農作物






様々な農作物


農作物（のうさくぶつ、のうさくもつ）または作物（さくもつ）とは広義には田畑につくる栽培植物全般を指す。



広義の農作物


広義の農作物は大きく分けて5分類に分ける事ができる。



  • 普通作物（食用作物とも言う）：水稲・陸稲・麦類・トウモロコシ・イモ類・豆類等。主に主食になる作物の事。

  • 飼料作物：牧草やソルゴーなど、家畜の飼料に用いられる作物の事。

  • 緑肥作物：レンゲ･マリーゴールド・ウマゴヤシなど栽培している植物を収穫せず、そのまま田畑にすきこみ植物と土を一緒にして耕し、後から栽培する作物の肥料にする植物の事。


  • 園芸作物：野菜・果樹・花卉の事。園芸作物はさらに細分化すると、野菜は葉や茎を食べる葉菜類（キャベツ・アスパラガス等）・実を食べる果菜類（ナスやキュウリ等）・根や地下茎を食べる根菜類（大根・人参等）、果樹は柑橘類を代表する常緑果樹と、桃や葡萄などの落葉果樹、花卉は、用途に応じて切り花・鉢花・苗物と分けられる。
    • なおトウモロコシや豆類・イモ類・キノコを野菜と思っている人が多いが、実際は普通作物の分類に作物学等によって分けられる。キノコは林業の特用林産物の扱いになる。またスイカ・イチゴ・メロンは分類上から野菜の扱いになる。



  • 工芸作物：9種類の分類に分かれており[要出典]、養蚕に必要な桑もこの中に入る。



狭義の農作物


狭義には、園芸作物を除く、普通作物、飼料作物、緑肥作物、工芸作物を指す。










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