Proof that $2sqrt2 + sqrt7$ is an irrational number












1












$begingroup$


Prove that $2sqrt2 + sqrt7$ is an irrational number. I am trying to use contradiction to show that this is irrational. Also I am using the fact that $ 2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{1}{2sqrt2 - sqrt7}$.



Assume $2sqrt2 + sqrt7 $ is rational. Then



$2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{m}{n}$



and



$2sqrt2 - sqrt7 = frac{n}{m}$



if I add them together I get



$ 4sqrt2 = frac{m^2+n^2}{mn} $



then we can divide the 4 on both sides and label the new numerator and denominator as $ x , y$ then to prove $sqrt2$ is irrational is trivial. I am not sure if this is the correct way of proving this. Like why does it work to add it's reciprocal? Is it because we are assuming it is rational and if it is rational so is its reciprocal? And rational numbers are closed under addition?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$

















    1












    $begingroup$


    Prove that $2sqrt2 + sqrt7$ is an irrational number. I am trying to use contradiction to show that this is irrational. Also I am using the fact that $ 2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{1}{2sqrt2 - sqrt7}$.



    Assume $2sqrt2 + sqrt7 $ is rational. Then



    $2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{m}{n}$



    and



    $2sqrt2 - sqrt7 = frac{n}{m}$



    if I add them together I get



    $ 4sqrt2 = frac{m^2+n^2}{mn} $



    then we can divide the 4 on both sides and label the new numerator and denominator as $ x , y$ then to prove $sqrt2$ is irrational is trivial. I am not sure if this is the correct way of proving this. Like why does it work to add it's reciprocal? Is it because we are assuming it is rational and if it is rational so is its reciprocal? And rational numbers are closed under addition?










    share|cite|improve this question











    $endgroup$















      1












      1








      1


      1



      $begingroup$


      Prove that $2sqrt2 + sqrt7$ is an irrational number. I am trying to use contradiction to show that this is irrational. Also I am using the fact that $ 2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{1}{2sqrt2 - sqrt7}$.



      Assume $2sqrt2 + sqrt7 $ is rational. Then



      $2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{m}{n}$



      and



      $2sqrt2 - sqrt7 = frac{n}{m}$



      if I add them together I get



      $ 4sqrt2 = frac{m^2+n^2}{mn} $



      then we can divide the 4 on both sides and label the new numerator and denominator as $ x , y$ then to prove $sqrt2$ is irrational is trivial. I am not sure if this is the correct way of proving this. Like why does it work to add it's reciprocal? Is it because we are assuming it is rational and if it is rational so is its reciprocal? And rational numbers are closed under addition?










      share|cite|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      Prove that $2sqrt2 + sqrt7$ is an irrational number. I am trying to use contradiction to show that this is irrational. Also I am using the fact that $ 2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{1}{2sqrt2 - sqrt7}$.



      Assume $2sqrt2 + sqrt7 $ is rational. Then



      $2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{m}{n}$



      and



      $2sqrt2 - sqrt7 = frac{n}{m}$



      if I add them together I get



      $ 4sqrt2 = frac{m^2+n^2}{mn} $



      then we can divide the 4 on both sides and label the new numerator and denominator as $ x , y$ then to prove $sqrt2$ is irrational is trivial. I am not sure if this is the correct way of proving this. Like why does it work to add it's reciprocal? Is it because we are assuming it is rational and if it is rational so is its reciprocal? And rational numbers are closed under addition?







      irrational-numbers rationality-testing






      share|cite|improve this question















      share|cite|improve this question













      share|cite|improve this question




      share|cite|improve this question








      edited Jan 27 at 5:32









      Martin Sleziak

      44.9k10122276




      44.9k10122276










      asked Oct 17 '15 at 21:47









      ultrainstinctultrainstinct

      2,1611725




      2,1611725






















          4 Answers
          4






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          0












          $begingroup$

          The proof works because if your number is a rational $frac mn$, then its reciprocal, $frac nm$ is also rational: it is the quotient of two integers. (The only way that it wouldn't be rational is in the case $m=0$, but that would imply that $2sqrt2 = -sqrt7$, which is clearly false.)



          Similarly, when you add $frac mn$ to $frac nm$, you get another rational number, $frac{m^2+n^2}{mn}$.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            In short, the answer to the last two questions of your post ("Is it because we are assuming it is rational and if it is rational so is its reciprocal? And rational numbers are closed under addition?") is yes.
            $endgroup$
            – Théophile
            Oct 17 '15 at 22:26



















          0












          $begingroup$

          It is pure luck that $2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{1}{2sqrt2 - sqrt7}$, down to the fact that $(2sqrt 2)^2-(sqrt 7)^2 = 1$.



          The following approach is more genral:



          Suppose $2sqrt2 + sqrt7$ is rational. Then its square, $15+4sqrt {14}$, is still rational. So $sqrt{14}$ must be rational. Which it isn't.






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$





















            0












            $begingroup$

            Here's another proof more general that doesn't rely on friendly symmetry. $sqrt 2$ and $sqrt 7$ are easy to show to be irrational. So for $2sqrt 2 + sqrt 7 = r$ then $2sqrt 2 - r = -sqrt 2$ so $8 + r^2 + 2sqrt 2 = 7$ therefore $sqrt 2$ is rational.



            It's the same idea, really. you just don't need to rely on the not so likely fact that their conjugates are reciprical.






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$













            • $begingroup$
              I have noticed the following mistakes in your answer. $2sqrt(2) - r$ is $-sqrt(7)$ and not $-sqrt(2)$. Also $8+r^2 + 2sqrt(2)$ is $23+2sqrt(2)+4sqrt(14)$ and not $7$.
              $endgroup$
              – Bysshed
              Apr 2 '16 at 22:58





















            -1












            $begingroup$

            From



            $$2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{n}{m}$$ and $$2sqrt2 - sqrt7 = frac{m}{n},$$ by addition, you get



            $$4sqrt{2}=frac{m}{n}+frac{n}{m}.$$ That is, $sqrt{2}$ should be rational.



            ${}{}{}{}$






            share|cite|improve this answer











            $endgroup$













            • $begingroup$
              I think that, on the second equailty, it should go $m/n$ instead of $n/m$. Same in the last part.
              $endgroup$
              – Miguelgondu
              Oct 17 '15 at 23:39










            • $begingroup$
              @Miguelgondu Typo corrected. Thank you for noticing it.
              $endgroup$
              – mfl
              Oct 18 '15 at 4:01











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            4 Answers
            4






            active

            oldest

            votes








            4 Answers
            4






            active

            oldest

            votes









            active

            oldest

            votes






            active

            oldest

            votes









            0












            $begingroup$

            The proof works because if your number is a rational $frac mn$, then its reciprocal, $frac nm$ is also rational: it is the quotient of two integers. (The only way that it wouldn't be rational is in the case $m=0$, but that would imply that $2sqrt2 = -sqrt7$, which is clearly false.)



            Similarly, when you add $frac mn$ to $frac nm$, you get another rational number, $frac{m^2+n^2}{mn}$.






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$













            • $begingroup$
              In short, the answer to the last two questions of your post ("Is it because we are assuming it is rational and if it is rational so is its reciprocal? And rational numbers are closed under addition?") is yes.
              $endgroup$
              – Théophile
              Oct 17 '15 at 22:26
















            0












            $begingroup$

            The proof works because if your number is a rational $frac mn$, then its reciprocal, $frac nm$ is also rational: it is the quotient of two integers. (The only way that it wouldn't be rational is in the case $m=0$, but that would imply that $2sqrt2 = -sqrt7$, which is clearly false.)



            Similarly, when you add $frac mn$ to $frac nm$, you get another rational number, $frac{m^2+n^2}{mn}$.






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$













            • $begingroup$
              In short, the answer to the last two questions of your post ("Is it because we are assuming it is rational and if it is rational so is its reciprocal? And rational numbers are closed under addition?") is yes.
              $endgroup$
              – Théophile
              Oct 17 '15 at 22:26














            0












            0








            0





            $begingroup$

            The proof works because if your number is a rational $frac mn$, then its reciprocal, $frac nm$ is also rational: it is the quotient of two integers. (The only way that it wouldn't be rational is in the case $m=0$, but that would imply that $2sqrt2 = -sqrt7$, which is clearly false.)



            Similarly, when you add $frac mn$ to $frac nm$, you get another rational number, $frac{m^2+n^2}{mn}$.






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$



            The proof works because if your number is a rational $frac mn$, then its reciprocal, $frac nm$ is also rational: it is the quotient of two integers. (The only way that it wouldn't be rational is in the case $m=0$, but that would imply that $2sqrt2 = -sqrt7$, which is clearly false.)



            Similarly, when you add $frac mn$ to $frac nm$, you get another rational number, $frac{m^2+n^2}{mn}$.







            share|cite|improve this answer












            share|cite|improve this answer



            share|cite|improve this answer










            answered Oct 17 '15 at 22:23









            ThéophileThéophile

            20.3k13047




            20.3k13047












            • $begingroup$
              In short, the answer to the last two questions of your post ("Is it because we are assuming it is rational and if it is rational so is its reciprocal? And rational numbers are closed under addition?") is yes.
              $endgroup$
              – Théophile
              Oct 17 '15 at 22:26


















            • $begingroup$
              In short, the answer to the last two questions of your post ("Is it because we are assuming it is rational and if it is rational so is its reciprocal? And rational numbers are closed under addition?") is yes.
              $endgroup$
              – Théophile
              Oct 17 '15 at 22:26
















            $begingroup$
            In short, the answer to the last two questions of your post ("Is it because we are assuming it is rational and if it is rational so is its reciprocal? And rational numbers are closed under addition?") is yes.
            $endgroup$
            – Théophile
            Oct 17 '15 at 22:26




            $begingroup$
            In short, the answer to the last two questions of your post ("Is it because we are assuming it is rational and if it is rational so is its reciprocal? And rational numbers are closed under addition?") is yes.
            $endgroup$
            – Théophile
            Oct 17 '15 at 22:26











            0












            $begingroup$

            It is pure luck that $2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{1}{2sqrt2 - sqrt7}$, down to the fact that $(2sqrt 2)^2-(sqrt 7)^2 = 1$.



            The following approach is more genral:



            Suppose $2sqrt2 + sqrt7$ is rational. Then its square, $15+4sqrt {14}$, is still rational. So $sqrt{14}$ must be rational. Which it isn't.






            share|cite|improve this answer











            $endgroup$


















              0












              $begingroup$

              It is pure luck that $2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{1}{2sqrt2 - sqrt7}$, down to the fact that $(2sqrt 2)^2-(sqrt 7)^2 = 1$.



              The following approach is more genral:



              Suppose $2sqrt2 + sqrt7$ is rational. Then its square, $15+4sqrt {14}$, is still rational. So $sqrt{14}$ must be rational. Which it isn't.






              share|cite|improve this answer











              $endgroup$
















                0












                0








                0





                $begingroup$

                It is pure luck that $2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{1}{2sqrt2 - sqrt7}$, down to the fact that $(2sqrt 2)^2-(sqrt 7)^2 = 1$.



                The following approach is more genral:



                Suppose $2sqrt2 + sqrt7$ is rational. Then its square, $15+4sqrt {14}$, is still rational. So $sqrt{14}$ must be rational. Which it isn't.






                share|cite|improve this answer











                $endgroup$



                It is pure luck that $2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{1}{2sqrt2 - sqrt7}$, down to the fact that $(2sqrt 2)^2-(sqrt 7)^2 = 1$.



                The following approach is more genral:



                Suppose $2sqrt2 + sqrt7$ is rational. Then its square, $15+4sqrt {14}$, is still rational. So $sqrt{14}$ must be rational. Which it isn't.







                share|cite|improve this answer














                share|cite|improve this answer



                share|cite|improve this answer








                edited Oct 17 '15 at 23:11









                Akiva Weinberger

                13.9k12268




                13.9k12268










                answered Oct 17 '15 at 22:23









                TonyKTonyK

                43.7k358136




                43.7k358136























                    0












                    $begingroup$

                    Here's another proof more general that doesn't rely on friendly symmetry. $sqrt 2$ and $sqrt 7$ are easy to show to be irrational. So for $2sqrt 2 + sqrt 7 = r$ then $2sqrt 2 - r = -sqrt 2$ so $8 + r^2 + 2sqrt 2 = 7$ therefore $sqrt 2$ is rational.



                    It's the same idea, really. you just don't need to rely on the not so likely fact that their conjugates are reciprical.






                    share|cite|improve this answer









                    $endgroup$













                    • $begingroup$
                      I have noticed the following mistakes in your answer. $2sqrt(2) - r$ is $-sqrt(7)$ and not $-sqrt(2)$. Also $8+r^2 + 2sqrt(2)$ is $23+2sqrt(2)+4sqrt(14)$ and not $7$.
                      $endgroup$
                      – Bysshed
                      Apr 2 '16 at 22:58


















                    0












                    $begingroup$

                    Here's another proof more general that doesn't rely on friendly symmetry. $sqrt 2$ and $sqrt 7$ are easy to show to be irrational. So for $2sqrt 2 + sqrt 7 = r$ then $2sqrt 2 - r = -sqrt 2$ so $8 + r^2 + 2sqrt 2 = 7$ therefore $sqrt 2$ is rational.



                    It's the same idea, really. you just don't need to rely on the not so likely fact that their conjugates are reciprical.






                    share|cite|improve this answer









                    $endgroup$













                    • $begingroup$
                      I have noticed the following mistakes in your answer. $2sqrt(2) - r$ is $-sqrt(7)$ and not $-sqrt(2)$. Also $8+r^2 + 2sqrt(2)$ is $23+2sqrt(2)+4sqrt(14)$ and not $7$.
                      $endgroup$
                      – Bysshed
                      Apr 2 '16 at 22:58
















                    0












                    0








                    0





                    $begingroup$

                    Here's another proof more general that doesn't rely on friendly symmetry. $sqrt 2$ and $sqrt 7$ are easy to show to be irrational. So for $2sqrt 2 + sqrt 7 = r$ then $2sqrt 2 - r = -sqrt 2$ so $8 + r^2 + 2sqrt 2 = 7$ therefore $sqrt 2$ is rational.



                    It's the same idea, really. you just don't need to rely on the not so likely fact that their conjugates are reciprical.






                    share|cite|improve this answer









                    $endgroup$



                    Here's another proof more general that doesn't rely on friendly symmetry. $sqrt 2$ and $sqrt 7$ are easy to show to be irrational. So for $2sqrt 2 + sqrt 7 = r$ then $2sqrt 2 - r = -sqrt 2$ so $8 + r^2 + 2sqrt 2 = 7$ therefore $sqrt 2$ is rational.



                    It's the same idea, really. you just don't need to rely on the not so likely fact that their conjugates are reciprical.







                    share|cite|improve this answer












                    share|cite|improve this answer



                    share|cite|improve this answer










                    answered Oct 18 '15 at 4:44









                    fleabloodfleablood

                    73.1k22789




                    73.1k22789












                    • $begingroup$
                      I have noticed the following mistakes in your answer. $2sqrt(2) - r$ is $-sqrt(7)$ and not $-sqrt(2)$. Also $8+r^2 + 2sqrt(2)$ is $23+2sqrt(2)+4sqrt(14)$ and not $7$.
                      $endgroup$
                      – Bysshed
                      Apr 2 '16 at 22:58




















                    • $begingroup$
                      I have noticed the following mistakes in your answer. $2sqrt(2) - r$ is $-sqrt(7)$ and not $-sqrt(2)$. Also $8+r^2 + 2sqrt(2)$ is $23+2sqrt(2)+4sqrt(14)$ and not $7$.
                      $endgroup$
                      – Bysshed
                      Apr 2 '16 at 22:58


















                    $begingroup$
                    I have noticed the following mistakes in your answer. $2sqrt(2) - r$ is $-sqrt(7)$ and not $-sqrt(2)$. Also $8+r^2 + 2sqrt(2)$ is $23+2sqrt(2)+4sqrt(14)$ and not $7$.
                    $endgroup$
                    – Bysshed
                    Apr 2 '16 at 22:58






                    $begingroup$
                    I have noticed the following mistakes in your answer. $2sqrt(2) - r$ is $-sqrt(7)$ and not $-sqrt(2)$. Also $8+r^2 + 2sqrt(2)$ is $23+2sqrt(2)+4sqrt(14)$ and not $7$.
                    $endgroup$
                    – Bysshed
                    Apr 2 '16 at 22:58













                    -1












                    $begingroup$

                    From



                    $$2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{n}{m}$$ and $$2sqrt2 - sqrt7 = frac{m}{n},$$ by addition, you get



                    $$4sqrt{2}=frac{m}{n}+frac{n}{m}.$$ That is, $sqrt{2}$ should be rational.



                    ${}{}{}{}$






                    share|cite|improve this answer











                    $endgroup$













                    • $begingroup$
                      I think that, on the second equailty, it should go $m/n$ instead of $n/m$. Same in the last part.
                      $endgroup$
                      – Miguelgondu
                      Oct 17 '15 at 23:39










                    • $begingroup$
                      @Miguelgondu Typo corrected. Thank you for noticing it.
                      $endgroup$
                      – mfl
                      Oct 18 '15 at 4:01
















                    -1












                    $begingroup$

                    From



                    $$2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{n}{m}$$ and $$2sqrt2 - sqrt7 = frac{m}{n},$$ by addition, you get



                    $$4sqrt{2}=frac{m}{n}+frac{n}{m}.$$ That is, $sqrt{2}$ should be rational.



                    ${}{}{}{}$






                    share|cite|improve this answer











                    $endgroup$













                    • $begingroup$
                      I think that, on the second equailty, it should go $m/n$ instead of $n/m$. Same in the last part.
                      $endgroup$
                      – Miguelgondu
                      Oct 17 '15 at 23:39










                    • $begingroup$
                      @Miguelgondu Typo corrected. Thank you for noticing it.
                      $endgroup$
                      – mfl
                      Oct 18 '15 at 4:01














                    -1












                    -1








                    -1





                    $begingroup$

                    From



                    $$2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{n}{m}$$ and $$2sqrt2 - sqrt7 = frac{m}{n},$$ by addition, you get



                    $$4sqrt{2}=frac{m}{n}+frac{n}{m}.$$ That is, $sqrt{2}$ should be rational.



                    ${}{}{}{}$






                    share|cite|improve this answer











                    $endgroup$



                    From



                    $$2sqrt2 + sqrt7 = frac{n}{m}$$ and $$2sqrt2 - sqrt7 = frac{m}{n},$$ by addition, you get



                    $$4sqrt{2}=frac{m}{n}+frac{n}{m}.$$ That is, $sqrt{2}$ should be rational.



                    ${}{}{}{}$







                    share|cite|improve this answer














                    share|cite|improve this answer



                    share|cite|improve this answer








                    edited Apr 2 '16 at 23:31









                    Bysshed

                    1,06311023




                    1,06311023










                    answered Oct 17 '15 at 22:26









                    mflmfl

                    26.9k12142




                    26.9k12142












                    • $begingroup$
                      I think that, on the second equailty, it should go $m/n$ instead of $n/m$. Same in the last part.
                      $endgroup$
                      – Miguelgondu
                      Oct 17 '15 at 23:39










                    • $begingroup$
                      @Miguelgondu Typo corrected. Thank you for noticing it.
                      $endgroup$
                      – mfl
                      Oct 18 '15 at 4:01


















                    • $begingroup$
                      I think that, on the second equailty, it should go $m/n$ instead of $n/m$. Same in the last part.
                      $endgroup$
                      – Miguelgondu
                      Oct 17 '15 at 23:39










                    • $begingroup$
                      @Miguelgondu Typo corrected. Thank you for noticing it.
                      $endgroup$
                      – mfl
                      Oct 18 '15 at 4:01
















                    $begingroup$
                    I think that, on the second equailty, it should go $m/n$ instead of $n/m$. Same in the last part.
                    $endgroup$
                    – Miguelgondu
                    Oct 17 '15 at 23:39




                    $begingroup$
                    I think that, on the second equailty, it should go $m/n$ instead of $n/m$. Same in the last part.
                    $endgroup$
                    – Miguelgondu
                    Oct 17 '15 at 23:39












                    $begingroup$
                    @Miguelgondu Typo corrected. Thank you for noticing it.
                    $endgroup$
                    – mfl
                    Oct 18 '15 at 4:01




                    $begingroup$
                    @Miguelgondu Typo corrected. Thank you for noticing it.
                    $endgroup$
                    – mfl
                    Oct 18 '15 at 4:01


















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