Mixing
Ideal in polynomial ring which contains no non-zero prime ideal
$begingroup$
Let $J$ be a non-zero ideal in $mathbb C[X,Y]$ such that $J$ contains no non-zero prime ideal. Then is it true that $J$ has height $1$ ?
Possible approach: Since $mathrm{ht}(J^n)=mathrm{ht}(J)$ for every $n>1$ so $mathrm{ht}(J)=1$ iff $mathrm{ht}(J^n)=1$ iff $J^n$ is contained in a proper principal ideal ... don't know where to go from here.
For motivation see my comments to this question When the element-wise product of two ideals produces an ideal.
algebraic-geometry commutative-algebra noetherian unique-factorization-domains krull-dimension
edited Feb 7 at 9:32
user26857
39.5k124284
asked Jan 31 at 19:35
user521337user521337
1,2201417
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let $J$ be a non-zero ideal in $mathbb C[X,Y]$ such that $J$ contains no non-zero prime ideal. Then is it true that $J$ has height $1$ ?
Possible approach: Since $mathrm{ht}(J^n)=mathrm{ht}(J)$ for every $n>1$ so $mathrm{ht}(J)=1$ iff $mathrm{ht}(J^n)=1$ iff $J^n$ is contained in a proper principal ideal ... don't know where to go from here.
For motivation see my comments to this question When the element-wise product of two ideals produces an ideal.
algebraic-geometry commutative-algebra noetherian unique-factorization-domains krull-dimension
edited Feb 7 at 9:32
user26857
39.5k124284
asked Jan 31 at 19:35
user521337user521337
1,2201417
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat.
$endgroup$
– Aloizio Macedo♦
Feb 13 at 14:47
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let $J$ be a non-zero ideal in $mathbb C[X,Y]$ such that $J$ contains no non-zero prime ideal. Then is it true that $J$ has height $1$ ?
Possible approach: Since $mathrm{ht}(J^n)=mathrm{ht}(J)$ for every $n>1$ so $mathrm{ht}(J)=1$ iff $mathrm{ht}(J^n)=1$ iff $J^n$ is contained in a proper principal ideal ... don't know where to go from here.
For motivation see my comments to this question When the element-wise product of two ideals produces an ideal.
algebraic-geometry commutative-algebra noetherian unique-factorization-domains krull-dimension
edited Feb 7 at 9:32
user26857
39.5k124284
asked Jan 31 at 19:35
user521337user521337
1,2201417
$endgroup$
Let $J$ be a non-zero ideal in $mathbb C[X,Y]$ such that $J$ contains no non-zero prime ideal. Then is it true that $J$ has height $1$ ?
Possible approach: Since $mathrm{ht}(J^n)=mathrm{ht}(J)$ for every $n>1$ so $mathrm{ht}(J)=1$ iff $mathrm{ht}(J^n)=1$ iff $J^n$ is contained in a proper principal ideal ... don't know where to go from here.
For motivation see my comments to this question When the element-wise product of two ideals produces an ideal.
algebraic-geometry commutative-algebra noetherian unique-factorization-domains krull-dimension
algebraic-geometry commutative-algebra noetherian unique-factorization-domains krull-dimension
edited Feb 7 at 9:32
user26857
39.5k124284
asked Jan 31 at 19:35
user521337user521337
1,2201417
edited Feb 7 at 9:32
user26857
39.5k124284
asked Jan 31 at 19:35
user521337user521337
1,2201417
edited Feb 7 at 9:32
user26857
39.5k124284
edited Feb 7 at 9:32
user26857
39.5k124284
edited Feb 7 at 9:32
user26857
39.5k124284
39.5k124284
asked Jan 31 at 19:35
user521337user521337
1,2201417
asked Jan 31 at 19:35
user521337user521337
1,2201417
asked Jan 31 at 19:35
user521337user521337
1,2201417
1,2201417
$begingroup$
Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat.
$endgroup$
– Aloizio Macedo♦
Feb 13 at 14:47
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat.
$endgroup$
– Aloizio Macedo♦
Feb 13 at 14:47
$begingroup$
Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat.
$endgroup$
– Aloizio Macedo♦
Feb 13 at 14:47
$begingroup$
Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat.
$endgroup$
– Aloizio Macedo♦
Feb 13 at 14:47
add a comment |
1 Answer
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I'd like to you acknowledge some help from Jenna Tarasova.
I'm going to prove the contrapositive statement:
(1) If $J$ has height 2, then it contains an irreducible polynomial $f$.
To start with, I'm going to reduce to the case of monomial ideals. Specifically, I'm going to show that (1) is implied by:
(2) If $J$ is a height 2 monomial ideal and $win Bbb N^2$ is generic, then $J$ contains an irreducible polynomial $f$ which is also $w$-homogeneous.
Recall that $w$-homogeneous (of degree $d$) means that $f(t^{w_1}X, t^{w_2}Y) = t^d f(X,Y)$ for all $tneq0$; equivalently, each monomial in $f$ has the same $w$-degree, where the $w$-degree of $X^iY^j$ is defined to be $w_1i + w_2j$.
Proof that (2) implies (1). If $g$ is a nonzero polynomial, let $operatorname{in}_w(g)$ denote its initial form with respect to the weight $w$. By definition, this means that if $g=sum_{i,j} a_{ij} X^iY^j$ has $w$-order $d$ (i.e. $d = max{w_1i+w_2j : a_{ij}neq 0}$), then
$$operatorname{in}_w(g) = sum_{w_1i+w_2j=d} a_{ij} X^iY^j.$$
Define $operatorname{in}_w(J) = (operatorname{in}_w(g) : gin J)$.
Basic Groebner basis theory implies that $operatorname{in}_w(J)$ is a monomial ideal. Now use the following two facts (I encourage you to prove the second, also the first if you know Groebner basis things): (a) If $gin operatorname{in}_w(J)$ is $w$-homogeneous, then there exists an $fin J$ with $operatorname{in}_w(f) = g$; and (b) if $operatorname{in}_w(f)$ is irreducible, then so is $f$. $quadBox$
Now that I've reduced us to (2), I'm going to reduce things even further to the following statement:
(3) Let $n$ be a positive integer, and let $win Bbb N^2$ be generic. Then the ideal $(X^n, Y^n)$ contains an irreducible polynomial $f$ which is also $w$-homogeneous.
Proof that (3) implies (2). It suffices to show that a height $2$ monomial ideal $J$ contains some $(X^n, Y^n)$. Choose a (monomial) generating set $m_1,ldots,m_s$ of $J$. If every $m_i$ is divisible by $X$, then $J$ is contained in $(X)$ and therefore has height at most $1$, a contradiction. Therefore, at least one of $m_1,ldots,m_s$ is not divisible by $X$. Similarly, at least one of them is not divisible by $Y$. In other words, since the $m_i$'s are all nonconstant monomials, $J$ contains $X^a$ and $Y^b$ for some positive integers $a,b$. Choosing $ngeq max{a,b}$, we get that $Jni X^n,Y^n$, as claimed. $quad Box$
Finally, let's prove (3).
Proof of (3). Consider the $w$-homogeneous polynomial $f = X^{w_2} + Y^{w_1}$. By genericity, we may assume that $w_1,w_2geq n$, so that $fin J$. Also by genericity, we may assume that $w_1,w_2$ are distinct primes. (Suppose not. Then there exists a nonzero polynomial $g(x,y)in Bbb C[x,y]$ such that for all primes $pneq q$, $g(p,q)=0$. Then every prime is a root of $(y-p)g(p,y)$, contradicting the fact that there are infinitely many primes.)
So I don't have to keep writing the subscripts, let's set $p=w_1$ and $q=w_2$, so that $f=X^q + Y^p$. This polynomial is irreducible: Thinking of $f$ as having coefficients in $Bbb C(Y)$, let $t$ be a root of $f$ in some algebraic closure $K$ of $Bbb C(Y)$. Then the roots of $f$ in $K$ are $t, zeta t, ldots, zeta^{p-1} t$, where $zeta$ is a primitive $p$th root of unity. But $zetain Bbb Csubseteq Bbb C(Y)$, so for each $k=0,ldots,p-1$, the map $alpha mapsto zeta^k alpha$ is an automorphism of the field extension $Bbb C(Y)(t)/Bbb C(Y)$ taking $t$ to $zeta^kalpha$. Thus, as $t$ is not itself in $Bbb C(Y)$, we get that $f$ is irreducible (Dummit and Foote, Prop 14.2). $quad Box$
Remark
The same proof, with minor changes, works for the following generalization to any field and any number of variables:
Theorem. Let $k[X_1,ldots,X_n]$ be a polynomial ring over a field $k$. If $J$ is a nonzero ideal in $k[X_1,ldots,X_n]$ which contains no non-zero prime ideal, then $operatorname{ht}J=1$.
answered Feb 11 at 18:10
Avi SteinerAvi Steiner
2,728927
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I will take time to carefully read the proof : some basic questions: what do you mean by generic element of $mathbb N^2$ here ? That would clarify some things for me as in the usual sense, no homogeneous polynomial in two variable , of degree $>1$ is irreducible ... also, $f_1(X_1)+f_2(X_2)$ is always irreducible in $mathbb C[X_1,X_2]$ as long as $f_1,f_2$ has co-prime degree .... I mentioned this in my comments to the question , so that takes care of your claim $(3)$ I guess after your reduction ?
$endgroup$
– user521337
Feb 11 at 22:15
$begingroup$
@user521337 The use of “generic” here means that there is a nonempty Zariski open subset $U$ of $Bbb C^2$ such that the property holds for all $win Ucap Bbb N^2$. (In fact, in this case, $U$ may be chosen to be the complement of a finite union of hyperplanes)
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 11 at 22:31
$begingroup$
@user521337 also, I actually didn’t see your newer comments until just now. What you’re doing is indeed similar to what I’ve done here.
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 11 at 22:34
$begingroup$
@user26857 You can still post your solution
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 12 at 20:19
$begingroup$
Please give more details or a reference for the claim that the initial form ideal is monomial.
$endgroup$
– user26857
Feb 13 at 6:03
|
show 1 more comment
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$begingroup$
I'd like to you acknowledge some help from Jenna Tarasova.
I'm going to prove the contrapositive statement:
(1) If $J$ has height 2, then it contains an irreducible polynomial $f$.
To start with, I'm going to reduce to the case of monomial ideals. Specifically, I'm going to show that (1) is implied by:
(2) If $J$ is a height 2 monomial ideal and $win Bbb N^2$ is generic, then $J$ contains an irreducible polynomial $f$ which is also $w$-homogeneous.
Recall that $w$-homogeneous (of degree $d$) means that $f(t^{w_1}X, t^{w_2}Y) = t^d f(X,Y)$ for all $tneq0$; equivalently, each monomial in $f$ has the same $w$-degree, where the $w$-degree of $X^iY^j$ is defined to be $w_1i + w_2j$.
Proof that (2) implies (1). If $g$ is a nonzero polynomial, let $operatorname{in}_w(g)$ denote its initial form with respect to the weight $w$. By definition, this means that if $g=sum_{i,j} a_{ij} X^iY^j$ has $w$-order $d$ (i.e. $d = max{w_1i+w_2j : a_{ij}neq 0}$), then
$$operatorname{in}_w(g) = sum_{w_1i+w_2j=d} a_{ij} X^iY^j.$$
Define $operatorname{in}_w(J) = (operatorname{in}_w(g) : gin J)$.
Basic Groebner basis theory implies that $operatorname{in}_w(J)$ is a monomial ideal. Now use the following two facts (I encourage you to prove the second, also the first if you know Groebner basis things): (a) If $gin operatorname{in}_w(J)$ is $w$-homogeneous, then there exists an $fin J$ with $operatorname{in}_w(f) = g$; and (b) if $operatorname{in}_w(f)$ is irreducible, then so is $f$. $quadBox$
Now that I've reduced us to (2), I'm going to reduce things even further to the following statement:
(3) Let $n$ be a positive integer, and let $win Bbb N^2$ be generic. Then the ideal $(X^n, Y^n)$ contains an irreducible polynomial $f$ which is also $w$-homogeneous.
Proof that (3) implies (2). It suffices to show that a height $2$ monomial ideal $J$ contains some $(X^n, Y^n)$. Choose a (monomial) generating set $m_1,ldots,m_s$ of $J$. If every $m_i$ is divisible by $X$, then $J$ is contained in $(X)$ and therefore has height at most $1$, a contradiction. Therefore, at least one of $m_1,ldots,m_s$ is not divisible by $X$. Similarly, at least one of them is not divisible by $Y$. In other words, since the $m_i$'s are all nonconstant monomials, $J$ contains $X^a$ and $Y^b$ for some positive integers $a,b$. Choosing $ngeq max{a,b}$, we get that $Jni X^n,Y^n$, as claimed. $quad Box$
Finally, let's prove (3).
Proof of (3). Consider the $w$-homogeneous polynomial $f = X^{w_2} + Y^{w_1}$. By genericity, we may assume that $w_1,w_2geq n$, so that $fin J$. Also by genericity, we may assume that $w_1,w_2$ are distinct primes. (Suppose not. Then there exists a nonzero polynomial $g(x,y)in Bbb C[x,y]$ such that for all primes $pneq q$, $g(p,q)=0$. Then every prime is a root of $(y-p)g(p,y)$, contradicting the fact that there are infinitely many primes.)
So I don't have to keep writing the subscripts, let's set $p=w_1$ and $q=w_2$, so that $f=X^q + Y^p$. This polynomial is irreducible: Thinking of $f$ as having coefficients in $Bbb C(Y)$, let $t$ be a root of $f$ in some algebraic closure $K$ of $Bbb C(Y)$. Then the roots of $f$ in $K$ are $t, zeta t, ldots, zeta^{p-1} t$, where $zeta$ is a primitive $p$th root of unity. But $zetain Bbb Csubseteq Bbb C(Y)$, so for each $k=0,ldots,p-1$, the map $alpha mapsto zeta^k alpha$ is an automorphism of the field extension $Bbb C(Y)(t)/Bbb C(Y)$ taking $t$ to $zeta^kalpha$. Thus, as $t$ is not itself in $Bbb C(Y)$, we get that $f$ is irreducible (Dummit and Foote, Prop 14.2). $quad Box$
Remark
The same proof, with minor changes, works for the following generalization to any field and any number of variables:
Theorem. Let $k[X_1,ldots,X_n]$ be a polynomial ring over a field $k$. If $J$ is a nonzero ideal in $k[X_1,ldots,X_n]$ which contains no non-zero prime ideal, then $operatorname{ht}J=1$.
answered Feb 11 at 18:10
Avi SteinerAvi Steiner
2,728927
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I will take time to carefully read the proof : some basic questions: what do you mean by generic element of $mathbb N^2$ here ? That would clarify some things for me as in the usual sense, no homogeneous polynomial in two variable , of degree $>1$ is irreducible ... also, $f_1(X_1)+f_2(X_2)$ is always irreducible in $mathbb C[X_1,X_2]$ as long as $f_1,f_2$ has co-prime degree .... I mentioned this in my comments to the question , so that takes care of your claim $(3)$ I guess after your reduction ?
$endgroup$
– user521337
Feb 11 at 22:15
$begingroup$
@user521337 The use of “generic” here means that there is a nonempty Zariski open subset $U$ of $Bbb C^2$ such that the property holds for all $win Ucap Bbb N^2$. (In fact, in this case, $U$ may be chosen to be the complement of a finite union of hyperplanes)
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 11 at 22:31
$begingroup$
@user521337 also, I actually didn’t see your newer comments until just now. What you’re doing is indeed similar to what I’ve done here.
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 11 at 22:34
$begingroup$
@user26857 You can still post your solution
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 12 at 20:19
$begingroup$
Please give more details or a reference for the claim that the initial form ideal is monomial.
$endgroup$
– user26857
Feb 13 at 6:03
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
I'd like to you acknowledge some help from Jenna Tarasova.
I'm going to prove the contrapositive statement:
(1) If $J$ has height 2, then it contains an irreducible polynomial $f$.
To start with, I'm going to reduce to the case of monomial ideals. Specifically, I'm going to show that (1) is implied by:
(2) If $J$ is a height 2 monomial ideal and $win Bbb N^2$ is generic, then $J$ contains an irreducible polynomial $f$ which is also $w$-homogeneous.
Recall that $w$-homogeneous (of degree $d$) means that $f(t^{w_1}X, t^{w_2}Y) = t^d f(X,Y)$ for all $tneq0$; equivalently, each monomial in $f$ has the same $w$-degree, where the $w$-degree of $X^iY^j$ is defined to be $w_1i + w_2j$.
Proof that (2) implies (1). If $g$ is a nonzero polynomial, let $operatorname{in}_w(g)$ denote its initial form with respect to the weight $w$. By definition, this means that if $g=sum_{i,j} a_{ij} X^iY^j$ has $w$-order $d$ (i.e. $d = max{w_1i+w_2j : a_{ij}neq 0}$), then
$$operatorname{in}_w(g) = sum_{w_1i+w_2j=d} a_{ij} X^iY^j.$$
Define $operatorname{in}_w(J) = (operatorname{in}_w(g) : gin J)$.
Basic Groebner basis theory implies that $operatorname{in}_w(J)$ is a monomial ideal. Now use the following two facts (I encourage you to prove the second, also the first if you know Groebner basis things): (a) If $gin operatorname{in}_w(J)$ is $w$-homogeneous, then there exists an $fin J$ with $operatorname{in}_w(f) = g$; and (b) if $operatorname{in}_w(f)$ is irreducible, then so is $f$. $quadBox$
Now that I've reduced us to (2), I'm going to reduce things even further to the following statement:
(3) Let $n$ be a positive integer, and let $win Bbb N^2$ be generic. Then the ideal $(X^n, Y^n)$ contains an irreducible polynomial $f$ which is also $w$-homogeneous.
Proof that (3) implies (2). It suffices to show that a height $2$ monomial ideal $J$ contains some $(X^n, Y^n)$. Choose a (monomial) generating set $m_1,ldots,m_s$ of $J$. If every $m_i$ is divisible by $X$, then $J$ is contained in $(X)$ and therefore has height at most $1$, a contradiction. Therefore, at least one of $m_1,ldots,m_s$ is not divisible by $X$. Similarly, at least one of them is not divisible by $Y$. In other words, since the $m_i$'s are all nonconstant monomials, $J$ contains $X^a$ and $Y^b$ for some positive integers $a,b$. Choosing $ngeq max{a,b}$, we get that $Jni X^n,Y^n$, as claimed. $quad Box$
Finally, let's prove (3).
Proof of (3). Consider the $w$-homogeneous polynomial $f = X^{w_2} + Y^{w_1}$. By genericity, we may assume that $w_1,w_2geq n$, so that $fin J$. Also by genericity, we may assume that $w_1,w_2$ are distinct primes. (Suppose not. Then there exists a nonzero polynomial $g(x,y)in Bbb C[x,y]$ such that for all primes $pneq q$, $g(p,q)=0$. Then every prime is a root of $(y-p)g(p,y)$, contradicting the fact that there are infinitely many primes.)
So I don't have to keep writing the subscripts, let's set $p=w_1$ and $q=w_2$, so that $f=X^q + Y^p$. This polynomial is irreducible: Thinking of $f$ as having coefficients in $Bbb C(Y)$, let $t$ be a root of $f$ in some algebraic closure $K$ of $Bbb C(Y)$. Then the roots of $f$ in $K$ are $t, zeta t, ldots, zeta^{p-1} t$, where $zeta$ is a primitive $p$th root of unity. But $zetain Bbb Csubseteq Bbb C(Y)$, so for each $k=0,ldots,p-1$, the map $alpha mapsto zeta^k alpha$ is an automorphism of the field extension $Bbb C(Y)(t)/Bbb C(Y)$ taking $t$ to $zeta^kalpha$. Thus, as $t$ is not itself in $Bbb C(Y)$, we get that $f$ is irreducible (Dummit and Foote, Prop 14.2). $quad Box$
Remark
The same proof, with minor changes, works for the following generalization to any field and any number of variables:
Theorem. Let $k[X_1,ldots,X_n]$ be a polynomial ring over a field $k$. If $J$ is a nonzero ideal in $k[X_1,ldots,X_n]$ which contains no non-zero prime ideal, then $operatorname{ht}J=1$.
answered Feb 11 at 18:10
Avi SteinerAvi Steiner
2,728927
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I will take time to carefully read the proof : some basic questions: what do you mean by generic element of $mathbb N^2$ here ? That would clarify some things for me as in the usual sense, no homogeneous polynomial in two variable , of degree $>1$ is irreducible ... also, $f_1(X_1)+f_2(X_2)$ is always irreducible in $mathbb C[X_1,X_2]$ as long as $f_1,f_2$ has co-prime degree .... I mentioned this in my comments to the question , so that takes care of your claim $(3)$ I guess after your reduction ?
$endgroup$
– user521337
Feb 11 at 22:15
$begingroup$
@user521337 The use of “generic” here means that there is a nonempty Zariski open subset $U$ of $Bbb C^2$ such that the property holds for all $win Ucap Bbb N^2$. (In fact, in this case, $U$ may be chosen to be the complement of a finite union of hyperplanes)
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 11 at 22:31
$begingroup$
@user521337 also, I actually didn’t see your newer comments until just now. What you’re doing is indeed similar to what I’ve done here.
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 11 at 22:34
$begingroup$
@user26857 You can still post your solution
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 12 at 20:19
$begingroup$
Please give more details or a reference for the claim that the initial form ideal is monomial.
$endgroup$
– user26857
Feb 13 at 6:03
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
I'd like to you acknowledge some help from Jenna Tarasova.
I'm going to prove the contrapositive statement:
(1) If $J$ has height 2, then it contains an irreducible polynomial $f$.
To start with, I'm going to reduce to the case of monomial ideals. Specifically, I'm going to show that (1) is implied by:
(2) If $J$ is a height 2 monomial ideal and $win Bbb N^2$ is generic, then $J$ contains an irreducible polynomial $f$ which is also $w$-homogeneous.
Recall that $w$-homogeneous (of degree $d$) means that $f(t^{w_1}X, t^{w_2}Y) = t^d f(X,Y)$ for all $tneq0$; equivalently, each monomial in $f$ has the same $w$-degree, where the $w$-degree of $X^iY^j$ is defined to be $w_1i + w_2j$.
Proof that (2) implies (1). If $g$ is a nonzero polynomial, let $operatorname{in}_w(g)$ denote its initial form with respect to the weight $w$. By definition, this means that if $g=sum_{i,j} a_{ij} X^iY^j$ has $w$-order $d$ (i.e. $d = max{w_1i+w_2j : a_{ij}neq 0}$), then
$$operatorname{in}_w(g) = sum_{w_1i+w_2j=d} a_{ij} X^iY^j.$$
Define $operatorname{in}_w(J) = (operatorname{in}_w(g) : gin J)$.
Basic Groebner basis theory implies that $operatorname{in}_w(J)$ is a monomial ideal. Now use the following two facts (I encourage you to prove the second, also the first if you know Groebner basis things): (a) If $gin operatorname{in}_w(J)$ is $w$-homogeneous, then there exists an $fin J$ with $operatorname{in}_w(f) = g$; and (b) if $operatorname{in}_w(f)$ is irreducible, then so is $f$. $quadBox$
Now that I've reduced us to (2), I'm going to reduce things even further to the following statement:
(3) Let $n$ be a positive integer, and let $win Bbb N^2$ be generic. Then the ideal $(X^n, Y^n)$ contains an irreducible polynomial $f$ which is also $w$-homogeneous.
Proof that (3) implies (2). It suffices to show that a height $2$ monomial ideal $J$ contains some $(X^n, Y^n)$. Choose a (monomial) generating set $m_1,ldots,m_s$ of $J$. If every $m_i$ is divisible by $X$, then $J$ is contained in $(X)$ and therefore has height at most $1$, a contradiction. Therefore, at least one of $m_1,ldots,m_s$ is not divisible by $X$. Similarly, at least one of them is not divisible by $Y$. In other words, since the $m_i$'s are all nonconstant monomials, $J$ contains $X^a$ and $Y^b$ for some positive integers $a,b$. Choosing $ngeq max{a,b}$, we get that $Jni X^n,Y^n$, as claimed. $quad Box$
Finally, let's prove (3).
Proof of (3). Consider the $w$-homogeneous polynomial $f = X^{w_2} + Y^{w_1}$. By genericity, we may assume that $w_1,w_2geq n$, so that $fin J$. Also by genericity, we may assume that $w_1,w_2$ are distinct primes. (Suppose not. Then there exists a nonzero polynomial $g(x,y)in Bbb C[x,y]$ such that for all primes $pneq q$, $g(p,q)=0$. Then every prime is a root of $(y-p)g(p,y)$, contradicting the fact that there are infinitely many primes.)
So I don't have to keep writing the subscripts, let's set $p=w_1$ and $q=w_2$, so that $f=X^q + Y^p$. This polynomial is irreducible: Thinking of $f$ as having coefficients in $Bbb C(Y)$, let $t$ be a root of $f$ in some algebraic closure $K$ of $Bbb C(Y)$. Then the roots of $f$ in $K$ are $t, zeta t, ldots, zeta^{p-1} t$, where $zeta$ is a primitive $p$th root of unity. But $zetain Bbb Csubseteq Bbb C(Y)$, so for each $k=0,ldots,p-1$, the map $alpha mapsto zeta^k alpha$ is an automorphism of the field extension $Bbb C(Y)(t)/Bbb C(Y)$ taking $t$ to $zeta^kalpha$. Thus, as $t$ is not itself in $Bbb C(Y)$, we get that $f$ is irreducible (Dummit and Foote, Prop 14.2). $quad Box$
Remark
The same proof, with minor changes, works for the following generalization to any field and any number of variables:
Theorem. Let $k[X_1,ldots,X_n]$ be a polynomial ring over a field $k$. If $J$ is a nonzero ideal in $k[X_1,ldots,X_n]$ which contains no non-zero prime ideal, then $operatorname{ht}J=1$.
answered Feb 11 at 18:10
Avi SteinerAvi Steiner
2,728927
$endgroup$
I'd like to you acknowledge some help from Jenna Tarasova.
I'm going to prove the contrapositive statement:
(1) If $J$ has height 2, then it contains an irreducible polynomial $f$.
To start with, I'm going to reduce to the case of monomial ideals. Specifically, I'm going to show that (1) is implied by:
(2) If $J$ is a height 2 monomial ideal and $win Bbb N^2$ is generic, then $J$ contains an irreducible polynomial $f$ which is also $w$-homogeneous.
Recall that $w$-homogeneous (of degree $d$) means that $f(t^{w_1}X, t^{w_2}Y) = t^d f(X,Y)$ for all $tneq0$; equivalently, each monomial in $f$ has the same $w$-degree, where the $w$-degree of $X^iY^j$ is defined to be $w_1i + w_2j$.
Proof that (2) implies (1). If $g$ is a nonzero polynomial, let $operatorname{in}_w(g)$ denote its initial form with respect to the weight $w$. By definition, this means that if $g=sum_{i,j} a_{ij} X^iY^j$ has $w$-order $d$ (i.e. $d = max{w_1i+w_2j : a_{ij}neq 0}$), then
$$operatorname{in}_w(g) = sum_{w_1i+w_2j=d} a_{ij} X^iY^j.$$
Define $operatorname{in}_w(J) = (operatorname{in}_w(g) : gin J)$.
Basic Groebner basis theory implies that $operatorname{in}_w(J)$ is a monomial ideal. Now use the following two facts (I encourage you to prove the second, also the first if you know Groebner basis things): (a) If $gin operatorname{in}_w(J)$ is $w$-homogeneous, then there exists an $fin J$ with $operatorname{in}_w(f) = g$; and (b) if $operatorname{in}_w(f)$ is irreducible, then so is $f$. $quadBox$
Now that I've reduced us to (2), I'm going to reduce things even further to the following statement:
(3) Let $n$ be a positive integer, and let $win Bbb N^2$ be generic. Then the ideal $(X^n, Y^n)$ contains an irreducible polynomial $f$ which is also $w$-homogeneous.
Proof that (3) implies (2). It suffices to show that a height $2$ monomial ideal $J$ contains some $(X^n, Y^n)$. Choose a (monomial) generating set $m_1,ldots,m_s$ of $J$. If every $m_i$ is divisible by $X$, then $J$ is contained in $(X)$ and therefore has height at most $1$, a contradiction. Therefore, at least one of $m_1,ldots,m_s$ is not divisible by $X$. Similarly, at least one of them is not divisible by $Y$. In other words, since the $m_i$'s are all nonconstant monomials, $J$ contains $X^a$ and $Y^b$ for some positive integers $a,b$. Choosing $ngeq max{a,b}$, we get that $Jni X^n,Y^n$, as claimed. $quad Box$
Finally, let's prove (3).
Proof of (3). Consider the $w$-homogeneous polynomial $f = X^{w_2} + Y^{w_1}$. By genericity, we may assume that $w_1,w_2geq n$, so that $fin J$. Also by genericity, we may assume that $w_1,w_2$ are distinct primes. (Suppose not. Then there exists a nonzero polynomial $g(x,y)in Bbb C[x,y]$ such that for all primes $pneq q$, $g(p,q)=0$. Then every prime is a root of $(y-p)g(p,y)$, contradicting the fact that there are infinitely many primes.)
So I don't have to keep writing the subscripts, let's set $p=w_1$ and $q=w_2$, so that $f=X^q + Y^p$. This polynomial is irreducible: Thinking of $f$ as having coefficients in $Bbb C(Y)$, let $t$ be a root of $f$ in some algebraic closure $K$ of $Bbb C(Y)$. Then the roots of $f$ in $K$ are $t, zeta t, ldots, zeta^{p-1} t$, where $zeta$ is a primitive $p$th root of unity. But $zetain Bbb Csubseteq Bbb C(Y)$, so for each $k=0,ldots,p-1$, the map $alpha mapsto zeta^k alpha$ is an automorphism of the field extension $Bbb C(Y)(t)/Bbb C(Y)$ taking $t$ to $zeta^kalpha$. Thus, as $t$ is not itself in $Bbb C(Y)$, we get that $f$ is irreducible (Dummit and Foote, Prop 14.2). $quad Box$
Remark
The same proof, with minor changes, works for the following generalization to any field and any number of variables:
Theorem. Let $k[X_1,ldots,X_n]$ be a polynomial ring over a field $k$. If $J$ is a nonzero ideal in $k[X_1,ldots,X_n]$ which contains no non-zero prime ideal, then $operatorname{ht}J=1$.
answered Feb 11 at 18:10
Avi SteinerAvi Steiner
2,728927
edited Feb 11 at 20:58
answered Feb 11 at 18:10
Avi SteinerAvi Steiner
2,728927
answered Feb 11 at 18:10
Avi SteinerAvi Steiner
2,728927
answered Feb 11 at 18:10
Avi SteinerAvi Steiner
2,728927
2,728927
$begingroup$
I will take time to carefully read the proof : some basic questions: what do you mean by generic element of $mathbb N^2$ here ? That would clarify some things for me as in the usual sense, no homogeneous polynomial in two variable , of degree $>1$ is irreducible ... also, $f_1(X_1)+f_2(X_2)$ is always irreducible in $mathbb C[X_1,X_2]$ as long as $f_1,f_2$ has co-prime degree .... I mentioned this in my comments to the question , so that takes care of your claim $(3)$ I guess after your reduction ?
$endgroup$
– user521337
Feb 11 at 22:15
$begingroup$
@user521337 The use of “generic” here means that there is a nonempty Zariski open subset $U$ of $Bbb C^2$ such that the property holds for all $win Ucap Bbb N^2$. (In fact, in this case, $U$ may be chosen to be the complement of a finite union of hyperplanes)
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 11 at 22:31
$begingroup$
@user521337 also, I actually didn’t see your newer comments until just now. What you’re doing is indeed similar to what I’ve done here.
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 11 at 22:34
$begingroup$
@user26857 You can still post your solution
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 12 at 20:19
$begingroup$
Please give more details or a reference for the claim that the initial form ideal is monomial.
$endgroup$
– user26857
Feb 13 at 6:03
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
I will take time to carefully read the proof : some basic questions: what do you mean by generic element of $mathbb N^2$ here ? That would clarify some things for me as in the usual sense, no homogeneous polynomial in two variable , of degree $>1$ is irreducible ... also, $f_1(X_1)+f_2(X_2)$ is always irreducible in $mathbb C[X_1,X_2]$ as long as $f_1,f_2$ has co-prime degree .... I mentioned this in my comments to the question , so that takes care of your claim $(3)$ I guess after your reduction ?
$endgroup$
– user521337
Feb 11 at 22:15
$begingroup$
@user521337 The use of “generic” here means that there is a nonempty Zariski open subset $U$ of $Bbb C^2$ such that the property holds for all $win Ucap Bbb N^2$. (In fact, in this case, $U$ may be chosen to be the complement of a finite union of hyperplanes)
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 11 at 22:31
$begingroup$
@user521337 also, I actually didn’t see your newer comments until just now. What you’re doing is indeed similar to what I’ve done here.
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 11 at 22:34
$begingroup$
@user26857 You can still post your solution
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 12 at 20:19
$begingroup$
Please give more details or a reference for the claim that the initial form ideal is monomial.
$endgroup$
– user26857
Feb 13 at 6:03
$begingroup$
I will take time to carefully read the proof : some basic questions: what do you mean by generic element of $mathbb N^2$ here ? That would clarify some things for me as in the usual sense, no homogeneous polynomial in two variable , of degree $>1$ is irreducible ... also, $f_1(X_1)+f_2(X_2)$ is always irreducible in $mathbb C[X_1,X_2]$ as long as $f_1,f_2$ has co-prime degree .... I mentioned this in my comments to the question , so that takes care of your claim $(3)$ I guess after your reduction ?
$endgroup$
– user521337
Feb 11 at 22:15
$begingroup$
I will take time to carefully read the proof : some basic questions: what do you mean by generic element of $mathbb N^2$ here ? That would clarify some things for me as in the usual sense, no homogeneous polynomial in two variable , of degree $>1$ is irreducible ... also, $f_1(X_1)+f_2(X_2)$ is always irreducible in $mathbb C[X_1,X_2]$ as long as $f_1,f_2$ has co-prime degree .... I mentioned this in my comments to the question , so that takes care of your claim $(3)$ I guess after your reduction ?
$endgroup$
– user521337
Feb 11 at 22:15
$begingroup$
@user521337 The use of “generic” here means that there is a nonempty Zariski open subset $U$ of $Bbb C^2$ such that the property holds for all $win Ucap Bbb N^2$. (In fact, in this case, $U$ may be chosen to be the complement of a finite union of hyperplanes)
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 11 at 22:31
$begingroup$
@user521337 The use of “generic” here means that there is a nonempty Zariski open subset $U$ of $Bbb C^2$ such that the property holds for all $win Ucap Bbb N^2$. (In fact, in this case, $U$ may be chosen to be the complement of a finite union of hyperplanes)
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 11 at 22:31
$begingroup$
@user521337 also, I actually didn’t see your newer comments until just now. What you’re doing is indeed similar to what I’ve done here.
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 11 at 22:34
$begingroup$
@user521337 also, I actually didn’t see your newer comments until just now. What you’re doing is indeed similar to what I’ve done here.
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 11 at 22:34
$begingroup$
@user26857 You can still post your solution
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 12 at 20:19
$begingroup$
@user26857 You can still post your solution
$endgroup$
– Avi Steiner
Feb 12 at 20:19
$begingroup$
Please give more details or a reference for the claim that the initial form ideal is monomial.
$endgroup$
– user26857
Feb 13 at 6:03
$begingroup$
Please give more details or a reference for the claim that the initial form ideal is monomial.
$endgroup$
– user26857
Feb 13 at 6:03
|
show 1 more comment
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