve it however i'm facing difficulties how can l start.
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 21 at 20:47
$begingroup$
@BenW I think you should take $x=y=(1+i)/2$ Do you agree with me? Thanks
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 24 at 6:13
1
1
$begingroup$
Something is wrong here. The quantity $|x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2$ need not be real, so that the supremum does not exist.
$endgroup$
– Ben W
Jan 21 at 20:13
$begingroup$
Something is wrong here. The quantity $|x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2$ need not be real, so that the supremum does not exist.
$endgroup$
– Ben W
Jan 21 at 20:13
$begingroup$
@BenW Sorry I have edited my question.
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 21 at 20:17
$begingroup$
@BenW Sorry I have edited my question.
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 21 at 20:17
$begingroup$
Np. If $x=y=(1+i)/4$ then $|x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2=3/2$. That settles the first question. Can you do the second?
$endgroup$
– Ben W
Jan 21 at 20:43
$begingroup$
Np. If $x=y=(1+i)/4$ then $|x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2=3/2$. That settles the first question. Can you do the second?
$endgroup$
– Ben W
Jan 21 at 20:43
$begingroup$
For the second, i try to solve it however i'm facing difficulties how can l start.
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 21 at 20:47
$begingroup$
For the second, i try to solve it however i'm facing difficulties how can l start.
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 21 at 20:47
$begingroup$
@BenW I think you should take $x=y=(1+i)/2$ Do you agree with me? Thanks
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 24 at 6:13
$begingroup$
@BenW I think you should take $x=y=(1+i)/2$ Do you agree with me? Thanks
$endgroup$
– Schüler
Jan 24 at 6:13
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
For the second, let's see why for all $z,winmathbb{C}$ with $|z|^2+|w|^2=1$ it is $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}leq(sqrt{5}+1)/2$. Let $a=|z|, b=|y|inmathbb{R}$. It is obviously $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}leqsqrt{1+2ab+b^2}$ while $a,b$ satisfy $a^2+b^2=1$. Now we can use Lagrange multipliers to solve a classical problem. I won't go into details, but it will work (at least a graph calculator says so).
Now let's see that there exist $z,winmathbb{C}$ such that $|z|^2+|w|^2=1$ and $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}=(sqrt{5}+1)/2$. Rewrite this equivalently as $4(|z+w|^2+|w|^2)=6+2sqrt{5}$. This is equivalent to $2(|w|^2+2text{Re}(zoverline{w}))=1+sqrt{5}$. Now let $w$ be a real number, say $cin(0,1)$. Then we have that $2c^2+2ctext{Re}(z)=1+sqrt{5}$, hence $text{Re}(z)=frac{1+sqrt{5}-2c^2}{2c}$. Let for convenience $c$ be the solution to the equation $2t^2=1+sqrt{5}$ (it does indeed have a solution in $(0,1)$). Then $text{Re}(z)=0$. So now since $z$ is imaginary, it is $z=iy$ and $|z|=|y|$. solve $c^2+y^2=1$ for $y$ and note that it has a solution in $(0,1)$ too. the pair $(iy,c)inmathbb{C}^2$ makes this supremum a maximum.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
@Schüler are you familiar with the lagrange multipliers method?
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 22 at 20:16
$begingroup$
@Schüler are you sure? I see that you're talking about spectra of operators in your edit, Lagrange multipliers is a standard calculus tool to maximize functions of several real variables.
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 23 at 18:41
add a comment |
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1 Answer
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1 Answer
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$begingroup$
For the second, let's see why for all $z,winmathbb{C}$ with $|z|^2+|w|^2=1$ it is $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}leq(sqrt{5}+1)/2$. Let $a=|z|, b=|y|inmathbb{R}$. It is obviously $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}leqsqrt{1+2ab+b^2}$ while $a,b$ satisfy $a^2+b^2=1$. Now we can use Lagrange multipliers to solve a classical problem. I won't go into details, but it will work (at least a graph calculator says so).
Now let's see that there exist $z,winmathbb{C}$ such that $|z|^2+|w|^2=1$ and $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}=(sqrt{5}+1)/2$. Rewrite this equivalently as $4(|z+w|^2+|w|^2)=6+2sqrt{5}$. This is equivalent to $2(|w|^2+2text{Re}(zoverline{w}))=1+sqrt{5}$. Now let $w$ be a real number, say $cin(0,1)$. Then we have that $2c^2+2ctext{Re}(z)=1+sqrt{5}$, hence $text{Re}(z)=frac{1+sqrt{5}-2c^2}{2c}$. Let for convenience $c$ be the solution to the equation $2t^2=1+sqrt{5}$ (it does indeed have a solution in $(0,1)$). Then $text{Re}(z)=0$. So now since $z$ is imaginary, it is $z=iy$ and $|z|=|y|$. solve $c^2+y^2=1$ for $y$ and note that it has a solution in $(0,1)$ too. the pair $(iy,c)inmathbb{C}^2$ makes this supremum a maximum.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
@Schüler are you familiar with the lagrange multipliers method?
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 22 at 20:16
$begingroup$
@Schüler are you sure? I see that you're talking about spectra of operators in your edit, Lagrange multipliers is a standard calculus tool to maximize functions of several real variables.
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 23 at 18:41
add a comment |
$begingroup$
For the second, let's see why for all $z,winmathbb{C}$ with $|z|^2+|w|^2=1$ it is $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}leq(sqrt{5}+1)/2$. Let $a=|z|, b=|y|inmathbb{R}$. It is obviously $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}leqsqrt{1+2ab+b^2}$ while $a,b$ satisfy $a^2+b^2=1$. Now we can use Lagrange multipliers to solve a classical problem. I won't go into details, but it will work (at least a graph calculator says so).
Now let's see that there exist $z,winmathbb{C}$ such that $|z|^2+|w|^2=1$ and $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}=(sqrt{5}+1)/2$. Rewrite this equivalently as $4(|z+w|^2+|w|^2)=6+2sqrt{5}$. This is equivalent to $2(|w|^2+2text{Re}(zoverline{w}))=1+sqrt{5}$. Now let $w$ be a real number, say $cin(0,1)$. Then we have that $2c^2+2ctext{Re}(z)=1+sqrt{5}$, hence $text{Re}(z)=frac{1+sqrt{5}-2c^2}{2c}$. Let for convenience $c$ be the solution to the equation $2t^2=1+sqrt{5}$ (it does indeed have a solution in $(0,1)$). Then $text{Re}(z)=0$. So now since $z$ is imaginary, it is $z=iy$ and $|z|=|y|$. solve $c^2+y^2=1$ for $y$ and note that it has a solution in $(0,1)$ too. the pair $(iy,c)inmathbb{C}^2$ makes this supremum a maximum.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
@Schüler are you familiar with the lagrange multipliers method?
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 22 at 20:16
$begingroup$
@Schüler are you sure? I see that you're talking about spectra of operators in your edit, Lagrange multipliers is a standard calculus tool to maximize functions of several real variables.
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 23 at 18:41
add a comment |
$begingroup$
For the second, let's see why for all $z,winmathbb{C}$ with $|z|^2+|w|^2=1$ it is $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}leq(sqrt{5}+1)/2$. Let $a=|z|, b=|y|inmathbb{R}$. It is obviously $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}leqsqrt{1+2ab+b^2}$ while $a,b$ satisfy $a^2+b^2=1$. Now we can use Lagrange multipliers to solve a classical problem. I won't go into details, but it will work (at least a graph calculator says so).
Now let's see that there exist $z,winmathbb{C}$ such that $|z|^2+|w|^2=1$ and $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}=(sqrt{5}+1)/2$. Rewrite this equivalently as $4(|z+w|^2+|w|^2)=6+2sqrt{5}$. This is equivalent to $2(|w|^2+2text{Re}(zoverline{w}))=1+sqrt{5}$. Now let $w$ be a real number, say $cin(0,1)$. Then we have that $2c^2+2ctext{Re}(z)=1+sqrt{5}$, hence $text{Re}(z)=frac{1+sqrt{5}-2c^2}{2c}$. Let for convenience $c$ be the solution to the equation $2t^2=1+sqrt{5}$ (it does indeed have a solution in $(0,1)$). Then $text{Re}(z)=0$. So now since $z$ is imaginary, it is $z=iy$ and $|z|=|y|$. solve $c^2+y^2=1$ for $y$ and note that it has a solution in $(0,1)$ too. the pair $(iy,c)inmathbb{C}^2$ makes this supremum a maximum.
$endgroup$
For the second, let's see why for all $z,winmathbb{C}$ with $|z|^2+|w|^2=1$ it is $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}leq(sqrt{5}+1)/2$. Let $a=|z|, b=|y|inmathbb{R}$. It is obviously $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}leqsqrt{1+2ab+b^2}$ while $a,b$ satisfy $a^2+b^2=1$. Now we can use Lagrange multipliers to solve a classical problem. I won't go into details, but it will work (at least a graph calculator says so).
Now let's see that there exist $z,winmathbb{C}$ such that $|z|^2+|w|^2=1$ and $sqrt{|z+w|^2+|w|^2}=(sqrt{5}+1)/2$. Rewrite this equivalently as $4(|z+w|^2+|w|^2)=6+2sqrt{5}$. This is equivalent to $2(|w|^2+2text{Re}(zoverline{w}))=1+sqrt{5}$. Now let $w$ be a real number, say $cin(0,1)$. Then we have that $2c^2+2ctext{Re}(z)=1+sqrt{5}$, hence $text{Re}(z)=frac{1+sqrt{5}-2c^2}{2c}$. Let for convenience $c$ be the solution to the equation $2t^2=1+sqrt{5}$ (it does indeed have a solution in $(0,1)$). Then $text{Re}(z)=0$. So now since $z$ is imaginary, it is $z=iy$ and $|z|=|y|$. solve $c^2+y^2=1$ for $y$ and note that it has a solution in $(0,1)$ too. the pair $(iy,c)inmathbb{C}^2$ makes this supremum a maximum.
answered Jan 21 at 21:51


JustDroppedInJustDroppedIn
2,153420
2,153420
$begingroup$
@Schüler are you familiar with the lagrange multipliers method?
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 22 at 20:16
$begingroup$
@Schüler are you sure? I see that you're talking about spectra of operators in your edit, Lagrange multipliers is a standard calculus tool to maximize functions of several real variables.
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 23 at 18:41
add a comment |
$begingroup$
@Schüler are you familiar with the lagrange multipliers method?
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 22 at 20:16
$begingroup$
@Schüler are you sure? I see that you're talking about spectra of operators in your edit, Lagrange multipliers is a standard calculus tool to maximize functions of several real variables.
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 23 at 18:41
$begingroup$
@Schüler are you familiar with the lagrange multipliers method?
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 22 at 20:16
$begingroup$
@Schüler are you familiar with the lagrange multipliers method?
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 22 at 20:16
$begingroup$
@Schüler are you sure? I see that you're talking about spectra of operators in your edit, Lagrange multipliers is a standard calculus tool to maximize functions of several real variables.
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 23 at 18:41
$begingroup$
@Schüler are you sure? I see that you're talking about spectra of operators in your edit, Lagrange multipliers is a standard calculus tool to maximize functions of several real variables.
$endgroup$
– JustDroppedIn
Jan 23 at 18:41
add a comment |
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Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
1
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Something is wrong here. The quantity $|x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2$ need not be real, so that the supremum does not exist.
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– Ben W
Jan 21 at 20:13
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@BenW Sorry I have edited my question.
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– Schüler
Jan 21 at 20:17
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Np. If $x=y=(1+i)/4$ then $|x|^2+yoverline{x}+|y|^2=3/2$. That settles the first question. Can you do the second?
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– Ben W
Jan 21 at 20:43
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For the second, i try to solve it however i'm facing difficulties how can l start.
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– Schüler
Jan 21 at 20:47
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@BenW I think you should take $x=y=(1+i)/2$ Do you agree with me? Thanks
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– Schüler
Jan 24 at 6:13